西藏不同生态型区苹果品质评价及其对气象因子的响应

通过对西藏4个不同生态型区‘金冠’苹果果实品质相关指标进行测定,并对果实品质与主要气象因子进行相关性分析及回归分析,以确定西藏‘金冠’苹果栽培主要气象因子评价体系。结果显示,在西藏4个不同生态型区‘金冠’苹果品质差异显著,其中,林芝‘金冠’综合表现较好。在西藏高海拔地区,年均温、7月均温、昼夜温差、≥10℃年均积温、年日照时数、年降水量及海拔是影响‘金冠’果实品质的主要气象因子。其中,海拔2857.9 m、年均气温13.2℃、7月平均气温15.9℃、年均昼夜温差12.7℃、≥10℃年均积温2310.5℃、年均日照时数2532.6 h、年均降水量636.7 mm是‘金冠’苹果形成最佳果实品质的适应气象因子,并且在一定范围内,昼夜温差越大,果实品质越好。本研究建立了西藏‘金冠’苹果栽培主要气象因子评价体系,并提出昼夜温差是影响西藏高海拔地区‘金冠’苹果品质的最主要评价因子。

Quality evaluation of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple from different ecological regions in Tibet and its response to meteorological factors

A meteorological factor evaluation system for ‘Golden Delicious’ apple quality was investigated through correlation and regression analyses of fruit quality and meteorological factors of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple varieties in four ecological regions in Tibet. Results showed that the qualities of the ‘Golden Delicious’ apple exhibited significant differences in the four regions, with the highest quality found in Nyingchi. The mean annual temperature, average temperature in July, mean annual temperature diurnal range, ≥ 10℃ accumulated annual temperature, average annual sunshine hours, average annual rainfall, and altitude were the main meteorological factors that affected fruit quality in the high attitude areas of Tibet. An altitude of 2857.9 m, annual average temperature of 13.2℃, average temperature in July of 15.9℃, mean annual temperature diurnal range of 12.7℃, ≥ 10℃ accumulated annual temperature of 2310.5℃, average annual sunshine of 2532.6 h, and average annual rainfall of 636.7 mm were the optimum values for the highest quality ‘Golden Delicious’ apple. Thus, the larger the mean annual temperature diurnal range, the better the fruit quality. In this study, the main meteorological factor evaluation system on ‘Golden Delicious’ fruit quality was obtained for the high attitude area of Tibet, with mean annual temperature diurnal range found to be the primary evaluation factor.