山东早始新世五图组的一种古有蹄类Olbitherium millenariusum gen.et sp.nov.(哺乳动物纲,"伪齿兽集目")

记述了在山东省五图盆地下始新统发现的一种“伪齿兽集目”化石 :千禧福兽 (Olbither iummillenariusumgen.etsp .nov.)。千禧福兽其颊齿形态基本上与原始奇蹄类相似 ,同时也具有伪齿兽类的一些特征 ,如m1～ 2下次尖没有与下内尖直接连接的下次脊。千禧福兽的M3次尖具前、后棱 ,这一点似与原始的蹄兔Seggeurius相似。因此 ,新种在目一级的归类有困难 ,暂置于McKenna ( 1 975 )创立的“伪齿兽集目”(“MirorderPhenacodonta”)。千禧福兽的发现进一步证明了奇蹄类可能起源于亚洲和北非类似伪齿兽类 (phenacodontids)的古有蹄类 ,福兽仅是类似伪齿兽类的古新世古有蹄类向奇蹄类进化过程中的一叉支的代表。     

山东章丘上新世巴漏河组和更新统孢粉植物群

山东章丘巴漏河组和上覆更新统孢粉植物研究表明,当地上新世植物群的分布类型趋于单调,草本植物和部分广布型植物繁盛;更新世植物群的成分变得更加贫乏,其中,第三纪常见的喜暖类型已全部消失,而广布型植物类型得以进一步发展。植物群所反映的气候较中新世趋于干冷,与我国华北地区晚第三纪以来植物群的总体发展规律相一致。巴漏河组在层位上与临朐和昌乐等地的尧山组相对比,当前研究表明,以往报道的尧山组底部沉积夹层中的孢粉组合,其时代与山旺组相接近,而不同于巴漏河组;孢粉证据支持将其归于山旺组的划分意见。通过比较,建立巴漏河组与山东北部钻孔剖面明化镇组上段孢粉组合的对比比较。     

A NEW LOPHIALETID PERISSODACTYL(MAMMALIA) FROM THE EARLY EOCENE OF WUTU BASIN,SHANDONG PROVINCE

Periss0dactyla0wen,laseTaPiroideaGill,lgy2?tophiaiedaeMathedthenger,1925(Radhay,l%5)Ampeqhu!~gco'etsp'nov'TypeAfragInentaryrightmaxillawithcomPleteP2-MlandanteriorpartofM2twvlo7o2)'~andhothenCountyMine,2kmeastofWutUVillageofChangleCounty,Shandong;Eariyhee,WutUFonnahon'Inagn0dsApdrihveandmedium-edtapiroid'UPpercheekdrilow-crownedandmoderatey1ophodont,withdishnCtcuSPs;MlAnconeequalt0paraconeinfor;parastylerelativefysmall,anddosetoparacone;labialandlingUalcusPsinclinedt0ndd-dleakisof…     

Overexpression of miRNA 4451 is Associated With a Poor Survival of Patients With Hypopharyngeal Cancer After Surgery With Postoperative Radiotherapy

Hypopharyngeal cancer (HC) is the most common subset of head and neck cancers. These tumors often have an aggressive clinical outcome characterized by local invasion and regional nodal metastasis. Upregulated miRNAs might be useful as biomarkers for prognosis and molecular targets for these tumors. We determined tumor expression of candidate miRNAs using microarray in 8 HC patients and validated in 372 HC patients. We also used paired tumorous and mucosal tissue to verify the miRNA expression. Log-rank test and Cox model were used to evaluate the survival; and Harrell's C-index was used to compare concordance of Cox models. Our results indicated 7 miRNAs aberrantly expressed in HC. Three of these candidate miRNAs (miRNA-4415, miRNA-200a, and miRNA-30b) were selected for further qRT-PCR validation and all of them were frequently found upregulated in HC tumors; with miR-4451 being the most differentially expressed. Moreover, high expression of miR-4451 was positively correlated with advanced tumor stage and increased mortality risk (HR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2–2.3; adjusted HR: 1.5, adjusted 95% CI: 1.1–2.1). Finally, significantly higher expression of miR-4451 in tumors compared to in fresh adjacent normal tissues indicates an oncogenic role of miR-4451 in this tumor. Upregulated miR-4451 in HC samples were frequently found and is significantly associated with advanced stage and poor survival of HC, which may indicate an association of this miRNA with the carcinogenesis process in this tumor site; and they could serve as a prognostic biomarker as well as help develop potential new targets for therapy.     

Survival Impact of Delaying Postoperative Radiotherapy in Patients with Esophageal Cancer

The purpose of the current study was to retrospectively assess the effect of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) delay on survival for patients with esophageal cancer. From 2008 to 2011, patients with esophageal cancer who had undergone postoperative RT in five different hospitals in China were reviewed. Clinical data, including time interval between surgery to RT, were prospectively collected. Kaplan-Meier method was conducted to estimate the effect of each variable on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), with differences assessed by log-rank test. Univariate Cox proportional-hazards models were performed for both PFS and OS for all assumed predictor variables. Statistically significant predictor variables (P < .05) on univariate analysis were then included in multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models, which were performed to compare the effects of RT delay on PFS and OS. A total of 316 patients were finally enrolled in this prospectively multicentric study. Time to RT after surgery varied from 12 days to over 60 days (median, 26 days). Multivariate analysis showed that delay to RT longer than the median does not appear to be a survival cost. There was also no statistically difference in PFS (P = .513) or OS (P = .236) between patients stratified by quartiles (≤21 days vs ≧35 days). However, patients with particularly long delays (≧42 days) demonstrated a detrimental impact on OS (P = .021) but not PFS (P = .580). Delaying postoperative RT of esophageal cancer does not impact PFS, but results in a significant reduction on OS if delaying longer than 6 weeks.     

山东南部景观生态对策研究

在对山东南部气候、地貌、土壤、植被等景观生态要素研究的基础上,以地貌和基质为基本线索、以植被为标志建立了该地区的景观生态分类系统．该系统为二级分类系统,包括７个景观型、１７个景观亚型,其中,景观型根据植被（植被型或栽培植被型）划分,景观亚型根据地貌、植被（群系组或栽培组合）划分．以景观亚型或景观亚型的组合为基本单位,以１∶１００万土壤图为基础底图,参考多种比例尺的卫星照片、植被图、土地利用图、地貌图等,编制了山东南部１∶１００万景观生态类型图;在景观生态类型图上量算了各景观亚型的面积．据此详细分析了山东南部稀疏植被景观、常绿针叶林景观、落叶阔叶林景观、旱地作物景观、水旱轮作景观、湖泊景观等主要景观型的生态问题,提出了相应的生态对策     

基于ISSR-PCR对山东玉米多堆柄锈菌遗传多样性的研究及其初侵染菌源的推测

利用11对多态性ISSR引物对2014-2016年间采自山东、江苏、浙江、河南及海南等5省的60个玉米多堆柄锈菌菌株进行了种群遗传多样性分析。结果表明,分离自山东的玉米多堆柄锈菌菌株的遗传多样性丰富,多态性百分率（ P）达96.34%,与江苏、浙江、河南锈菌种群具有较高的相似性,遗传距离相对较近,其中与江苏的群体遗传相似系数最高（GS=0.7829）,遗传距离最近（GD=0.2447）,而与分离自海南的锈菌种群相似性最低（GS=0.0148）,遗传距离最远（GD=4.2999）。在相似性系数0.74水平上,供试60个菌株被划为3个群和多个亚群组,各群和亚群间表现出较明显的年度与地理分布上的差异。2015年采集的菌株之间 G_st值为0.8694,2015与2016年采集的菌株群体间的 G_st值为0.4562,说明病菌的遗传变异不仅表现在地域上,也体现在年度间。基于ISSR标记分析,作者认为发生在山东省的玉米南方锈病其初侵染菌源不是来自我国周年发生玉米南方锈病的海南省,而最有可能来自同样能越冬的菲律宾或我国台湾地区。     

甜菜夜蛾在鲁西南地区越冬问题的初步探讨

通过对甜菜夜蛾Spodopteraexigua越冬蛹过冷却点、各虫态发育起点温度、有效积温测定,结合10年来田间调查及越冬观察试验,表明甜菜夜蛾在鲁西南地区一般年份不能安全越冬,得出了每年初代虫源来于外地的结论,这对甜菜夜蛾预测预报和综合防治有着重要的指导作用。     

山东蔊菜属种子形态学研究及其系统分类学意义

对山东菜属植物的种子,从大小、翅、颜色和种子微形态等方面进行了研究;结果表明该属的种子为卵形或近圆形,呈扁平状;种子表面纹饰为网状或乳突状。与近缘属种子形态的研究表明,菜属和豆瓣菜属亲缘关系较近。因种子的形态特点比较稳定,所以菜属的种子特点可以为其分类、生药鉴定以及演化提供种子形态学方面的证据。