鼎湖山植被演替过程中椎栗和荷木种群的动态

 森林群落的演替过程,是以各优势种群的动态为其表现特征的。本项研究系统地研究了鼎湖山森林植被演替过程各优势种群的动态。本文研究演替顶极建群种椎栗和荷木等阳生性种群的动态,结果表明其生态位宽度在演替过程中由入侵针叶林起逐渐开始增大,至阳生性为优势常绿阔叶树阶段时为最大,此后渐渐下降,但不会下降为零。在其演变过程中,这些阳生性的种群格局由集群分布演变为趋于随机分布;其与早期先锋种马尾松树种的生态位宽度重叠值和种间联结值由高向低转变,而与中生性树种却有较高的生态位重叠值和种间联结值,但这两方面的值在后期有减弱的趋向。这些结果一方面说明该种群的先锋特性,另一方面也说明由于成熟群落的循环更新使群落结构出现不均匀与镶嵌,使这些阳生性先锋种群 在演替的后期仍以一定数量存在。     

鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林植物营养元素含量分配格局研究

在鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林中,植物叶片营养元素含量为Ｎ ０．９４６％－２．５３５％,Ｐ ０．０３０－０．１２７％,Ｋ ０．６１４％－１．８３３％,Ｃａ ０．４４２％－１．９９５％,Ｍｇ ０．０２４％－０．１８８％。叶片各营养养元素间相关性较差,仅Ｐ与Ｍｇ及Ｍｇ与Ｋ之间存在显著的线性相关。叶片Ｎ元素平均含量在各层中的序列为：乔木Ⅲ〉乔木Ⅱ〉乔木Ⅰ〉灌木〉藤本〉草本;其它营养元素浓度随层次分配的规律性     

南亚热带常绿阔叶林林下层植物的生物量及其测定方法的探讨

应用全收割法测定广东省鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林林下层植物生物量 ,林下植物总生物量为 12 9 58g/m2 ,其中茎、枝、叶、根的生物量占总生物量的比例约为 4 0 % ,9 0 % ,2 2 % ,2 9% .由部分实测数据建立林下植物个体生物量估算模型为W =0 0 0 4 2 ·H1 932 3.应用该模型得到的估算值 ,与收获实测值的相对误差仅为 1 8% ,具有良好的精度 .此外 ,还通过改变取样面积对该模型的适用性进行了探讨 .     

鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林小气候特征分析

阐述了鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林小气候特征与空旷地的差异 ,并分析了这些差异产生的原因。结果表明 :季风常绿阔叶林冠层顶部的太阳总辐射量年平均为 3488.8MJ·m- 2 ,由辐射强度和辐射总量计算出的反射率分别为 1 0 .5%、1 1 .4% ,年平均气温为 1 9.9℃ ,此 3项都比空旷地低 ,而年平均相对湿度高于空旷地 ,其值为 87% ;季风常绿阔叶林年蒸散力为987.50 mm,湿润指数为 0 .96;季风常绿阔叶林土壤表层温度日变化不及空旷地显著 ;无论是季风常绿阔叶林 ,还是空旷地 ,土壤温度在春、夏季节自上而下逐步降低 ,在秋、冬季节自上而下逐步升高。     

鼎湖山亚热带季风常绿阔叶林的生物量和光能利用效率

报道鼎湖山自然保护区黄果厚壳桂群落的生物量、生产力和光能利用效率。根据群落的种类成分和结构特征,分层选主要树种,用样本收获法和红外线ＣＯ２气体分析法,测定了群落的生物量、光合速率和呼吸速率,计算了群落的生产力和光能利用效率．结果表明,群落的生物量为２０８ｔ·ｈｍ－２;总生产力为１２８７０４ｋＪ·ｍ－３·ａ－１,净生产力为３０４５１ｋＪ·ｍ－２·ａ－１;由总生产力计算光合有效辐射能的吸收利用率为９,６６％,净生产力的利用率为２．２８６％,并与厚壳桂群落作比较,阐明了南亚热带森林群落的生产潜力．     

鼎湖山桫椤的繁殖栽培

桫椤为国家一级保护植物,分布于我国台湾、福建、海南、广东、广西、贵州、四川、云南、西藏等省区（１）,在我国最北可达北纬３０°,海拔２５０—７５０ｍ的静风、高湿、荫蔽的生境中．鼎湖山自然生长的桫椤已人为砍伐殆尽,为保存植物的种质资源,恢复鼎湖山为华南植物种于基因库的作用,进行了桫椤的引种和孢子繁殖栽培,并模拟高湿、荫蔽的生境建立自然的生态群落进行就地保护．     

鼎湖山森林群落演替之研究

鼎湖山森林群落在自然状态下遵循一定的客观规律向更优化的气候顶极群落演变。本文分析其1955年至1989年(35年)来的演替结果,总结出鼎湖山森林群落演替的进程和模式,进一步应用植物群落演替系统的线性模型和非线性模型对演替进程进行定量研究,并做出相应的演替进程的数量预测。     

鼎湖山针阔叶混交林冠层下方CO2通量及其环境响应

精确估算典型森林生态系统冠层下方CO2通量（Fcb）对验证陆地生态系统碳平衡模型具有重要意义。采用开路涡度相关法对鼎湖山针阔叶混交林Fcb进行定位测定,根据1周年数据分析Fcb及其对环境要素的响应特征,结果表明：（1）白天Fcb呈下降趋势表明地表植被全年具有光合能力,但总体上地表植被和土壤表现为CO2排放源;（2）Van’tHoff方程、Arrhenius方程和Lloyd-Taylor方程均可以较好反映土壤温度（Ts）与Fcb的关系,其中仅Lloyd-Talor方程能够反映温度因子敏感性指标Q10随温度的变异性特征;（3）Lloyd-Talor方程模拟的Fcb完全由Ts控制,而连乘模型由Ts和土壤水分（Ms）控制,可以反映水热条件的综合影响,对Fcb具有更强的拟合能力;（4）在Ms较大时连乘模型对Fcb的估算高于Lloyd-Talor方程,反之在干旱时段连乘模型模拟结果低于Lloyd-Talor方程,表明当存在水分胁迫时,Ms可以成为影响Fcb的主导因子;（5）2003年鼎湖山针阔叶混交林Fcb总量（（787.4±296.8）gCm^-2a^-1）比静态箱-气相色谱法测得的土壤呼吸偏低17%。与箱式法相比,涡度相关法通量测定结果普遍存在偏低估算现象。     

Below-canopy CO2 flux and its environmental response characteristics in a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Dinghushan, China

Accurate estimation of below-canopy CO₂ flux (Fcb) in typical forest ecosystems is of great importance to validate terrestrial carbon balance models. Continuous eddy covariance measurements of Fcb were conducted in a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest located in Dinghushan Nature Reserve of South China. Using year-round data, Fcb dynamics and its environmental response were analyzed, and the results mainly showed that: (1) Fcb decreased during daytime which indicated that the understory of the forest continued photosynthesis throughout the year; however, understory and soil acted as CO₂ source as a whole. (2) Using soil temperature (Ts) as a dependent variable, all of Van’t Hoff equation, Arrhenius equation and Lloyd-Taylor equation can explain a considerable variation of Fcb. Among those three equations Lloyd-Taylor equation is the best to reflect the relationship between soil respiration and temperature for its ability in revealing the variation of Q₁₀ with temperature. (3) Fcb derived from Lloyd-Taylor equation is utterly determined by Ts, while Fcb derived from the multiplicative model is driven by Ts and soil moisture (Ms). The multiplicative model can reflect the synthetic effect of Ts and Ms; therefore it explains more Fcb variations than Lloyd-Taylor equation does. (4)Fcb derived from the multiplicative model was higher than that from Lloyd-Taylor equation when Ms was relatively high; on the contrary, Fcb derived from the multiplicative model was lower than that from Lloyd-Taylor equation when Ms was low, indicating that Ms might be a main factor affecting Fcb when the ecosystem is stressed by low-moisture. (5) Annual Fcb of the forest in 2003 was estimated as (787.4±296.8) gCm^-2a^-1, which was 17% lower than soil respiration measured by statistic chamber method. CO₂ flux measured by eddy covariance is often underestimated, and further study therefore calls for emphasis on methods quantifying Fcb components of respiration of soil, as well as respiration and photosynthesis of understory vegetations.     

Litterfall Production Along Successional and Altitudinal Gradients of Subtropical Monsoon Evergreen Broadleaved Forests in Guangdong, China

Evaluation of litterfall production is important for understanding nutrient cycling, forest growth, successional pathways, and interactions with environmental variables in forest ecosystems. Litterfall was intensively studied during the period of 1982–2001 in two subtropical monsoon vegetation gradients in the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, China. The two gradients include: (1) a successional gradient composed of pine forest (PF), mixed pine and broadleaved forest (MF) and monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest (BF), and (2) an altitudinal gradient composed of Baiyunci ravine rain forest (BRF), Qingyunci ravine rain forest (QRF), BF and mountainous evergreen broadleaved forest (MMF). Mean annual litterfall production was 356, 861 and 849 g m⁻² for PF, MF and BF of the successional gradient, and 1016, 1061, 849 and 489 g m⁻² for BRF, QRF, BF and MMF of the altitudinal gradient, respectively. As expected, mean annual litterfall of the pioneer forest PF was the lowest, but rapidly increased over the observation period while those in other forests were relatively stable, confirming that forest litterfall production is closely related to successional stages and growth patterns. Leaf proportions of total litterfall in PF, MF, BF, BRF, QRF and MMF were 76.4%, 68.4%, 56.8%, 55.7%, 57.6% and 69.2%, respectively, which were consistent with the results from studies in other evergreen broadleaved forests. Our analysis on litterfall monthly distributions indicated that litterfall production was much higher during the period of April to September compared to other months for all studied forest types. Although there were significant impacts of some climate variables (maximum and effective temperatures) on litterfall production in some of the studied forests, the mechanisms of how climate factors (temperature and rainfall) interactively affect litterfall await further study.