纳络酮对东方蝾螈胚胎表皮传导的阻断作用

在胚胎发育的一定时期,表皮细胞呈现较强的β-内啡肽阳性免疫反应,而这时期正是表皮传导最活跃的时期。为了探索胚胎表皮传导和β-内啡肽-类阿片样多肽之间是否有关系,本实验采用纳络酮处理,发现表皮传导消失,待纳络酮作用消除后,表皮传导现象又再出现,说明纳络酮在胚胎表皮细胞传导中起了阻断的作用。     

NPY样免疫反应在蝾螈发育过程中神经系统的定位研究

By immuno-cytochemical method the localization of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the nervous system during embryonic development of Cynops orientalis was studied. The results revealed that NPY was first localized in the peripheral nervous system (late tail-bud stage), and later appeared in the central nervous system (larval stage) where it appeared with the appearance of glial cells. Very probably with the migration of neural crest cells NPY appeared first in the peripheral nervous system and then distributed to the central nervous system.     

蝾螈胚胎表皮细胞膜的静息电位,输入电阻与其兴奋性的关系

用微电极细胞内记录技术研究了东方蝾螈胚胎表皮细胞膜的静电位、输入电阻与其兴奋性的关系,在兴奋性形成期间正常胚胎表皮细胞的静息膜电位逐渐增大,膜的输入电阻逐渐减小。与不显示兴奋性的离体非典型胚胎表皮细胞相比,显示兴奋性的膜电位较高,膜电阻较低。用葡萄糖处理非典型表皮,在兴奋性出现同时,细胞膜超极化,膜电阻减小。用哇巴因处理表皮囊泡,在兴奋性消失同时,细胞膜去极化。结果表明,细胞能量供应不足所造成的膜     

大曲酒微生物区系的初步研究

通过对四个酒厂发酵料的分离、培养,共获得霉菌５６种;细菌３４种;酵母菌２１种;放线菌３种。确定了优势菌株。发现在大曲酒发酵过程中,微生物数量在不同发酵期里规律变化。     

潮汕蝾螈的求偶行为

潮汕蝾螈(Cynops orphicus)是我国特有的濒危有尾两栖类,繁殖季节始于5月中旬。对其求偶行为观察发现,该螈求偶模式表现出与东方蝾螈(C.orientalis)相似的特点,但雄性扇尾和潜行时间(25~37 s)较东方蝾螈(10~20 s)更长;雄性在一次求偶中多次排精,雌性亦可多次纳精,精子囊形态与东方蝾螈类同;雌性纳精后,雄性反转咬住其腹部,被咬雌性呈现植物态。纳精过后,雌性出现暂时的冷漠或恐惧,不再接受雄性求偶。该螈成功纳精在累次求偶行为中占比不高(2.7%),但较东方蝾螈(1.1%)成功率高。雄性之间存在求偶过程中的竞争和干扰行为。     

影响有尾类离体胚胎表皮细胞兴奋性的实验

用常规电生理细胞内记录技术了解了影响蝾螈胚胎非典型表皮细胞兴奋性的一些因素。1.小牛血清、蝾螈胚胎内胚层和肌节中胚层、非洲爪蟾胚胎外胚层及嫁接于受体胚胎都提高非典型表皮显示动作电位样品的百分比。血清琼脂包饺子的作用较培养在含血清溶液明显。内、外胚层的作用更为明显。嫁接于受体胚胎的非典型表皮百分之百地显示兴奋性。2.血清、内、中、外胚层及嫁接于受体胚胎都降低表皮细胞的刺激阈值。各处理组的平均阈值均低于对照组,其巾嫁接于受体胚胎的非典型表皮细胞最低,接近于正常胚胎的表皮细胞。3.血清琼脂块和内胚层包饺子的实验表明,影响兴奋性的因素必须始终与表皮细胞保持接触,才‘能产生作用。一旦脱离接触,其作用就逐渐消失。4.胚胎表皮细胞兴奋性的产生不依赖于外来因素,是一种自主的功能分化。但是外来因素能使培养的表皮细胞的兴奋性增强,对低强度的刺激产生兴奋。这种外来因素可能是一些非专一性的与代谢有关的物质。     

中国铁角蕨科资料(二)

本种形体近似狭鳞巢蕨N.grevillei(Wall.)J.Sm,但根状茎上的鳞片卵状长圆形,叶柄两侧无翅,孢子囊群较短,不达叶片边缘,可资识别。     

Exogeneous energy supply and excitability of cells in embryonic atypical epidermis of Cynops cultured in vitro

Cells of in vitro cultured epidermis explants of ectoderm isolated at early gastrula stage,showed only weak excitability or even non-excitable at 6V when examined electrophysiologically.If non-excitable explants were treated with 100 mM glucose,the action potential (AP) appeared and within 1 hr reached its maximum.At the same time,their stimulus threshold became lowered gradually.And,if the glucose was washed out,AP gradually disappeared.If explants were treated with glucose of different concentrations,the percentage of explants which displayed AP increased with the increase of glucose concentration.When explants with approximately the same original stimulus threshold were treated with glucose of different concentrations,the stimulus threshold became lowered more in the more concentrated solution.If explants with different original stimulus thresholds were treated with glucose of the same concentration,the lowering of stimulus threshold was more obvious in those with higher original stimulus threshold.Other energy supplying substances used showed similar effect.     

中国疣螈属一新亚种

对采自河南省大别山区商城县的一种蝾螈科标本进行形态特征比较,发现与文县疣螈Tylototriton wenxianensis 相似,但存在明显差异;经与文县疣螈等4种蝾螈进行12S mt DNA部分序列比对,显示其与文县疣螈的遗传分化已达亚种级水平,因此定为1新亚种,文县疣螈大别亚种Tylototriton wenxianensis dabienicus ssp.nov..新亚种的主要鉴别特征为:头长远大于头宽;4肢较短,前后肢贴体相对指、趾端不相遇;前肢前伸,指末端达眼前角;泄殖腔孔周缘橘红色.     

禽类饲用芽孢杆菌的筛选及固体发酵条件优化

筛选得到3株适用作为禽类饲料添加剂的枯草芽孢杆菌,分别命名为B395、B605和BM1。该3株菌株均能够在42℃正常生长,能抑制大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌,且能耐受0.3%胆盐,能产生淀粉酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶。通过饲喂试验,观察到菌剂组可明显促进肉鸡生长,有效降低料肉比。选取B395作为试验菌株,以培养后活菌数为指标,得到其最佳固体发酵条件为麦麸∶稻糠为3∶2、葡萄糖0.5%、尿素2%、KH2PO40.5%,含水量45%、接种量5%、温度37℃、培养时间3d。按上述培养条件,对B395进行培养,摇瓶式发酵可使活菌数可达到(1.3±0.1)×1010CFU/g,浅盘式发酵可使活菌数达到(1.3-1.4)×1010CFU/g;并对B605和BM1进行培养,得到活菌数均超过109CFU/g。