Redescription of the Chengjiang arthropod Squamacula clypeata Hou and Bergström, from the Lower Cambrian, south-west China

The anatomy of the arthropod Squamacula clypeata Hou and Bergström, 1997 from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagersta¨tte is redescribed based on four newly excavated specimens. The new material was collected from localities recently discovered in the Kunming area, Yunnan Province, south-west China, and preserves remarkable details of the ventral morphology, revealed by preparation. Squamacula clypeata is dorsoventrally flattened and rounded in outline. The cephalon was covered by a wide, short shield, with a large doublure and a pair of uniramous antennae on the ventral side. The thorax consists of nine somites, each protected by a tergite and carrying at least one pair of biramous limbs. The pygidium is covered with a small rounded tergum. The endopod is segmented, equipped with short spines on the inner margin of the coxa and a claw-like structure distally, and the exopod flap-like, fringed with setae. The limbs in the pygidium are like those in the thorax in shape. Squamacula was most probably a nektobenthic predator. The spinose endopod could walk, grasp and grind. The large flap-like exopod was adapted for swimming and respiration. Its affinities lie with the Arachnomorpha, but the relationships with other known taxa remain ambiguous.     

Object-oriented graphical modeling of FMSs

Presented in the article is a method for constructing a graphical model of an FMS by using a new modeling tool called JR-net (Job Resource relation-net). JR-net is an object-oriented graphical tool for modeling automated manufacturing systems (AMSs), such as FMSs, FASs, and AS/RSs. As with the object-oriented modeling paradigm of Rumbaugh et al. (1991), the JR-net modeling framework supports the three stages of models: static layout model (object model); job flow model (functional model); and supervisory control model (dynamic model). In this article, the existing JR-net structure (Park 1992, Han et al., 1995) is extended further to make it a graphical tool for FMS modeling. Using the extended JR-net, a step-by-step procedure for constructing a graphical model of FMSs is presented. Also addressed are issues of classifying FMSs in terms of their generic functions and of utilizing the JR-net model of FMSs.     

生长特性差别的胃癌MGC803细胞亚系间细胞骨架、细胞通讯与癌基因表达的比较研究

肿瘤细胞表型差异是临床药物敏感性、抗原性、转移性、潜伏性和进展速度等差异的主要原因。为了弄清恶性表型差别的表现、相关性及调节机理、我们从胃癌MGC 803系分离了单细胞亚系,各亚系按克隆过程的时间差别归纳分组,选快组M 17、中组M 6和慢组M 3进行比较。软琼脂生长实验表明三者的恶性程度有显著差别;M17恶性度最高,M3最低,M6居中。与其它表型联系比较,证明细胞生长速度、细胞微丝、微管骨架破坏及细胞通讯功能抑制都与锚着不依赖性生长的恶性特征有平行相关性。同时,M 17和M 3原癌基因表达有明显差别。     

中国人促红细胞生成素cDNA的克隆及其在COS—7细胞中的表达

利用PCR技术,以中国人促红细胞生成素(EPO)次全基因组为模板,进行了基因修补和重组,克隆出EPO cDNA全序列。同时发现中国人EPO cDNA与国外的克隆比较有一个核苷酸的差异,导致第62位氨基酸是丝氨酸,不是亮氨酸。将人EPO cDNA基因插入表达载体pSV2-dhfr中的不同克隆位点,构建了6种不同的转移载体质粒,即pSV2-dhfr/F1,pSV2/N2,pSV2-dhfr/F3,pSV2-dhfr/P4,pSV2-dhfr/G1和pSV2-dhfr/G3。将它们分别转染导入COS-7细胞,结果表明6种转移载体质粒转染的细胞上清液都有明显的EPO活性。人EPO cDNA基因转移载体质粒在COS-7细胞中的表达水平高于人次全EPO基因组转移载体质粒。     

Poplar (Populus nigra L.) plants transformed with aBacillus thuringiensis toxin gene: insecticidal activity and genomic analysis

Insect-resistant poplar (Populus nigra L.) plants have been produced by infecting leaves withAgrobacterium tumefaciens strains carrying a binary vector containing different truncated forms of aBacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) toxin gene under a duplicated CaMV 35S promoter. Putative transgenic plants were propagated by cuttings at two experimental farms (in Beijing and Xinjiang, China). At 2–3 years after transformation, 17 of them were selected on the bases of insect-tolerance and good silvicultural traits, and evaluated for insect resistance, for the presence of theB.t. toxin DNA fragment (Southern blots and PCR) and for the expression of the transgene (western and northern blots). Somaclonal variation, as suggested by the appearance of permanent changes in the shape of the leaves, was also investigated with molecular tools (RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and microsatellite DNA).Bioassays withApochemia cineraius andLymantria dispar on the leaves of the selected clones showed different and, in some cases, high levels of insecticidal activity. The molecular analysis demonstrated integration and expression of the foreign gene. Somatic changes were correlated to extensive genomic changes and were quantified in dendrograms, in terms of genomic similarity. The analysis of control plants suggested that genomic changes were correlated to thein vitro culture step necessary forA. tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer, rather than to the integration of the foreign genes.Three transgenic clones (12, 153 and 192), selected for insect resistance, reduced morphological changes and promising silvicultural traits, are now under large-scale field evaluation in six different provinces in China.     

硒对培养人胚肝细胞Ⅲ型前胶原,羟脯氨酸合成的影响

原代培养人胚肝细胞经１．１５６×１０￣(－７）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硒预处理４ｈ,加入２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ四氟化碳作用２０ｈ,观察硒对其Ⅲ型前胶原（ＰＣⅢ）和羟脯氨酸（Ｈｙｐ）生成的影响。结果培养液中ＰＣⅢ水平、细胞内Ｈｙｐ含量及细胞内外丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）水平均降低,与未加硒对照组比较差别有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而硒谷腕甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）活性则较对照组显著增高（Ｐ＜０．００１）,且ＰＣⅢ水平与Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐ＿Ｘ／ＭＤＡ比值呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．９１５６,Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示硒可提高Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－Ｐ＿Ｘ／ＭＤＡ比值,抑制脂质过氧化激发的肝细胞胶原合成。     

炎症介质在内毒素引起大鼠肠系膜血管床降钙素基因相关肽释放中的作用

本研究在离体大鼠肠系膜血管床灌流模型上,采用特异放免法测定灌流液中的降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）,观察几种常见炎症介质在内毒素引起ＣＧＲＰ释放中的作用。结果显示：前列腺素合成酶抑制剂地塞米松、布洛芬与消炎痛,缓激肽受体Ｂ２拮抗剂ＨＯＥ１４０,血小板激活因子拮抗剂ＷＥＢ２０８６,组胺Ｈ１受体拮抗剂苯海拉明以及和组胺Ｈ２受体拮抗剂西咪替丁,均能明显抑剂制内毒素引起的ＣＧＲＰ释放,５羟色胺受体拮抗剂ＩＣＳ２０５９３０却无明显作用。从而提示：内毒素引起ＣＧＲＰ释放是通过炎症介质前列腺素、缓激肽、血小板激活因子和组胺介导的,阻断或减少炎症介质的产生可望减轻内毒素血症时ＣＧＲＰ的过量释放。     

SH－SY5Y细胞胞内钙库特性研究

运用单细胞显微荧光测量技术测量了单个ＳＨ—ＳＹ５Ｙ细胞内游离钙离子浓度的变化。首次报道了ＳＨ—ＳＹ５Ｙ细胞内存在毒蕈碱敏感而非咖啡因敏感的钙库,并研究了它的动力学特征。Ｎ￣￣Ｃ￣ｈｅｔｗＭａｄＵｇｈ＊ＴＯｗｈｏｍＣｂ￣ｐｏｎｄｅｎｅｅｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅ￣．     

鸡胚血液中原始生殖细胞的分离及其培养的研究

从孵化４８～５５小时鸡胚中抽取血液,每只胚胎可获血液２～６μｌ左右。一步法离心分离原始生殖细胞,可使其浓度由０．１％以下提高到５０％以上。将多余血细胞用微量吸管移走后,加入添加１０％胎牛血清的ＴＣＭ—１９９做为培养基,３７．５℃,５％ＣＯ２,９５％空气,饱和湿度下培养,原始生殖细胞可成活２４小时左右。