烟草品种、育苗方式和烟蚜来源对烟蚜茧蜂寄生能力的影响

【目的】本研究旨在筛选出适合烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis寄生烟蚜Myzus persicae的烟草品种、育苗方式和烟蚜来源,为烟蚜茧蜂人工繁殖和复壮提供科学参考。【方法】采用盆栽法,调查了不同烟草品种(云烟87、K326、翠碧1号和红花大金元)繁殖烟蚜若蚜、不同来源烟蚜(来自烟区、来自非烟区和室内繁殖种群)若蚜和烟草不同育苗方式(土壤育苗和湿润育苗)繁殖烟蚜若蚜时,烟蚜茧蜂成蜂对烟蚜若蚜的寄生率以及成蜂羽化率、寿命、体型大小和雌蜂比。【结果】结果表明,不同烟草品种繁殖烟蚜若蚜对烟蚜茧蜂成蜂寄生率存在显著影响。其中,在红花大金元和翠碧1号繁殖烟蚜上的烟蚜茧蜂成蜂寄生率分别比在K326繁殖烟蚜上的烟蚜茧蜂成蜂寄生率高19.00%和14.00%,但对烟蚜茧蜂的其他指标没有显著影响;不同烟蚜来源对烟蚜茧蜂寄生率也存在显著影响,其中,烟蚜茧蜂成蜂对非烟区烟蚜若蚜和烟区烟蚜若蚜的寄生率比对室内繁殖种群烟蚜若蚜的寄生率分别高20.25%和16.75%,但对烟蚜茧蜂成蜂的羽化率、寿命、体型大小和雌蜂比没有显著影响;烟草不同育苗方式对烟蚜茧蜂成蜂的寄生率无显著影响。【结论】烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜...     

湿地松木质部和针叶松脂合成基因分析

为挖掘湿地松(Pinus elliottii)松脂合成相关的基因,对不同采脂期的木质部和针叶进行高通量转录组测序,与火炬松(Pinus taeda)参考基因组进行比对,共获得了68 211条unigenes,546 356 450条clean reads,平均比对率达90.21%。将不同时期木质部、木质部与针叶间进行两两对比,以P＜0.05,|log₂FoldChange|＞1.0为标准来筛选差异基因,并进行GO和KEGG富集分析。结果表明,参与萜类物质合成的差异基因有133个,其中大部分富集在MEP途径,从差异基因中挑选8个产脂相关的候选基因进行RT-qPCR验证,确定HMGR、DXS、TPS、ABC转运蛋白基因与产脂存在关联性。通过转录组测序与分析,挖掘出133个参与松脂萜类物质合成相关的差异基因,其中萜烯合酶基因(TPS)和ABC转运基因在正调控萜类物质合成中发挥关键作用。     

口岸检疫性蚧类害虫疫情截获分析

【目的】了解我国口岸截获的检疫性蚧类害虫情况,为口岸进一步做好植物检疫工作提供参考。【方法】收集整理2010—2019年口岸截获蚧类害虫数据,重点统计分析被截获蚧类害虫种类、时间、数量、寄主、来源地的变化和关系。【结果】2010—2019年,我国各口岸共截获检疫性蚧类害虫24541种次,年截获种次总体呈上升的趋势。截获检疫性蚧类害虫共有12种,截获频率最高的3种为无花果蜡蚧、松突圆蚧和扶桑绵粉蚧。截获该类害虫数量最多的3个关区为深圳关、南宁关和上海关。货物检疫为主要截获途径,主要截获寄主植物为榴梿、香蕉、红毛丹、番荔枝。截获货物来源地为除南极洲以外六大洲的49个国家或地区,其中尤以东南亚为主,代表国家包括泰国、越南和菲律宾。【结论】蚧类害虫的截获与进口水果贸易密切相关,在相关贸易量不断增加的背景下,应警惕蚧类害虫疫情持续传入我国的风险,建议有关部门进一步完善检疫管理体系,提升检测和监测技术水平,加强检疫处置能力。     

厉螨科－新属及二新种（蜱螨亚纲：革螨股）

本文记述厉螨科一新属,邓厉螨属Ｔｅｎｇｉｌａｅｌａｐｓｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ,其主要特征;角化较强,体毛壮,背毛２９对;颚角粗钝,具纵裂;头盖尖角形;胸板六角形,各角均尖突;殖腹板毛１对;各足股、膝节上均具长毛、模式种为天牛邓厉螨,新种Ｔｅｎｇｉｌａｅｌａｐｓｃｅｒａｍｂｙｃｉｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。另一新种为副单阳厉螨ＡｎｄｒｏｌａｅｌａｐｓＰａｒａｓｉｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。模式标本均采自云南省的甲虫体上。     

中国土厉螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：厉螨科）

本文记述中国土厉螨属１新种,王氏土厉螨Ｏｌｏｌａｅｌｅｐｓｗａｎｇｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,新种的模式标本保存在宁夏回族自治区地方病防治所。     

The size distribution of insertions and deletions in human and rodent pseudogenes suggests the logarithmic gap penalty for sequence alignment

The size distributions of deletions, insertions, and indels (i.e., insertions or deletions) were studied, using 78 human processed pseudogenes and other published data sets. The following results were obtained: (1) Deletions occur more frequently than do insertions in sequence evolution; none of the pseudogenes studied shows significantly more insertions than deletions. (2) Empirically, the size distributions of deletions, insertions, and indels can be described well by a power law, i.e., f _k = Ck ^–b , where f _k is the frequency of deletion, insertion, or indel with gap length k, b is the power parameter, and C is the normalization factor. (3) The estimates of b for deletions and insertions from the same data set are approximately equal to each other, indicating that the size distributions for deletions and insertions are approximately identical. (4) The variation in the estimates of b among various data sets is small, indicating that the effect of local structure exists but only plays a secondary role in the size distribution of deletions and insertions. (5) The linear gap penalty, which is most commonly used in sequence alignment, is not supported by our analysis; rather, the power law for the size distribution of indels suggests that an appropriate gap penalty is w _k = a + b ln k, where a is the gap creation cost and blnk is the gap extension cost. (6) The higher frequency of deletion over insertion suggests that the gap creation cost of insertion (a _i ) should be larger than that of deletion (a _d ); that is, a _i – a _d = In R, where R is the frequency ratio of deletions to insertions. Correspondence to: W.-H. Li     

一种水稻卷叶性状的遗传分析

对水稻卷叶品种流岗卷叶粳与4个平展叶品种及1个卷叶标志基因(rl3)系的杂交或回交后代进行了考察。结果表明,流岗卷叶粳的卷叶特性以单基因不完全显性方式遗传; 该基因与rl3基因不等位,当rl3位点处于隐性纯合时两者以累加方式发生互作。这一等位基因可作标志基因使用,暂定名为Rl(t)。 Abstract:Liugangjuanyejing is a rolled leaf mutant of rice.A genetic study on the rolled-leaf character was carried out by crossing it with four flat-leaf cultivars and a genetic marker line (with a rolled-leaf allele rl3).The results showed that this character was controlled by an incomplete dominant gene which was non-allelic to rl3 locus and that there existed additive effect between the two loci when the rl3 locus was homozygous recessiveness.This new rolled-leaf allele was provisionally named as Rl(t) and could be used as a genetic marker of rice.     

银川异伊螨新种记述（蜱螨亚纲：犹伊螨科）

本文记述一新种,即银川异伊螨。标本采自银川市日本埋葬虫体上,文中列表比较了相近种长沟异伊螨和玉溪异伊螨的区别。