The origin of a novel kind of reassortant (H1N2) of influenza A virus

Genetic analysis of three H1N2 viruses indicated that only HA genes of H1N2 viruses were similar to that of A/Guangdong/6/91(H1N1) virus (PR8-like strain), while the other seven genes of them were similar to those of H3N2 virus circulating in man in 1995. Therefore, it could be considered that the H1N2 viruses were derived from reassortment between PR8-like strain and H3N2 virus circulating in man in 1995. However, the genomes of H1N2 viruses were very similar to each other. So the H1N2 viruses isolated in 1998 were not derived from new reassortment between PR8-like strain and H3N2 virus circulating in man in 1998, but derived from the evolution of H1N2 virus found in 1995.     

深圳市龙华地区城镇用地动态模型建设及模拟研究

在１９８８～１９９６年时段景面遥感制的基础上,利用细胞自组织模型对深圳市龙华地区城镇成区的动态变化过程进行了模拟研究。模型其选择了高程,城率、限最近干线公路的生趣距离,斑块相邻度指数和形状指数等５个变量参与非域镇用地单元的综合转移概率计算,利用１９８８～１９９０年的城镇扩张结果确定不同变量的权重参数,利用１９９２、１９９４和１９６年的数据进行模型验证。结果表明,细胞自组织模型可以很好地反映模拟起始     

犬瘟热病毒细胞膜受体的鉴定

犬瘟热病毒（ＣＤＶ）敏感细胞Ｖｅｒｏ用ＳＤＳ或ＲＩＰＡ溶解缓冲液溶解,利用病毒铺覆蛋白印迹技术（ＶＯＰＢＡ）鉴定犬瘟热病毒疫苗株（ＣＤＶ－ｏｎｄｅｓｔｅｐｏｏｒｔ）的细胞受体。结果发现,在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上有两组ＣＤＶ结合蛋白质,即高分子量组蛋白质（１２７ｋＤ、１２０ｋＤ、１１０ｋＤ）与低分子量组蛋白质（２７ｋＤ和３０ｋＤ）。这些ＣＤＶ结合蛋白组分的性质及在ＣＤＶ致病中的作用有等进一步研究。     

草原地区不同生态类型的植物生理特性的比较研究

比较研究了４种不同水分生态型植物在不同水分胁迫下的光合作用、叶片含水量和气孔阻力等生理指标的反应。结果表明,不同水分生态型植物抵御干旱的机制是不同的。中生植物主要是通过增加气孔阻力限制蒸腾失水,而旱生植物则依靠高浓度的细胞原生质减少水分的散失,后者保水效率远高于前者。植物从中生种到旱生种,生理特性亦显示出规律性的种间差异,叶片含水量和气孔阻力水平降低,而单位叶面积的净光合速率增加。     

甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因转化小麦及其表达

采用基因枪法将山菠菜甜菜碱醛脱氢酶 (BADH)基因导入小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .)品种 ,并且得以表达。该基因由玉米Ubi1启动子控制。在盐胁迫条件下 ,多数转基因植株叶片的BADH活性比受体亲本提高 1～ 3倍 ,部分植株相对电导率比亲本明显低 ,表明转基因植株的细胞膜在胁迫时有受损较轻倾向。PCR和Southern杂交分析证实外源BADH基因已插入小麦基因组 ,平均转化频率为 4.1%。     

施氮量对冬小麦根际土壤酶活性的影响

在大田高产条件下,研究了不同施氮水平对大穗型小麦品种兰考矮早八和多穗型小麦品种豫麦49-198根际土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:两种穗型冬小麦品种根际土壤酶活性随生育进程的变化趋势一致,即蛋白酶、脲酶及脱氢酶活性均呈先升后降的变化趋势;过氧化氢酶活性随生育进程的推进逐渐增加,在成熟期达到最大值.在同生育时期内,随着施氮水平的提高,土壤蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶及脱氢酶活性均呈先增后降的变化趋势,以180 kg N·hm-2施氮水平的活性最高;脲酶活性则随施氮水平的提高而上升,在360 kg N·hm-2施氮水平下达到最高.     

RT-PCR检测蓝舌病毒技术的建立

蓝舌病毒(Bluetongue Virus,BTV)是呼肠孤病毒科(Reoviridae)环状病毒属(Orbivirus)的代表种,含10个节段的双链RNA(dsRNA)作基因组.其中,L2节段编码BTV型特异性抗原VP2,L3节段和S7节段编码群特异性抗原多肽VP3和VP7.其中,VP7是BTV粒子的主要结构多肽之一,其编码基因序列保守.VP7具有高度的抗原性,能刺激被感机体产生强的群特异性免疫反应[1].     

蓝舌病毒HbC3株诱导人肝癌细胞Hep-3B的凋亡

采用MTT法检测BTV-HbC3对Hep-3B细胞的增殖抑制作用,流式细胞术检测BTV-HbC3诱导Hep-3B细胞的凋亡情况,透射电镜观察感染BTV-HbC3的Hep-3B细胞超微结构变化.结果表明BTV-HbC3对Hep-3B细胞具有抑制效应,并呈浓度和时间依赖性;BTV-HbC3作用下Hep-3B细胞呈现凋亡特征;BTV-HbC3能有效感染人肝癌细胞株Hep-3B,并在其中有限地复制,同时抑制该细胞增殖,诱导其进入凋亡.本研究证实了蓝舌病毒HbC3株对人肝癌细胞Hep-3B的杀伤及其诱导凋亡作用,结合本室已反复证实该病毒不感染人源正常细胞的事实,提示了该病毒具有抗人肝癌之潜能.     

ZFP161基因与中国高度近视人群的相关性研究

为了探讨ZFP161基因与高度近视的相关性,从而寻找高度近视的致病基因,以来自不同地区和家系的中国单纯性高度近视先证者204例和排除高度近视及相关疾病的正常人116例为材料,采用PCR-SSCP法检测病例组及正常人群外周血白细胞基因组DNA中ZFP161基因2个外显子是否存在基因突变,对存在突变的外显子区域经克隆测序后确定变异性质,结合对照组及家系分析确定ZFP161基因突变与高度近视的相关性。结果表明：1.ZFP161基因内含子1第58号碱基前存在AT序列插入突变,即IVS1 58～59突变(1/204),该突变仅存在于高度近视先证者中;2.ZFP161基因外显子2的第168号碱基由C颠换为A,即Ala56Ala突变(Codon56 GCC→GCA, Ala56Ala)(5/204),该突变存在于正常人群中（3/116）,亦存在于患者的正常亲属中;结合正常对照和家系分析,初步排除ZFP161基因与中国单纯性高度近视之间的相关性。Abstract: To investigate the association between variations of ZFP161 gene and high myopia, A total of 204 probands with simple high myopia(≤-6.0 dipoters) were collected while 116 normal persons from different families without high myopia or related disease were used as controls. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral leucocytes. The coding sequences of ZFP161 gene in 320 subjects were analyzed by using exon-by-exon PCR-heteroduplex-SSCP analysis. Identification of the Variations by cloning and sequencing, combinated with controls and family analysis, was used to disclose the correlation between ZFP161 gene and high myopia. A mutation of ZFP161 gene was identified as an insertion of AT before the 58th nucleotide of intron 1 (IVS1 58-59)(1/204) and a variation of ZFP161 gene was identified as a heterozygous C to A of the 168th nucleotide in exon 2 (Codon56, GCC→GCA, Ala56Ala). Ala56Ala is a non-sense mutation identified in 5 of the 204 patients and 3 of 116 controls. No evidence shows that these variations are responsible for high myopia.     

马拉硫磷对中华稻蝗种群遗传结构的作用

将中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)注射1.5g/L的马拉硫磷,24h后死亡率为56%。用等位酶电泳确定死亡与存活个体在多态性基因座Pgm和Me上的基因型,并比较各基因型的死亡率差异。结果表明：在Pgm基因座上,马拉硫磷对具有不同基因型的中华稻蝗个体存在选择性致死作用,但是在Me基因座上未观察到类似选择性致死作用。在基因座Pgm上,Pgm-ab 基因型个体死亡率最高（80%）,Pgm-bb和Pgm-bc基因型个体死亡率最低（49%）,低于平均死亡率。卡方检验表明,基因型Pgm-bb和Pgm-cc的死亡率之间存在显著差异。在存活个体中,等位基因Pgm-b的频率显著增加。基于Roger’s遗传距离的聚类分析表明,马拉硫磷的急性致死作用会导致中华稻蝗种群遗传组成的变化。马拉硫磷是蝗虫防治中常用的杀虫剂,研究显示,不同基因型在死亡率上的差异也可能存在于田间。 Abstract: Allozyme electrophoresis was employed to compare the difference in mortality among the genotypes at two polymorphic loci of Pgm and Me of grasshopper Oxya chinensis individuals acutely exposed to 1.5g/L malathion which resulted in 56% mortality in 24 hours. The selective lethal effects were observed among the genotypes at Pgm locus but not at Me locus. It is noted that the genotype Pgm-ab experienced the highest mortality (80%), whereas Pgm-bb and Pgm-bc were 49%, lower than the average. The χ2 tests showed significant difference in morality between Pgm-bb and Pgm-cc. After exposure the allele frequency of Pgm-b showed a notable increase among surviving individuals. The cluster analysis based on Roger’s genetic distance indicated that the acute exposure to malathion can cause differentiation in genetic composition at population level in Oxya chinensis. Because malathion is commonly used as the insecticide for grasshopper control, the data obtained in this study suggest that the similar genotype-mortality effects may occur in crop fields.