核输入蛋白α/β真核表达载体的构建及细胞内定位

目的:构建带有myc标签的核输入蛋白(importin)α/β的真核表达载体,转染人胚肾293T细胞并分析其表达。方法:以乳腺癌文库为模板PCR扩增核输入蛋白α/β基因,扩增产物插入真核表达载体p XJ-40-myc,经双酶切和测序鉴定;将空载体与重组质粒分别转染人胚肾293T细胞,通过Western印迹和免疫荧光技术检测核输入蛋白α/β的表达。结果:酶切鉴定与测序结果表明构建的myc-Importinα/β真核表达载体正确;Western印迹检测到重组质粒在293T细胞中的表达;免疫荧光检测到核输入蛋白α定位于细胞质和细胞核,而核输入蛋白β定位于细胞核。结论:构建了核输入蛋白α/β的真核表达载体,并确定了其在细胞中的表达定位。     

带绿色荧光蛋白标签的人细胞分裂周期蛋白25同源蛋白的真核表达及其生物学功能研究

目的:构建带增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)标签的人细胞分裂周期蛋白25同源蛋白C(cdc25c)基因的真核表达载体pEGFP-cdc25c,并检测其在人胚肾293T细胞中的表达定位情况及生物学功能。方法:采用PCR技术从实验室已有质粒中扩增人cdc25c基因,并将其克隆到pEGFP-C1载体中;将重组质粒转染人胚肾293T细胞,Western印迹检测转染细胞的表达情况,荧光显微镜观察cdc25c蛋白在细胞中的定位,并利用cdc2 Tyr15位特异性抗体验证EGFP-cdc25c作为磷酸酯酶的生物学功能。结果:双酶切和测序鉴定表明,pEGFP-cdc25c真核表达质粒构建成功;转染293T细胞后获得表达,在荧光显微镜下,表达阳性的细胞呈绿色,并定位于细胞质;Western印迹结果表明,EGFP-cdc25c能增加cdc2 Tyr15位的磷酸化水平,起到拮抗内源性cdc25c的功能。结论:构建了带EGFP标签的人cdc25c基因真核表达载体,该载体能够在哺乳动物细胞293T中表达,表达产物定位于细胞质;EGFP-cdc25c能够发挥显性负性作用,为深入研究cdc25c的生物学功能奠定了重要基础。     

SCG10基因重组质粒的构建及蛋白表达和定位

目的构建SCG10真核表达载体并证实融合蛋白在细胞内表达及定位。方法以人胎脑cDNA文库为模板,PCR扩增SCG10全长编码基因,亚克隆至pEGFP-C1表达载体中。将构建的重组质粒测序并转染到人胚肾HEK293中,提取细胞蛋白进行Western blot检测。利用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜观察pEGFP-SCG10在HEK293细胞内定位。结果 SCG10全长基因序列克隆到了真核表达载体pEGFP-C1中,酶切鉴定片段大小540bp。Western blot检测到了融合蛋白表达,分子量约为48kD。pEGFP-SCG10在细胞内定位以细胞浆为主,在细胞核少量表达。结论成功构建了SCG10全长基因真核表达载体,pEGFP-SCG10蛋白主要定位于HEK293细胞浆内。     

小鼠紧密连接蛋白ZO-2 真核表达载体的构建和表达

目的:克隆小鼠紧密连接蛋白ZO-2(zonula occludens protein2)基因构建其真核表达载体,并验证其在293T细胞系中的表达,为进一步研究其功能奠定基础。方法:从小鼠淋巴结来源的cDNA中分三段分别扩增,通过基因克隆方法获得紧密连接蛋白ZO-2基因全长,连接至pMD-18T载体中,酶切测序正确后,插入pEGFP-C2载体中,构建真核表达载体pEGFP-C2-ZO2。酶切正确后,瞬时转染入293T细胞中,48h后荧光显微镜观察其绿色荧光GFP融合蛋白的表达,并用Western blot检测其在转染细胞中的蛋白水平表达。结果:通过酶切鉴定和测序结果证明成功克隆了ZO-2基因,western blot结果表明成功构建了真核表达载体pEGFP-C2-ZO2。结论:小鼠紧密连接蛋白ZO-2基因的获得和真核表达载体pEGFP-C2-ZO2的成功构建为下一步研究其生物学功能奠定了基础。     

人Notch信号通路中Jagged1基因的克隆与真核表达

[目的]克隆人Notch信号通路中配体Jagged1基因并进行真核表达。[方法]采用RT-PCR的方法从Hela细胞总RNA中获取Jagged1基因,并克隆至携带FLAG标签的真核表达载体pCMV-Tag4。经酶切、PCR和测序鉴定后,将重组质粒Jagged1-pCMV-Tag4瞬时转染HEK 293T细胞,通过Q-PCR和Western blot检测目的蛋白的表达。[结果]成功构建了真核表达质粒Jagged1-pCMV-Tag4并在HEK 293T细胞中瞬时表达。[结论]Jagged1在HEK 293T细胞中实现瞬时表达,为稳定表达和进一步研究Jagged1/Notch信号通路奠定基础。     

Perilipin5基因功能结构域载体的构建及亚细胞定位分析

目的:依据perilipin5的功能结构域,构建含perilipin5截断体的真核表达载体,并研究它们的亚细胞定位。方法:以小鼠肝脏cDNA文库为模板,PCR扩增出perilipin5的全长及功能结构域,将之分别装载入真核表达载体PCMV5中,并引入HA标签。酶切和测序鉴定,脂质体法将构建的质粒转染293T细胞,Western blot验证表达,免疫荧光检测标记HA,于荧光显微镜下观察perilipin5各结构域的亚细胞定位。结果:构建的质粒序列正确,转染细胞后可检测到HA-perilipin5融合蛋白的表达,免疫荧光显示含有1-188aa结构域的perilipin5截断体可定位于脂滴表面,1-188aa一旦缺失perilipin5的截断体则弥散于胞内。结论:包含perilipin5功能结构域的真核表达载体构建成功,perilipin5的1-188aa与其脂滴定位密切相关。     

人Smurf1基因真核表达质粒的构建和表达

[目的]构建人Smurf1基因的真核表达载体并检测其表达和细胞亚定位。[方法]PCR法从人胚肾细胞HEK-293T中扩增Smurf1基因的ORF序列,将其插入到带Flag标签的p CMV5真核表达载体,插入位点为限制性内切酶SalⅠ和XbaⅠ之间。酶切并测序鉴定该质粒的正确性。将成功构建的质粒Flag-Smurf1转染HEK-293T细胞和Hela细胞,Western Blotting检测Smurf1蛋白的表达情况;转染Mv. 1. Lu细胞,免疫荧光检测Smurf1蛋白在细胞中的亚定位。[结果]成功扩增出Smurf1基因的ORF序列;连入p CMV5中获得了质粒Flag-Smurf1;酶切鉴定得到2. 2 kb大小的片段,测序结果显示连入的是Smurf1基因的c DNA序列正确。Western Blotting结果显示该质粒可在HEK-293T细胞和Hela细胞中表达,表达大小约为80 k Da,符合预期。免疫荧光实验结果显示过表达的Smurf1主要定位在细胞膜上。[结论]成功构建了带Flag标签的人Smurf1基因的真核表达质粒,该质粒可在细胞中顺利表达。     

人LC3B基因的真核表达及鉴定

目的:构建带HA标签的重组人LC3B基因的真核表达载体,获得HA-LC3B融合蛋白,并初步检测其生物学功能。方法:从人乳腺文库中通过PCR技术扩增LC3B基因编码序列,将其插入pc DNA3.0-HA载体,获得HA-LC3B真核表达载体;将重组质粒与空载体分别转染人胚肾293T细胞,通过Western印迹检测转染细胞的表达情况,免疫共沉淀实验证实其生物学活性。结果:双酶切和测序结果表明HA-LC3B真核表达质粒构建成功,Western印迹表明重组质粒转染293T细胞后获得表达;免疫共沉淀实验显示HA-LC3B融合蛋白可以和Atg4B蛋白相互作用,具有较好的生物学活性。结论:在真核表达系统中表达了带HA标签的人LC3B,为进一步研究细胞自噬奠定了基础。     

小鼠pEGFP-Hoxa11真核表达载体的构建及表达

目的 构建和鉴定Hoxa11和EGFP双基因共表达真核载体.方法 采用DNA重组技术,将目的 基因Hoxa11克隆至含有报告基因EGFP的pEGFP-N1真核表达载体中,构建的真核表达载体pEGFP-Hoxa11经PCR,双酶切及基因测序鉴定;转染至CHO细胞,荧光显微镜下观察重组质粒的表达,提取细胞蛋白Western印迹检测蛋白表达.结果 pEGFP-Hoxa11重组质粒构建成功.构建的真核表达载体pEGFP-Hoxa11能在CHO细胞中有效表达.结论 成功构建了共表达Hoxa11和EGFP的真核表达载体,并能在CHO细胞中有效表达.为进一步研究Hoxa11的功能提供实验基础.     

大鼠STIM1基因真核表达载体构建及蛋白表达定位

[目的]构建大鼠STIM1基因重组质粒并在A7r5细胞中表达、定位。[方法]应用基因合成方法获得STIM1基因序列,克隆至携带EGFP标签的真核表达载体p EGFP-C_1、p IRES_2-EGFP,经菌落PCR、酶切、测序鉴定后,转染至A7r5细胞,Western Blot检测蛋白表达,激光共聚焦观察其定位。[结果]STIM1全长2 058 bp,重组载体经酶切、PCR、测序鉴定构建正确,在A7r5细胞内高表达,并主要定位于细胞质。[结论]构建大鼠STIM1基因重组质粒并在A7r5细胞质中表达,为建立稳定高表达细胞系及后续功能研究奠定基础。     

Ras-Specific Exchange Factor GRF: Oligomerization through Its Dbl Homology Domain and Calcium-Dependent Activation of Raf

The full-length versions of the Ras-specific exchange factors Ras-GRF1 (GRF1) and Ras-GRF2 (GRF2), which are expressed in brain and a restricted number of other organs, possess an ionomycin-dependent activation of Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in 293T cells (C. L. Farnsworth et al., Nature 376:524-527, 1995; N. P. Fam et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 17:1396-1406, 1996). Each GRF protein contains a Dbl homology (DH) domain. A yeast two-hybrid screen was used to identify polypeptides that associate with the DH domain of GRF1. In this screen, a positive cDNA clone from a human brain cDNA library was isolated which consisted of the GRF2 DH domain and its adjacent ilimaquinone domain. Deletion analysis verified that the two-hybrid interaction required only the DH domains, and mutation of Leu-263 to Gln (L263Q) in the N terminus of the GRF1 DH domain abolished the two-hybrid interaction, while a cluster of more C-terminally located mutations in the DH domain did not eliminate the interaction. Oligomers between GRF1 and GRF2 were detected in a rat brain extract, and forced expression of GRF1 and GRF2 in cultured mammalian cells formed homo- and hetero-oligomers. Introduction of the L263Q mutation in GRF1 led to a protein that was deficient in oligomer formation, while GRF1 containing the DH cluster mutations formed homo-oligomers with an efficiency similar to that of wild type. Compared to wild-type GRF1, the focus-forming activity on NIH 3T3 cells of the GRF1 DH cluster mutant was reduced, while the L263Q mutant was inactive. Both mutants were impaired in their ability to mediate ionomycin-dependent Erk activity in 293T cells. In the absence of ionomycin, 293T cells expressing wild-type GRF1 contained much higher levels of Ras-GTP than control cells; the increase in Erk activity induced by ionomycin in the GRF1-expressing cells also induced a concomitant increase in Raf kinase activity, but without a further increase in the level Ras-GTP. We conclude that GRF1 and GRF2 can form homo- and hetero-oligomers via their DH domains, that mutational inactivation of oligomer formation by GRF1 is associated with impaired biological and signaling activities, and that in 293T cells GRF1 mediates at least two pathways for Raf activation: one a constitutive signal that is mainly Ras-dependent, and one an ionomycin-induced signal that cooperates with the constitutive signal without further augmenting the level of GTP-Ras.     

SGEF, a RhoG guanine nucleotide exchange factor that stimulates macropinocytosis

SGEF (SH3-containing Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor) is a RhoGEF of unknown function. We found the SGEF protein to be expressed in many established cell lines and highly expressed in human liver tissue. SGEF stimulated the formation of large interconnected membrane ruffles across dorsal surfaces when expressed in fibroblasts. SGEF required its proline-rich amino-terminus to generate dorsal, but not lateral, membrane ruffles and a functional SH3 domain to colocalize with filamentous actin at sites of membrane protrusion. Full-length SGEF activated RhoG, but not Rac, when expressed in fibroblasts. Further, recombinant SGEF DH/PH protein exchanged nucleotide on RhoG, but not on Rac1 or Rac3, in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy of fibroblasts demonstrated that SGEF induced dorsal ruffles that were morphologically similar to those generated by constitutively active RhoG, but not constitutively active Rac1. Transient expression of SGEF stimulated fibroblast uptake of 10-kDa dextran, a marker of macropinocytosis. This required the full-length protein and a catalytically active DH domain. Finally, activated RhoG was found to be more effective than activated Rac, and comparable to SGEF, in its ability to trigger dextran uptake. Together, this work establishes SGEF as a RhoG exchange factor and provides evidence that both SGEF and RhoG regulate membrane dynamics in promotion of macropinocytosis.     

PC-1、EphA3和SGEF蛋白表达的相互影响

目的:在293T和LNCaP细胞中验证PC-1、EphA3和SGEF蛋白表达的相互影响。方法 :采用半定量RT-PCR及Western印迹检测EphA3和SGEF在LNCaP细胞中与PC-1的关系,分别在LNCaP和293T细胞中检测EphA3对SGEF表达的影响。结果:在LNCaP细胞中,EphA3和SGEF在RNA及蛋白水平上均受PC-1高表达诱导,而EphA3的高表达对SGEF的表达无明显影响;但在293T细胞中,SGEF受EphA3表达水平的影响,随EphA3表达量的增加而升高。结论:PC-1、EphA3与SGEF蛋白表达的相互影响与细胞类型相关。     

人eya2基因小干扰RNA表达载体的构建及表达

目的：设计并构建人eya2（eyes absent2）基因小干扰RNA（siRNA）的真核表达载体,并观察其沉默效果。方法：以人eya2为靶基因,以pSliencer2．1-U6 neo质粒为载体,根据人eya2的cDNA序列,设计含有小发卡结构的2条寡核苷酸序列,将其克隆到siRNA表达载体上;转化大肠杆菌DH5Ⅸ菌株,抽提质粒,测序分析;将重组质粒转染人胚肾293T细胞,通过荧光分析、Westemblot和转录活性实验检测其抑制效果。结果：重组体测序结果与目的序列相一致,证明构建了eya2 siRNA真核表达载体;荧光观察表明siRNA能显著减弱细胞中绿色荧光强度,抑制eya2基因表达;Westemblot分析证明构建的siRNA能有效抑制外源性及内源性eya2基因表达;转录活性测定表明,构建的siRNA能有效抑制eya2基因表达。结论：构建了eya2 siRNA真核表达载体,该siRNA能有效地抑制eya2基因表达。     

人Polo样激酶1活性缺失突变体和结构域在293细胞中的瞬时表达

目的:构建人Polo样激酶1(Plk1)活性缺失突变体及结构域突变体的真核表达载体,并在293细胞中表达。方法:用二次PCR方法扩增Plk1基因并点突变,将82位赖氨酸突变为精氨酸,定向克隆到pcDNA3-Flag载体中;用普通PCR方法扩增Plk1激酶区域及Polo盒区域(PBD)基因,定向克隆到pcDNA3-Flag载体中;将上述质粒转染293细胞进行瞬时表达,Western印迹检测Plk1蛋白的表达。结果:构建了Flag-Plk1(K82R)、Flag-Plk1KD、Flag-Plk1PBD真核表达质粒,在293细胞中均可有效表达,蛋白相对分子质量分别为68×103、45×103、31×103。结论:在293细胞中表达了Flag-Plk1(K82R)、Flag-Plk1KD、Flag-Plk1PBD蛋白,有助于进一步探究Plk1对底物的功能。     

ω-3多聚不饱和脂肪酸脱氢酶的真核表达及鉴定

目的：构建ω-3多聚不饱和脂肪酸脱氢酶真核表达载体,并在293T细胞（人胚肾细胞）中实现表达。方法：通过RT-PCR法扩增得到ω-3多聚不饱和脂肪酸脱氢酶基因fat1,构建重组真核表达载体pCMV－Myc－fat1,用脂质体法转染293T细胞,Western Blot检测fat1的表达,并用间接免疫荧光（IFA）确定其在293T细胞中的定位情况。结果：构建真核表达质粒pCMV－Myc－fat1,转染293T细胞后,可检测到细胞内有fat1的表达并确定其在细胞中的位置。结论：成功构建真核表达质粒pCMV－Myc－fat1,可检测出细胞内有fat1的表达并确定其在细胞膜和细胞质内均有表达,为进行fat1的功能研究奠定了基础。     

斑马鱼notch3基因真核表达载体的构建及其表达分析

为了进一步研究notch3基因在斑马鱼中的功能,构建了斑马鱼notch3真核表达载体并在真核细胞中成功表达.其中斑马鱼notch3基因编码序列(coding sequence,CDS)从NCBI的在线数据库中获得,根据序列克隆其胞内段(notch intracellular domain,NICD),接着利用同源重组技...     

携带人二氢叶酸还原酶基因慢病毒表达载体构建及鉴定

目的:构建携带人二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)基因的慢病毒表达载体pWPI。方法:采用PCR方法扩增二氢叶酸还原酶cDNA全长,与EZ-T克隆载体连接,HindIII及BamHI-HF限制性内切酶双酶切回收的PCR片段并补平其缺口。慢病毒系统载体使用pWPI系统,采用PmeI酶切载体后回收片段,将其磷酸化,T4酶连接载体与目的基因。表达载体鉴定均采用核苷酸序列测定,重组质粒采用脂质体转染293T包装细胞后获得包装的病毒颗粒。结果:成功扩增二氢叶酸还原酶全长并连接入pWPI载体构建成重组表达载体DHFR-pWPI,重组质粒测序结果显与DHFR基因的同源性达100%,按标准生产程序转染293T后有DHFR基因的表达。结论:成功采用慢病毒载体系统构建了二氢叶酸还原酶重组慢病毒转基因,为探讨DHFR在肿瘤多药耐药过程中的分子机理奠定基础。     

SWAP70 functions as a Rac/Rop guanine nucleotide-exchange factor in rice

Rho family small GTPases are involved in diverse signaling processes including immunity, growth, and development. The activity of Rho GTPases is regulated by cycling between guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound inactive and guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound active forms, in which guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) predominantly function to promote activation of the GTPases. In animals, most Rho GEFs possess a Dbl (diffuse B-cell lymphoma) homology (DH) domain which functions as a GEF-catalytic domain. However, no proteins with the DH domain have been identified in plants so far. Instead, plant-specific Rho GEFs with the PRONE domain responsible for GEF activity have been found to constitute a large family in plants. In this study, we found rice homologs of human SWAP70, Oryza sativa (Os) SWAP70A and SWAP70B, containing the DH domain. OsSWAP70A interacted with rice Rho GTPase OsRac1, an important signaling factor for immune responses. The DH domain of OsSWAP70A exhibited the GEF-catalytic activity toward OsRac1 as found in animal Rho GEFs, indicating that plants have the functional DH domains. Transient expression of OsSWAP70A enhanced OsRac1-mediated production of reactive oxygen species in planta. Reduction of OsSWAP70A and OsSWAP70B mRNA levels by RNA interference resulted in the suppression of chitin elicitor-induced defense gene expression and ROS production. Thus, it is likely that OsSWAP70 regulates immune responses through activation of OsRac1.