不规则抗体筛查对临床输血的意义

目的:探讨不规则抗体的筛查在临床输血中的意义。方法:对2009年5月至10月间本院6300例输血患者做不规则抗体筛查,抗体筛检阳性者做进一步鉴定,分析抗体特异性,总结各抗体出现频率。结果:半年来检测病例6300例,检测出不规则抗体阳性9例,阳性率0.14%,其中抗-D抗体2例,抗-DC抗体1例、抗-E抗体2例,抗-e抗体1例,抗-M抗体3例。还检测出自身抗体3例及高度冷凝集1例。结论:不规则抗体筛选应作为输血前检查之常规,对保障临床用血、预防溶血性输血反应具有极其重要的意义。     

39302例患者不规则抗体筛查结果分析及其临床意义

目的:对需要输血的患者进行输血前不规则抗体筛查,为受血者选择合适的供血者血液成份,确保临床输血安全有效地进行。方法:选择2009年10月1日～2011年10月31日在本院入院进行治疗性输血和手术备血的患者,采用微柱凝胶法对受血者进行血清中不规则抗体的筛查,并对筛查阳性标本进抗体特异性鉴定。确保临床输血安全有效。结果:在39302例受血者血清中共检测出不规则抗体69例(阳性率0.18%),其中抗-D 5例、抗-E 15例、抗-C 2例、抗-c 2例、抗-e 2例、抗-C,e 1例、抗-M 8例、抗-S 1例、抗-Lea2例、抗-Leb1例、自身抗体5例、25例未确定抗体的特异性。结论:不规则抗体筛查对保证输血安全、降低免疫性溶血性输血反应、及时寻找相容血液及预防和减少新生儿溶血病的发生很有必要。     

RhD正定型及不规则抗体筛查的临床意义分析

目的:探究RhD正定型及不规则抗体筛查在预防临床输血不良反应中的应用价值及临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2010年至2011年、2017年至2018年于首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院输血科实施输血治疗的1892例患者,将2010年至2011年未实施Rh D正定型及不规则抗体筛查时输血治疗的901例患者设为对照组,将2017年至2018年实施RhD正定型及不规则抗体筛查后输血治疗的991例患者设为观察组。对比两组输血不良反应发生率,分析不同血液成分、不同性别、不同年龄输血不良反应发生率,并就2017年、2018年受血者RhD正定型及不规则抗体特异性分布进行罗列。结果:(1)2010年输血不良反应发生率为3.49%,2011年为2.40%,2017年为1.33%,2018年为0.74%,对照组不良反应发生率明显高于观察组(P<0.05)。(2)观察组不同血液成分输血的不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)两组不同年龄和性别输血不良反应发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)观察组共检出20例RhD正定型及不规则抗体阳性患者,其中抗-M型5例,抗-D型3例,抗-E型2例,抗-C型2例,抗-P型2例,抗-LEa型1例,抗-LEb型1例,抗-JKa型1例,抗-N型1例,抗-H型1例,非特异性抗体1例。结论:RhD正定型及不规则抗体筛查能够显著降低输血不良反应发生率,有助于提高配血的准确性,提高输血治疗的安全性。     

不规则抗体筛查对临床安全输血的意义

目的:不规则抗体是血浆中除了抗A、抗B以外的其他血型抗体,会引起血型鉴定困难、疑难配血、溶血性输血反应及新生儿溶血症。本文探讨不规则抗体在住院患者中的发生情况,为需要输血的患者选择匹配的血液供应,确保临床输血安全、合理、有效。方法:利用Ⅰ~Ⅲ类谱细胞用微柱凝胶抗人球蛋白检测卡对住院患者血标本进行不规则抗体筛查,再对阳性标本利用Ⅰ~Ⅻ类谱细胞进行特异性鉴定。结果:13889例受检血标本中,检出不规则抗体25例,阳性率为0.18%。检出的不规则抗体涉及Rh、MNSs、Lewis、Kidd四个血型系统,所占比例分别为80%、8%、8%、4%。且不规则抗体在女性患者中的检出率高于男性患者。结论:输血前对患者进行不规则抗体筛查及特异性鉴定,可有效减少和避免溶血性输血反应的发生,对于安全输血是十分必要的。     

2623名患者红细胞不规则抗体筛选结果分析*

目的:对红细胞抗体筛选阳性的标本进行红细胞不规则抗体特异性鉴定与分析,为临床安全输血提供帮助。方法:2011年8月至2018年12月天津市各医院送至本中心实验室检测的2623份血液标本,进行红细胞不规则抗体筛选和鉴定;采用低离子强度溶液-抗人球蛋白微柱凝胶卡方法和盐水直接离心方法进行抗体筛选和抗体鉴定。结果:共检出2744个红细胞抗体,其中2139个为同种抗体,509个为自身抗体,96份标本未能确定抗体特异性;在所检出的同种抗体中,Rh系统的抗体最常见,占比为54.7％(其中抗-E 26.2％,抗-c 8.7％,抗-C 7.7％,抗-e 6.9％,抗-D 4.9％),MNS系统、Lewis系统、Kidd系统、P系统、Duffy系统、Kell系统、Diego系统均有抗体检出。结论:在输血前检测中,为预防检出不规则抗体的情况出现,应提前备血,以免由此导致的延迟输血,影响治疗。     

探索不规则抗体筛查与临床输血安全

输血是临床疾病治疗中非常普遍的医治手段,输血以输同型血、交叉配血为原则,若血型不匹配,则易引发溶血性输血反应,而不规则抗体的筛查可以有效地避免溶血性输血反应的发生,对于临床输血安全具有重要的意义。本文介绍了不规则抗体筛查的临床概念,分析了临床输血中存在的问题,以2010年10月至2014年5月期间在我院输血的患者共7826例为研究对象,分析了不规则抗体筛查的临床结果,并阐述了不规则抗体筛查在临床输血中的安全问题,从而探讨不规则抗体筛查与临床输血安全之间的关系,对于临床输血相关问题提供参考。     

Bioxun微柱凝胶筛查红细胞不规则抗体的研究

目的:探讨Bioxun微柱凝胶法(Bioxun Micro-column Gel anti-globulin Test,BMGT)筛查红细胞不规则抗体的敏感性和特异性。方法:使用盐水介质法(Saline Media Test,SMT)、传统抗人球法(Traditional anti-Globulin Test,TGT)、达亚美凝胶法(DiamedMicro-column Gel Test,DMGT)和Bioxun微柱凝胶法分别检测红细胞不规则抗体,对方法学灵敏度和特异性进行观察比较。结果:Bioxun微柱凝胶法与达亚美凝胶法的结果无显著差异(P>0.05),二者的敏感度和特异性超过盐水介质法和传统抗人球法(P<0.05)。结论:Bioxun微柱凝胶法操作快捷,敏感度高,适宜在临床输血中推广应用。     

自身抗体检测对 自身免疫性肝炎的临床诊断价值

目的通过对肝炎患者多种自身抗体检出率的比较,探讨其在自身免疫性肝炎中的临床诊断价值。方法对75例自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)患者,64例非AIH肝炎患者和78例健康体检者进行自身抗体检测。采用免疫印迹法检测抗线粒体抗体-M2(AMA-M2)、抗肝肾微粒体-1抗体(LKM-1)、抗肝细胞胞质抗原-1抗体(LC-1)、抗可溶性肝抗原/肝-胰抗原抗体(SLA/LP);采用间接免疫荧光法检测抗核抗体(ANA),并对各检测指标进行比对分析。结果AIH组患者ANA、AMA-M2、LKM-1、LC-1、SLA/LP检测阳性率分别为100.0%、28.0%、9.3%、1.3%、10.7%均高于非AIH组患者的56.2%、3.1%、0.0%、0.0%、0.0%,且除LC-1外其余差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合检测ANA、AMA-M2、LKM-1、LC-1及SLA/LP对诊断自身免疫性肝炎具有重要的临床意义。     

质粒DNA抗原芯片检测抗双链DNA抗体的初步研究

目的:建立以质粒DNA作为抗原的检测血清中抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体的芯片方法,并与酶联免疫吸附实验比较,初步探讨用芯片法检测抗dsDNA抗体的临床价值。方法:将原核表达载体质粒pcDNAⅡ用质粒DNA快速抽提试剂盒提取纯化DNA后按1∶2稀释,用点样仪点在经3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APES)修饰的玻片上,温孵后用含有1%小牛血清白蛋白和2.5%蔗糖的PBST封闭,以Cy3标记的人IgG为二抗,建立检测dsDNA抗体的芯片方法,并与德国欧蒙公司生产的抗双链DNA检测ELISA试剂盒做比较,对包括58例系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、25例干燥综合征(SS)、10例皮肌炎(DM)和7例类风湿关节炎(RA)在内的病人和60例健康人对照进行了抗dsDNA的对比检测。结果:对阳性标本的检测,与现用常规检测方法ELISA相比,芯片检测抗dsDNA的灵敏度为91.3%,特异度为90.7%,阳性预测值为89.3%,阴性预测值为92.5%;对健康对照的检测,2种方法均为阴性,符合率为100%。结论:与ELISA相比,用质粒DNA作为抗原建立的芯片方法的灵敏度和特异度较高,为今后建立同时检测多个自身抗体的芯片奠定了基础。     

抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体、抗核抗体联合检测对类风湿关节炎 的诊断价值

目的:探讨抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)与抗核抗体(ANA)联合检测对类风湿关节炎的临床意义。方法:采用IIF法对82例RA患者(RA组)、74例非RA自身免疫疾病患者(非RA组)和52例健康体检者(正常对照组)的血清ANCA和ANA谱进行了检测分析,并用ELISA法进行抗丝氨酸蛋白酶3(PR3)、抗髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、ANA谱的定量检测。结果:RA组82例患者中,64例ANCA阳性,阳性率为78.08%,其中核周型(PANCA)37例,阳性率为45.1%,胞浆型(CANCA)27例,阳性率为32.9%;非RA组74例患者中有7例ANCA阳性率分别为9.4%;正常对照组50例中没有一例ANCA阳性。利用Elisa法对患者血清进行检测,分别能够特异的检测到PR3、MPO、抗双链DNA抗体(抗ds-DNA抗体)、抗ss-A等抗体、抗SS-A抗体、抗PM-SCL抗体的存在。结论:联合ANCA、ANA检测有助于提高类风湿关节炎的诊断。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.