高血压脑出血患者术后重症监护治疗与早期再出血的相关因素分析

目的:探究高血压脑出血患者术后重症监护治疗与早期(24 h内)再出血的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年10月于中山大学附属第一医院及中山市人民医院行手术治疗并进行重症监护的高血压脑出血患者的相关资料,记录术后早期发生再出血情况,比较其相关因素,包括年龄、性别、术前格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分、出血量、术前收缩压、术后收缩压、镇静时间、插管时间、有无使用止血药、血压波动、血压差、有无镇痛情况,分析术后早期再出血的影响因素。结果:本研究共纳入465例患者,其中术后早期再出血患者44例,未再出血患者421例,再出血发生率为9.46%(44/465)。高血压脑出血术后早期再出血患者的术后收缩压、有无镇痛、血压差、血压波动与未再出血患者比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后早期再出血患者的年龄、性别及术前GCS评分、出血量、术前收缩压、镇静时间、插管时间、有无使用止血药与未再出血患者比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,患者血压波动大是术后早期再出血的危险因素,手术前后血压差大、术后使用镇痛治疗是其保护因素。结论:高血压脑出血患者术后血压波动、手术前后血压差及术后镇痛治疗均是早期再出血的影响因素,合理降压及镇痛治疗可减少脑出血术后早期再出血的发生。     

脑梗死患者的脑白质病变危险因素分析

目的：探索脑梗死患者中脑白质病变的危险因素。方法：以2012 年1 月至2014 年12 月我院神经内科收治的837 例脑梗死 患者为研究对象,采用Fazekas量表评价核磁共振T2WI脑室旁白质和皮质下白质病变严重程度。分别比较不同程度脑室旁白质 病变、皮质下白质病变患者间各个危险因素的差异,采用Logistic 回归分析脑白质病变的危险因素。结果：年龄、高血压是脑室旁 白质（OR 年龄=1.090,95%CI:0.073-0.099,P＜0.05;OR 高血压=1.699,95%CI:0.242-0.818,P＜0.05）和皮质下白质病变（OR 年龄 =1.074,95%CI:0.059-0.083,P＜0.05;OR高血压=1.353,95%CI:0.017-0.588,P＜0.05）共同的危险因素。收缩压（OR=1.008,95%CI: 0.001-0.015,P＜0.05）是皮质下白质病变的危险因素。结论：在脑梗死患者中,年龄、高血压是脑室旁白质病变、皮质下白质病变共 同的危险因素,收缩压是皮质下白质病变的危险因素。     

缺血性脑卒中患者脑内微出血的发生及危险因素

目的:探讨脑内微出血(CMB)在缺血性脑卒中患者中的发生及相关危险因素。方法:连续选取住院的缺血性脑卒中患者250例,分析其磁共振成像(MRI)表现。根据有无CMB将患者分为CMB组(80例)及无CMB组(170例)。详细记录临床资料,观察CMB的个数、陈旧性腔隙性脑梗死的个数和脑白质改变(WMC)的严重程度。结果:单因素分析显示年龄、高血压病、既往脑梗死病史、脑白质改变、陈旧性腔隙性脑梗死及口服抗血小板聚集药物史与CMB的发生有关。Logistic回归分析显示高血压、既往有脑梗死病史及WMC分值为CMB的独立危险因素。结论:CMB与脑微血管病变之间有密切关系,高血压、既往有脑梗死病史及WMC分值为缺血性脑卒中患者发生CMB的独立危险因素。     

医护合作式疼痛管理在创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者中的应用

目的 探讨医护合作式疼痛管理在创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者中的应用效果. 方法 选取我院2019年4月～2021年4月收治的856例创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=419)和观察组(n=437).对照组采取常规护理干预模式,观察组在常规护理基础上进行医护合作式疼痛管理干预,观察比较两组患者护理干预前...     

二次造影对首次造影阴性的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的价值

目的:探讨二次造影对首次血管造影阴性的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(Subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)的价值.方法:回顾性分析2009年7月至2011年7月我院共收治的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者115例,在确诊蛛网膜下腔出血后1-3天行股动脉插管全脑血管造影并3D重建和颅脑CT平扫.首次DSA结果阴性者于2-8周行二次全脑血管造影.结果:115例中83例共发现颅内动脉瘤87个,9例为脑血管畸形、Moyamoya病等,23例首次造影阴性.但23颅脑CT显示弥漫性蛛网膜下腔出血16例,中脑周围蛛网膜下腔出血5例,局限于一个脑池或脑叶内蛛网膜下腔出血1例,颅脑CT阴性1例.二次造影后在16例弥漫性蛛网膜下腔出血患者中共发现动脉瘤3例.结论:二次造影对首次血管造影阴性的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者具有较高的临床意义,尤其是对于首次造影高度怀疑动脉瘤的弥漫性蛛网膜下腔出血患者,进行二次造影是必要的.     

老年期精神病患者多重耐药菌感染的危险因素分析

目的了解老年期精神病患者多重耐药菌感染与危险因素的相关性,为临床对老年期精神病患者合理应用抗菌药物及有效控制多重耐药菌感染提供理论依据。方法收集在2012—2014年期间嘉兴市康慈医院接受治疗的年龄在60岁以上的老年期精神病患者体内分离确认的多重耐药菌株共74株,采用SPSS 17.0统计软件做多因素Logistic回归分析,分析老年期精神病患者多重耐药菌感染的相关危险因素。结果老年期精神病患者多重耐药菌感染的单因素分析显示年龄(P=0.010)、住院时间(P=0.002)、基础疾病(P=0.188)、侵入性操作(P=0.000)、抗菌药物使用(P=0.000)、抗精神病药使用(P=0.191)等均为老年期精神病患者多重耐药菌感染的相关因素。多因素Logistic回归分析显示基础疾病和侵入性操作是老年期精神病患者多重耐药菌感染的高危险因素。结论基础疾病和侵入性操作是老年期精神病患者多重耐药菌感染的高危险因素。提示临床严防抗菌药物过度应用,减少侵入性操作,从而避免老年期精神病患者感染菌株中多重耐药菌株的产生。     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张内镜下套扎治疗术后再出血的影响因素

目的:探讨肝硬化食管静脉曲张套扎术后再出血的影响因素,为套扎术后再出血的预防提供科学依据.方法:采用整群抽样获取研究对象,采用病例对照研究对套扎术后再出血的影响因素进行非条件Logistic多元逐步回归分析.结果:肝硬化食管静脉曲张内镜下套扎治疗术后二次出血的发生率为11.25％,性别(OR=0.163)是套扎术后再出血的保护因素,进食硬质食物(OR=23.696)、肝功能Child-pugh分级高(OR=5.703)、食管曲张静脉数量多(OR=30.637)和食管静脉曲张Grade分级高(OR=6.143)是其危险因素.结论:肝硬化食管静脉曲张内镜下套扎术后二次出血的发生率较高,应加强对男性患者的教育,术后早期应避免进食硬质食物,并且严格掌握套扎术的手术适应症和禁忌症是减少套扎术后再出血的重要途径.     

褪黑素对蛛网膜下腔出血后继发性脑损伤及认知功能的影响及其机制研究

目的:探讨褪黑素对蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)后神经元细胞凋亡、坏死及继发性认知功能障碍的影响。方法:选择80只成年健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为四组:正常组(n=20)、单纯SAH组(n=20)、SAH+安慰剂治疗组(n=20)和SAH+褪黑素治疗组(n=20),经大鼠自体尾动脉(股动脉)非肝素化动脉血在20 s内注入视交叉池建立蛛网膜下腔出血模型,褪黑素注射剂量为150 mg/kg,1次/12 h,在蛛网膜下腔出血建模后48h处死各组部分大鼠,取血凝块周围的皮层脑组织(额颞底)做标本,通过TUNEL荧光染色及Fluoro-Jade B荧光染色测定神经元凋亡及坏死的情况,各组剩余大鼠在SAH后48小时开始通过Morris水迷宫试验测试其认知功能。结果:SAH组大鼠的活动功能评分、Morris水迷宫试验的逃避潜伏期及总路程、神经元细胞凋亡和坏死的百分比均较正常对照组大鼠显著升高(P0.01),而褪黑素治疗组以上指标均显著低于安慰剂治疗组(P0.05),但SAH组和安慰剂组之间以上指标比较均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:褪黑素可能通过减少神经元细胞的凋亡和坏死改善蛛网膜下腔出血后大鼠的认知功能障碍。     

尼莫地平联合丁基苯酞对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑微循环的影响

目的:探究尼莫地平联合丁基苯酞对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑微循环的影响。方法:选取我院外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者36例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组18例。对照组给予尼莫地平治疗,实验组给予尼莫地平联合丁基苯酞治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后脑微循环的变化情况。结果:实验组总有效率(88.9%)高于对照组(61.1%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前相比,两组脑血容量(CBV)、脑血流量(CBF)水平均增高,平均通过时间(MTT)水平降低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组CBV和CBF水平较高,MTT较低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GOS)评分较高、临床并发症发生率较低、6个月病死率较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:尼莫地平联合丁基苯酞可有效改善外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的脑微循环,提高患者的生存率。     

促红细胞生成素对蛛网膜下腔出血的治疗作用

近年来蛛网膜下腔出血发病率愈来愈高,迟发性缺血性损伤是蛛网膜下腔出血致死和致残的重要原因,迟发性缺血性损伤的治疗策略传统包括钙通道阻滞剂尼莫地平和高血容量、高血压、血液稀释治疗,近年来促红细胞生成素的研究,表明促红细胞生成素在治疗蛛网膜下腔出血中有一定的治疗作用。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Cytoskeleton and mitochondrial morphology and function

It has been well established that the cytoskeleton is an essential modulator of cell morphology and motility, intracytoplasmic transport and mitosis, however cytoskeletal linkage to the organelles has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Indeed, cytoskeleton appears to be essential in determining and modulating gene phenotype as a function of cellular environment. According to recent studies, the organization of the cytoskeleton network together with associated protein(s) could be essential in regulating mitochondrial function and particularly the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane to ADP. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the main properties of the cytoskeletal environment of mitochondria and the possible role(s) of this network in mitochondrial function in myocytes.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。