芫菁体内斑蝥素的含量及存在形式

【目的】测定芫菁体内斑蝥素的含量及其存在形式。【方法】利用气相色谱法测定了8种芫菁和作为对照的黑翅红蝉体内总斑蝥素和游离斑蝥素的含量,总斑蝥素含量是通过酸水解法测得的,游离斑蝥素含量是通过直接浸提法测得的,以总斑蝥素与游离斑蝥素含量之差作为结合斑蝥素含量; 并比较了结合斑蝥素与钙、镁含量之间的相关性。【结果】芫菁体内总斑蝥素的含量为游离斑蝥素含量的1～9倍,总斑蝥素的含量一般多于虫体干重的2.0%,而游离斑蝥素的含量均低于虫体干重的1.7%。黑翅红蝉体内不含任何形式的斑蝥素。斑芫菁属和豆芫菁属昆虫中的结合斑蝥素含量与钙元素呈正相关,斑芫菁属中结合斑蝥素含量与镁元素呈正相关,而豆芫菁属中结合斑蝥素含量与镁元素呈负相关。斑芫菁属昆虫体内钙元素的摩尔量要低于结合斑蝥素的摩尔量。【结论】芫菁体内总斑蝥素含量远高于游离斑蝥素的含量;结合斑蝥素可能是以斑蝥素酸钙和斑蝥素酸镁形式存在。     

斑蝥素及其衍生物的研究现状与应用

斑蝥素(Cantharidin)是一种可从昆虫斑蝥虫体提取或人工合成的具有抗肿瘤作用的药物,因其毒性强烈,受限于临床应用。人工合成的斑蝥素衍生物如去甲斑蝥素、斑蝥酸钠、去甲斑蝥酸钠、甲基斑蝥胺等,毒性低,疗效显著。本文对斑蝥素及其衍生物在抗肿瘤作用及分子机理方面的研究现状进行综述,为充分利用斑蝥素这一中药资源提供参考。     

斑蝥素酸镁与斑蝥酸钠对喉癌Hep-2细胞抑制活性比较的初步研究

目的:探讨自主研发产物--斑蝥素酸镁对人喉癌上皮细胞的增殖抑制活性是否好于临床抗癌药物斑蝥酸钠。方法:采用磺酰罗丹明染色法(SRB法)、细胞集落形成实验分别考察斑蝥素酸镁和斑蝥酸钠对人喉癌上皮细胞Hep-2的影响。结果:与斑蝥酸钠相比,斑蝥素酸镁作用喉癌Hep-2细胞的效果更加显著。其IC50仅为2.19μmol·L-1,远低于斑蝥酸钠的IC50(15.75μmol·L-1)。细胞集落形成实验显示,与斑蝥酸钠相比,斑蝥素酸镁明显阻止细胞集落的形成,最低有效浓度为1.75μmol·L-1,远低于斑蝥酸钠的最低有效浓度(3.50μmol·L-1)。结论:与斑蝥酸钠相比,斑蝥素酸镁对喉癌Hep-2细胞具有更加显著的抑制效果,可进行更加深入的研究。     

芫菁斑蝥素对喉癌细胞和胃癌细胞的抑制作用

【目的】 研究提取自眼斑芫菁Mylabris cichorii (Linnaeus)体内的斑蝥素对人喉癌HEP-2细胞和人胃癌BGC-823细胞的抑制、以及对细胞周期分布的影响。【方法】 将斑蝥素作用于经体外培养的人喉癌HEP-2细胞和人胃癌BGC-823细胞, 采用MTT法进行体外细胞抑制实验, 测定斑蝥素对这2种癌细胞生长的抑制率与剂量效应;采用流式细胞术测定斑蝥素处理的人喉癌HEP-2细胞的细胞周期;并通过光学显微镜观察其细胞形态学改变。【结果】 斑蝥素浓度为1.28 μmol/L时, 对HEP-2细胞有显著抑制作用, 且随药物浓度升高其抑制作用增强, 呈剂量效应关系, 抑制中浓度为2.88 μmol/L;斑蝥素浓度为20.4 μmol/L时, 对BGC-823细胞有显著抑制作用, 且随药物浓度升高其抑制作用增强, 呈剂量效应关系, 抑制中浓度为54.85 μmol/L。用浓度1.44和2.88 μmol/L的斑蝥素处理HEP-2细胞24 h后, G2-M期分布从8.21%增加到22.29%, S期细胞分布从14.33%增加到21.61%, 且随药物浓度升高其阻滞作用增加, 呈剂量效应关系。G0-G1期细胞分布都有所降低, 从77.45%降低到56.10%, G0-G1期峰前无显著的亚二倍体峰出现, 说明斑蝥素未能够诱导HEP-2细胞发生凋亡。光镜检查显示：HEP-2细胞可出现细胞收缩、胞膜突出、核碎裂等现象。【结论】 斑蝥素对治疗喉癌的效果可能较为理想, 而对胃癌的作用则不明显。     

芫菁科不同种类成虫体内斑蝥素的含量

芫菁体内含有斑蝥素,是一种重要的药用昆虫。近年来我国对斑蝥素的临床应用研究表明：斑蝥素及其衍生物对治疗原发性肝癌疗效显著。为了摸清我国芫菁科昆虫的自然资源和虫体内斑蝥素的含量,作者调查了不同地区、不同寄主植物上芫菁科昆虫的种类分布,并利用气相色谱内标法测定了不同性别以及交尾高峰前后的芫菁成虫体内斑蝥素的含量。发现雄性成虫体内斑蝥素的含量均高于雌性成虫。交配高峰后的芫菁雌性成虫体内斑蝥素含量高于交配高峰前的芫菁雌性成虫体内斑蝥素含量。     

斑蝥素合成期的芫菁蛋白质表达差异分析

研究斑蝥素大量合成期的芫菁体内可溶性蛋白,有助于阐明斑蝥素合成相关酶蛋白的种类和合成机理.本研究采用SDS-PAGE、双向电泳技术,分析了苹斑芫菁Mylabris calida Palla在斑蝥素合成前期、大量合成早期和末期的蛋白质组成的变化.SDS-PAGE电泳分析显示,芫菁从羽化1 h到25 d过程中分子量约为80 kDa,45 kDa,30 kDa的蛋白组分存在着显著地表达差异.进而通过双向电泳分析,发现合成前期蛋白质与其它时期有明显差异:蛋白质大多分布在Pl值4～7,分子量20～80 kDa的区域,其中20～45 kDa蛋白质差异明显.芫菁羽化后1h、2d、4d的蛋白质点数目分别为471个、569个、645个;大量合成早期和合成末期为827个和999个,增长25%以上.研究结果显示:3个时期蛋白质组成的变化趋势恰好与芫菁合成斑蝥素含量显著峰值变化相吻合,表明芫菁体内斑蝥素的合成是多种蛋白参与的复杂过程,这些蛋白分子量范围在20～45 kDa.     

人工饲养条件下眼斑芫菁不同发育阶段斑蝥素含量的变化

【目的】分析人工饲养条件下眼斑芫菁Mylabris cichorii Linnaeus不同发育阶段体内斑蝥素含量的变化。【方法】收集不同发育阶段的眼斑芫菁,通过热碱浸提法提取斑蝥素,而后以气相色谱法检测含量。【结果】在幼虫期,1龄幼虫斑蝥素相对含量最高,2龄幼虫斑蝥素相对含量降到最低点;以后随着虫体的发育,幼虫体重和斑蝥素含量都逐渐增加。羽化后的成虫经隔离饲养,雄虫在羽化后5～30天大量合成斑蝥素,而雌虫体内斑蝥素含量则极低,具有典型的性二型现象;雌雄混合饲养组中,20～30天雌虫体内可以检测到大量斑蝥素,而同期雄虫斑蝥素含量远低于隔离饲养组。【结论】幼虫期斑蝥素含量随虫体发育而增加;成虫期主要由雄虫合成斑蝥素。混合饲养组成虫平均单头斑蝥素含量高于隔离饲养组雌雄虫平均斑蝥素含量。成虫身体各部位的斑蝥素含量以腹部最高,胸部次之。     

芫菁体内结合斑蝥素对胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖的抑制作用

本文考察了芫菁体内结合斑蝥素和人工合成的斑蝥素盐类衍生物斑蝥素酸镁的体外抗肿瘤活性。采用WST-1法检测两者在体外对人胃腺癌SGC-7901细胞增殖的抑制作用。实验结果显示两者对SGC-7901细胞均表现出明显的抑制效果,且随药物浓度升高其抑制作用增强,呈剂量效应关系;其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为10.86和8.65μmol/L。此外,通过流式细胞术检测表明,结合斑蝥素能引起SGC-7901细胞G0～G1期阻滞;斑蝥素酸镁则引起SGC-7901细胞S期阻滞,两者均能通过干预SGC-7901细胞的周期来抑制其增殖。     

环境条件对南方大斑蝥成虫取食行为的影响

南方大斑蝥的主要药效成分斑蝥素及其衍生物对肝癌、食道癌等20余种癌症有显著疗效,但斑蝥素不能大规模人工合成,仅依赖于产斑蝥素的昆虫。南方大斑蝥是斑蝥素的重要来源,其野生资源已不能满足市场需求,人工养殖是解决南方大斑蝥资源紧缺的必然选择,而取食是人工养殖中影响其生长繁殖的重要因子之一。本研究在恒温培养箱内对南方大斑蝥成虫的最大取食量、觅食规律、光照、最佳觅食的温度和食物含水量等方面进行了研究,明确了南方大斑蝥成虫的取食条件和规律,为南方大斑蝥成虫的人工养殖提供技术参考。结果显示,南方大斑蝥成虫每天连续取食时,日平均取食量为身体重量的0. 797±0. 062倍,而饥饿24 h后的日平均取食量为体重的1. 712±0. 110倍,两者间取食量差异显著(P 0. 05)。根据其取食日变化规律,上午7∶00为南方大斑蝥成虫的取食高峰期,在不需觅食的基础上有无光照对平均取食量无显著的影响(P 0. 05)。当温度为30℃-33℃、食物含水量40%-60%时南方大斑蝥成虫的平均取食量最大,呈显著水平(P 0. 05)。根据研究结果可知,在南方大斑蝥成虫的人工养殖中,应于每天的上午7∶00前投放食物,食物量为成虫重量的0. 8倍左右,食物含水量控制在40%-60%,环境温度30℃-33℃。     

芫菁斑蝥素对几种动物蛋白磷酸酶2A的抑制作用

研究斑蝥素对马、兔、猪、鸡、眼斑芫菁Mylabris cichorii(L.)等几种动物体内PP2A的抑制作用。将斑蝥素作用于马、兔、猪、鸡、眼斑芫菁等几种动物体内的PP2A,采用蛋白磷酸酶抑制法-比色法测定斑蝥素对PP2A的抑制率。斑蝥素对马、兔、猪等哺乳动物体内的PP2A有明显的抑制作用,IC50分别为0.07、0.12、0.23 g/L;斑蝥素对鸡体内的PP2A有一定的抑制作用,而对于眼斑芫菁体内PP2A抑制作用不明显。马、兔、猪体内的PP2A对斑蝥素很敏感,而鸡和眼斑芫菁体内的PP2A对斑蝥素较不敏感。     

Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Mylabris Based on Heavy Metal Risk Assessment and Analysis of Pharmacological Component Contents

As a highly representative traditional Chinese anti-tumor medicinal material, the biomass of Mylabris is collected from the wild. However, the living environments of Mylabris is differ, so Mylabris may be contaminated by heavy metal pollution depending on the environment. These environments may also affect the amount of biosynthesis of its medicinal ingredient, cantharidin, there by affecting the quality of Mylabris. In this study, we determined the heavy metal content in Mylabris from different origins by using ICP-MS, evaluated the risk posed by these heavy metals, and recommended theoretical maximum limits of heavy metals in medicinal Mylabris. The results show that the Cu content in Mylabris is substantially higher than that in Cr, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg. A quantitative risk assessment showed that Mylabris poses no noncarcinogenic risks. The results of the total carcinogenic risk value showed that origins S12 and S13 pose carcinogenic risk by Cr and As, and the rest of the origins were in the human-tolerable carcinogenic risk range. We found large differences in the cantharidin content in Mylabris from different origins. In general, the Mylabris from origins S2, S3 and S4 had a higher in vivo cantharidin content, which proved that the quality of the medicinal materials was higher here than in other production areas. Finally, we providing a reference for the quality evaluation of medicinal Mylabris materials.     

芫菁科昆虫体内斑蝥素的气相色谱法测定

分别采用酸水解法和直接浸提法处理不同种芫菁样品、短翅豆芫菁Epicauta aptera Kaszab的卵和大斑芫菁Mylabris phalerata Pallas的不同虫体部位,后用气相色谱仪测定斑蝥素含量。结果表明:用酸水解法处理后的芫菁体内斑蝥素含量较之用直接浸提法处理后有显著提高,增高幅度在1~9倍之间,其中以豆芫菁属Epicauta昆虫的增高幅度最大,一般在7倍以上,而斑芫菁属Mylabris的斑蝥素含量增幅不高,芫菁卵中斑蝥素含量变化不显著;斑蝥素主要富集于大斑芫菁的腹部。     

疆芫菁科的区系组成及药用价值(鞘翅目：芫菁科)

调查表明,新疆芫菁科(Meloidlc)昆虫有41种,分隶于5属,以斑芫菁属Mylabris F.种类最多,达32种,占78.0%;在41种中,有10种为我国首次纪录。区系组成含中亚细亚,蒙古,欧洲,准噶尔和泛古北种五种成分,其中以中亚细亚种最多,达23种,约占56.0%。芫菁是药用昆虫,对常见的10种芫菁药用有效成分-斑蝥素含量进行了测定,发现其中,种含量较高,药用价值明显。     

Chloroquine alters the processing of secretin in isolated rat pancreatic acinar cells

In this study we considered the effect of chloroquine on the processing and intracellular distribution of internalized secretin radioligand in acinar cells. Chloroquine (100 microM) had no effect on the total amount of 125I-secretin bound but had marked effects on the processing of this radioligand in acinar cells. After an initial 60 min of radioligand binding in the presence and absence of chloroquine, cells were washed free of unbound radioligand, resuspended and then processed for different times at 37 degrees C. During 60, 120 and 180 min of processing, the amount of internalized radioligand in the presence of 100 microM chloroquine was increased by 116, 194 and 273%, respectively, compared to untreated control samples. Chloroquine also increased the amount of intact 125I-secretin radioligand within the cell as measured by rebinding to pancreatic plasma membranes. After 120 and 180 min of processing, intact peptide within the acinar cell was 25 and 66% greater in the presence of this agent than in control samples (P less than or equal to 0.01). To determine if chloroquine affected intracellular localization of the secretin radioligand, we measured the amount of radioactivity in soluble and particulate fractions of cell homogenates. Chloroquine decreased radioactivity entering particulate fractions of the cell by greater than 35% after 120 and 180 min of processing (P less than or equal to 0.01). This study demonstrates that (1) chloroquine inhibits the intracellular degradation of secretin in acinar cells and (2) chloroquine alters intracellular localization of this peptide during processing.     

Proacrosin activation and acrosin release during the guinea pig acrosome reaction

The kinetics of proacrosin activation and release from guinea pig spermatozoa during the nonsynchronous acrosome reaction were studied. Epididymal spermatozoa were incubated at 37 degrees C in a defined medium (pH 7.8) containing 1.7 mM Ca2+. After 195 min, 78% of the motile spermatozoa had undergone the acrosome reaction as determined by light microscopy. Acrosin and proacrosin levels in the spermatozoa and medium were measured at the beginning of the incubation period. Most of the total acrosin activity (78%) was associated with the spermatozoa, of which greater than 90% was in the form of proacrosin. Proacrosin represented a small, stable fraction (23%) of the total acrosin in the medium; it did not activate to acrosin while in the medium. After 195 min, a decrease in sperm-associated total acrosin (42%; p less than 0.05) was accompanied by an increase in the total acrosin level in the medium (115%; P less than 0.05). No change in the relative proacrosin content (percent of total acrosin) was evident in either medium or spermatozoa. Additional experiments quantified acrosin and proacrosin during the progression of the acrosome reaction. Both the loss of sperm-associated total acrosin and the increase in total acrosin levels in the medium were highly correlated with the fraction of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa (r = 0.954 and 0.922, respectively; P less than 0.001). However, the rate of acrosin appearance in the medium was only 60% (P less than 0.001) of the rate of acrosin loss from the spermatozoa. The fractional proacrosin content of spermatozoa (94%) and medium (31%) remained unchanged during the acrosome reaction (r = 0.15 and 0.30, respectively; P greater than 0.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Sulfhydryl groups on yeast ribosomal proteins L7 and L26 are significantly more reactive in the 80 S particles than in the 60 S subunits.

The sulfhydryl-directed fluorescent reagent, 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein (IAF), reacts differently with proteins from the 60 S ribosomal subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae when this subunit is free as opposed to being contained within the 80 S ribosome. When the 80 S ribosomes and the free 60 S subunits were labeled with IAF, the specific fluorescence intensity (fluorescence intensity unit/A260 60 S subunit) of the subsequently derived 60 S was 16.3 and 5.4, respectively. Gel analysis showed that proteins L7 and L26 were selectively labeled and contained greater than 90% of the total fluorescent label, when 80 S ribosomes were labeled. When free 60 S subunits were labeled, six additional proteins were labeled. Both types of modified 60 S subunits were equally capable to support protein synthesis in vitro. Reassociation of the IAF-labeled derived and free 60 S subunits with unmodified 40 S subunits resulted in a maximum of 5-7% decrease and a 3-fold increase, respectively, in the fluorescence intensity without a shift in the emission maxima. The data suggest that ribosomal proteins L7 and L26 contain SH groups that respond to ribosomal subunit association and become more reactive in the intact ribosome than in the subunit. The environments of some or all of the additionally labeled proteins are also sensitive to subunit reassociation.