植物内生菌及其防治植物病害的研究进展

综述了植物内生菌及其防治植物病害的研究进展.植物内生菌分布广,种类多,几乎存在于所有目前已研究过的陆生及水生植物中,目前全世界至少已在80个属290多种禾本科植物中发现有内生真菌,在各种农作物及经济作物中发现的内生细菌已超过120种.感染内生菌的植物宿主往往具有生长快速、抗逆境、抗病害、抗动物危害等优势,比未感染内生菌的植株更具生存竞争力.植物内生菌的防病机理主要表现在通过产生抗生素类,水解酶类,植物生长调节剂和生物碱类物质,与病原菌竞争营养物质,增强宿主植物的抵抗力以及诱导植物产生系统抗性等途径抑制病原菌生长.另外,对植物内生真菌和内生细菌的分离、筛选和检测方法;利用植物内生菌控制植物病害的途径如人工接种内生菌,利用内生菌代谢产生的抗生素以及将内生菌作为基因工程的载体菌等进行了综述.同时,对植物内生菌作为生物防治因子未来发展前景及存在的问题进行了讨论.利用植物内生菌作为生物防治因子进行大田防病,需要考虑它的病理学、生态学和形态学等方面的影响.     

植物内生菌研究进展

植物内生菌是指生活史中某一阶段生活在植物组织内,对植物没有明显病害症状的一类微生物,研究发现其主要包括内生细菌、内生真菌和内生放线菌。内生菌能够产生与宿主植物相同或相似的活性物质,从而拓宽了药用资源并且具有巨大的应用价值。从植物内生菌的分布规律及其生长特点,与宿主植物的关系,研究领域以及发展现状与存在问题等方面进行了综述,并对植物内生菌在药用资源开发中的前景进行了展望。     

植物内生菌研究及其科学意义

植物内生菌是近三十年来在国内外迅速受到关注的微生物类群,研究的角度不同,概念也比较混乱。本文就植物内生菌研究及其科学意义进行了综述和讨论。植物内生菌在国外广受关注,始于禾本科植物内生真菌以及林木内生真菌的特殊作用。产紫杉醇的红豆杉内生真菌被报道后,植物内生菌研究在生理活性物质领域开始暴发式的增加。通过对一年生草本植物、多年生草本植物、木本植物和藤本植物各部位的内生微生物的比较和分析,总结了植物内生菌的一些共性和特殊性,指出了植物内生菌研究的一些发展趋势。本文探讨植物内生菌对地球上的微生物物种总量的贡献。提出"植物体在自然界的实际生存状态实际上是微生物和植物的状态"的观点,导出植物育种实际上是"植物和微生物的共生体的培育"的观点。还讨论了植物内生菌对生态学、生物学、微生物的进化和物种形成、内生菌/宿主的联合代谢、以及植物保护学、畜牧兽医学、林学等领域的意义和影响。本文认为,植物内生菌研究打开了微生物资源的一个新局面,将在多个领域中产生更广泛的影响。植物内生菌研究的真正意义不仅在于其生态独特性,更在于微生物在宿主体内和宿主植物的协同作用及协同作用所产生的新功能和新物质。     

植物内生菌的研究进展

植物内生菌是存在于植物内部与植物密不可分的一类微生物,包括内生真菌和内生细菌两大类。随着研究的不断深入,发现内生菌不仅产生多种有益的生物学作用,如防病、促生、固氮等,还能对寄主植物的生长发育产生不利影响。近年来,植物内生菌已成为我国微生物学领域研究的热点问题之一。本文综述了植物内生真菌和内生细菌的研究概况,以期更好地研究和了解植物内生菌。     

植物内生菌活性代谢产物最新研究进展

内生菌广泛存在于植物组织中,作为一种新型的微生物资源,具有丰富的物种多样性,也是发掘新型天然活性物质的重要途径之一,有些内生菌还能产生与宿主植物相同或相似的活性成分。因此从植物内生菌中挖掘抗菌尤其抗临床耐药菌、抗肿瘤等天然活性产物不仅为新药的研发提供了新的方向,还能在一定程度上解决传统的天然产物药源——药用植物生长缓慢、资源紧缺等问题。从多个角度概述了近年来国内外报道的植物内生菌次生代谢产物及其来源、生物活性等方面的主要成果和最新进展,以期为植物内生菌活性代谢产物的研究提供参考。     

药用植物内生菌对宿主植物促生作用机制研究进展

植物内生菌是一类能够代谢产生新颖生物分子和多种酶类的重要微生物资源,在农业、植保、制药等领域具有广阔的应用前景。了解内生菌与药用植物间相互关系是当前促进药用植物生长和提升药材品质的重要途径。植物内生菌资源具有丰富的多样性,对宿主植物生长发挥着重要功能,如固氮、溶磷、产生铁载体、分泌植物激素吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid,IAA)、产生ACC脱氨酶(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase)、增强宿主抗逆性、产生次生代谢产物等。本文通过相关文献回顾,聚焦内生菌与药用植物间的关系,着重探讨药用植物内生菌对宿主植物的促生作用机制,展望新技术在植物内生菌研究方面的应用,以便有效利用分子手段阐明内生菌对药用植物的促生长作用,为其在相关领域的应用提供理论参考。     

植物内生放线菌研究*

近年来从植物组织中发现一些新的放线菌菌种 ,有些内生放线菌产生新的生物活性代谢物 ,或产生具有新特性的酶 ;对植物内生放线菌与植物宿主及其他微生物之间的关系研究有新的发现 ,植物内生放线菌在植物病害防治中的作用已引起重视。本文将简单介绍近年来这方面的研究进展。     

植物内生菌研究进展

内生菌由于生长于植物体内且不引起植物病害所以不易被发现,它是一类具有高实用价值的植物内生微生物。经过人们的不断研究,越来越多的植物内生菌被发现,其活性代谢产物的优势也得到了更多研究者的认可。综述了国内外有关植物内生菌研究的主要成果和进展,并从植物内生菌的发现、研究历史、多样性、生理生化特性以及植物内生菌与宿主植物间的作用关系等多个层次进行了概述,以期为植物内生菌相关研究提供参考。     

植物内生放线菌研究

近年来从植物组织中发现一些新的放线菌菌种,有些内生放线菌产生新的生物活性代谢物,或产生具有新特性的酶;对植物内生放线菌与植物宿主及其他微生物之间的关系研究有新的发现,植物内生放线菌在植物病害防治中的作用已引起重视。本将简单介绍近年来这方面的研究进展。     

植物内生放线菌多样性研究进展

植物内生放线菌作为植物内生菌资源的一大类,具有丰富的多样性,其次级代谢产物也十分丰富,而且还具有各种生物学活性。通过了解植物内生放线菌资源的多样性,可以对其产生的生物活性物质进行筛选和分析,从而筛选出具有良好药理活性的物质应用于临床。从植物内生放线菌宿主植物、组织分布、种类和数量以及活性基因4个方面综述了植物内生放线菌的多样性资源,介绍植物内生放线菌新的微生物物种,总结了植物内生放线菌目前研究中存在的问题及展望。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.