植物内生菌生物抗菌活性物质研究进展

植物内生菌作为一种新型的微生物资源,分离和确定其代谢产物是一条寻找新型天然活性物质的重要途径。目前为止,许多研究者从不同的植物内生菌中分离到大量具有抗菌活性的新化合物,这些新的化合物被认为是解决日益严重的微生物多重耐药性的希望之一。本文从植物内生菌的多样性、抗菌活性物质多样性及国内内生菌研究进展等多个角度概述了当前有关植物内生菌研究的主要成果和最新进展,以期为植物内生菌相关研究提供借鉴。     

基于植物内生菌及其次生代谢活性物质多样性的研究

据相关研究表明,植物内生菌属于新型微生物资源,并且种类较多,分布广泛,譬如在最近几年,科学家逐渐发现在植物内生菌中发现了紫杉醇等生物活性物质以及在一些产物中还发现了与次级代谢产物中相同的产物,因此对临床研究具有重要价值和潜在价值。对此研究的主题为:基于植物内生菌及其次生代谢活性物质多样性的研究。本为将从植物内生菌的多样性,植物内生菌次生代谢活性物质的多样性等方面进行逐一研究,现将文章综述如下。     

药用植物内生真菌研究进展

我国药用植物种类丰富,但受植物资源生长周期长、产量低等限制,难以满足人类的需要。而其内生真菌丰富多样,生长快,易培养,且可以产生与宿主相同或相似的天然活性物。利用内生真菌发酵生产抗菌、抗肿瘤等天然活性物质,不仅有望解决市面上部分药物供不应求的现状,还能有效地保护珍稀、濒危的药用植物资源。本文概述了药用植物内生真菌宿主植物的选择、内生真菌分离及其次级代谢产物分离纯化和活性研究,并对研究中存在的问题进行了讨论,以期为药用植物内生真菌研究提供方法和思路。     

内生菌对植物次生代谢产物的转化

近年研究发现许多药用植物中的活性成分产量低下或副作用大、不利于人体吸收,而内生菌存在于健康植物的组织或器官中,可以对植物次生代谢产物进行转化且具有条件温和、专一有效、收效率高等特点。本文主要对近几年内生菌对植物次生代谢产物转化的研究进行综述和展望,以期为内生菌资源的开发和利用提供参考价值。     

我国资源植物化学与天然产物化学基础研究的现状与发展

本文从生物活性成分的筛选与分离、植物次生代谢产物生物合成及其分子调控、环境因子对植物次生代谢产物合成和积累的影响、植物体内生菌与植物次生代谢产物的关系等方面介绍了我国资源植物化学与天然产物化学领域基础研究的现状与发展。     

植物内生放线菌多样性研究进展

植物内生放线菌作为植物内生菌资源的一大类,具有丰富的多样性,其次级代谢产物也十分丰富,而且还具有各种生物学活性。通过了解植物内生放线菌资源的多样性,可以对其产生的生物活性物质进行筛选和分析,从而筛选出具有良好药理活性的物质应用于临床。从植物内生放线菌宿主植物、组织分布、种类和数量以及活性基因4个方面综述了植物内生放线菌的多样性资源,介绍植物内生放线菌新的微生物物种,总结了植物内生放线菌目前研究中存在的问题及展望。     

一株新的药用植物内生菌Burkholderia sp. H-6

植物内生菌(Plant endophyte)是微生物中的一个重要类群,能参与植物次级代谢产物的合成与转化或独立合成次级代谢产物,其物种丰富,数量庞大,已经成为新医(农)药活性物质的潜在资源.研究显示,目前从植物内生菌中分离出的生物活性物质,大约51%属于未报道过的新化合物.因此,植物内生菌相关领域的研究工作,愈来愈受到国内外同行的关注.     

植物内生真菌产多糖类天然产物研究进展

植物内生真菌作为一类重要的微生物资源,不仅可在植物组织内生活且不引起植物病变,还能产生大量具有活性的天然产物。植物内生真菌多糖作为一类重要的大分子天然产物,越来越多证据表明其具有重要的研究价值。植物内生真菌的来源、培养和发酵,植物内生真菌均一多糖的理化性质和结构特征等都与其多糖的生理活性密切相关。为此,从菌株选择、培养条件、多糖分离纯化、理化特征、生物活性和对植物的作用等方面对植物内生真菌多糖的研究进行了综述,以期为植物内生真菌多糖的生理生化作用、开发等深入研究提供参考。     

药用植物内生真菌研究进展

药用植物内生真菌具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化等活性,能够产生植物生长素、细胞激动素、赤霉素等促植物生长物质促进植物生长,从而使研究药用植物内生真菌成为寻找新型拮抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化活性药物的重要资源。本文对药用植物内生真菌的多样性、分离鉴定、产生的次生代谢产物及其功能等做一综述。     

植物内生菌研究进展

内生菌由于生长于植物体内且不引起植物病害所以不易被发现,它是一类具有高实用价值的植物内生微生物。经过人们的不断研究,越来越多的植物内生菌被发现,其活性代谢产物的优势也得到了更多研究者的认可。综述了国内外有关植物内生菌研究的主要成果和进展,并从植物内生菌的发现、研究历史、多样性、生理生化特性以及植物内生菌与宿主植物间的作用关系等多个层次进行了概述,以期为植物内生菌相关研究提供参考。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.