乳腺癌中高水平乙酰肝素酶促进肿瘤微血管和微淋巴管生成

目的分析乳腺癌组织中乙酰肝素酶(heparinase,HPA)的表达与临床病理指标、微血管密度(micro vessel density,MVD)和微淋巴管(micro lymphatic density,MLD)之间的相关性及与预后的关系,探讨HPA在乳腺癌发生、发展及转移中的作用。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测浸润性乳腺癌组织中HPA水平及CD34和D2-40分别标记的微血管和微淋巴管,观察乳腺癌组织中HPA水平与MVD及MLD的关系,并与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级、腋淋巴结转移、临床分期进行相关分析。结果在乳腺癌组织中,HPA免疫反应性明显增强,阳性率明显高于癌旁组织,以阳性CD34为标志的MVD增高,以阳性D2-40为标志的MLD降低;HPA阳性乳腺癌组织中MVD和MLD明显高于HPA阴性乳腺癌组织;乳腺癌中HPA水平与肿瘤大小、组织学病理学级别和临床分期呈正相关。结论 HPA与乳腺癌的微血管和微淋巴管生成密切相关,HPA可以作为评价乳腺癌浸润和转移情况的重要指标。     

蝎毒多肽提取物对卵巢癌SKOV3 细胞HPA 与VEGF 抑制作用 的实验研究

目的:研究蝎毒多肽提取物(polypeptide extract from scorpion venom,PESV)对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞HPA与VEGF表达的影响,进一步探讨其抗血管生成的分子机制.方法:卵巢癌SKOV3细胞分为对照组、PESV组,免疫组织化学方法检测各组HPA、VEGF的表达,western-blot方法检测各组HPA在蛋白水平的表达.结果:与对照组相比,PESV组HPA、VEGF表达明显降低(P＜0.05),进一步检测发现PESV组HPA在蛋白水平表达亦明显下调(P＜0.05).结论:PESV能够抑制卵巢癌SKOV3细胞的生长,其机制可能与抑制HPA、VEGF的表达有关.     

血小板输注无效与血小板抗原(HPA)多态性的相关性

目的:探讨血小板输注无效(PTR)与血小板抗原(HPA)多态性的相关性。方法:2017年5月到2018年9月选择在首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院输血科进行血小板输注的患者187例,检测所有患者血液的HPA多态性,判断PTR发生情况并进行相关性分析。结果:在187例患者中,发生PTR 32例,发生率为17.1%。PTR患者的HPA1、HPA2、HPA3、HPA4、HPA5的b基因频率都显著高于非PTR患者(P<0.05),也都呈基因多态性分布;非PTR患者都呈aa纯合子单性态分布。在187例患者中,直线相关分析显示HPA1、HPA5基因多态性与PTR有显著相关性(P<0.05),与HPA2、HPA3、HPA4基因多态性无相关性(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示HPA1基因多态性、HPA5基因多态性、再生障碍性贫血、骨髓增生异常综合症为导致PTR的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:血小板输注中PTR比较常见,多伴随有HPA多态性,HPA1和HPA5基因多态性、再生障碍性贫血、骨髓增生异常综合症为导致PTR的影响因素。     

穹窿切断对大鼠下丘脑CRH表达的影响

目的观察穹窿切断对大鼠下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)表达的影响,探讨海马对HPA轴的抑制作用是否通过穹窿介导。方法成年健康雄性Wistar大鼠80只,随机分为穹窿切断组和假手术组,再分为0d、4d、7d、10d组,每组10只。建立大鼠穹窿切断模型,采用免疫组织化学和Westernblot技术检测穹窿切断组0d、4d、7d、10d时下丘脑CRH的表达变化和分布规律,并以假手术组相应时间段作为对照。结果穹窿切断组于7d时CRH表达升高,10d时升高显著。假手术组下丘脑仅有少量CRH表达。结论穹窿切断使CRH表达升高,HPA轴活动增强,海马对HPA轴的抑制作用减弱,揭示海马是通过穹窿纤维对HPA轴发挥抑制作用。     

胃癌乙酰肝素酶和NF-κB表达及与临床病理特征和血管形成的关系

目的探讨胃癌乙酰肝素酶(heparanase,HPA)和激活的NF-κB表达及与胃癌临床病理特征和血管形成的关系。方法免疫组织化学(IHC)分别检测了138例胃癌、138例配对癌旁胃粘膜(距癌2cm)和138例配对远离胃癌的手术切缘正常胃粘膜组织(距癌5cm以上)HPA蛋白的表达;138例胃癌组织NF-κB、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和CD34蛋白的表达,CD34抗体进行血管内皮染色,用于计数胃癌组织微血管密度(MVD);人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901和MGC803中HPA蛋白的表达。逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测了40例胃癌、40例癌旁胃粘膜(距癌2cm)和40例远离胃癌的手术切缘正常胃粘膜组织(距癌5cm以上)以及人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901和MGC803 HPA mRNA的表达结果胃癌HPA蛋白和mRNA阳性表达率(71.0%,72.5%)明显高于癌旁胃粘膜(32.6%,35.0%)和正常胃粘膜(10.0%,8.8%)(P均<0.01),癌旁胃粘膜明显高于正常胃粘膜(P<0.01)。HPA蛋白和mRNA在人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901均为阳性,而在人胃癌细胞系MGC803均为阴性。胃癌HPA和激活的NF-κB蛋白阳性表达率,侵袭至浆膜外、有脉管内瘤栓、有淋巴结转移、有远端转移和临床分期Ⅲ-Ⅳ期者明显高于侵袭至浆膜、无脉管内瘤栓、无淋巴结转移、无远端转移和临床分期I-Ⅱ者(P均<0.05)。胃癌HPA蛋白表达和激活的NF-κB蛋白表达成正相关(rs=0.223,P=0.009)HPA蛋白表达和激活的NF-κB蛋白表达阳性胃癌的MVD明显高于HPA蛋白表达和激活的NF-κB蛋白表达阴性胃癌的MVD(P均<0.01)。胃癌HPA蛋白表达和激活的NF-κB蛋白表达均与VEGF蛋白表达成正相关(rs=0.275,P=0.001;rs=0.527,P=0.000)。结论HPA和激活的NF-κB蛋白表达在胃癌的发展及血管形成中起重要作用;胃癌HPA蛋白表达与激活的NF-κB蛋白表达有关。     

生物芯片技术与食品分析

生物芯片检测技术是一种全新的微量分析技术。本文综述了生物芯片基本技术流程包括方阵构建、样品制备、化学反应和结果检测 ;探讨了生物芯片技术在食品分析中的应用前景 ;分析了生物芯片应用的技术障碍 ,旨在为生物芯片应用发展提供理论基础。     

Maspin在卵巢癌中作用机制的体外研究

目的:检测卵巢癌细胞中Maspin对细胞增殖能力、VEGF和乙酰肝素酶Heparanase(HPA)表达的影响。方法:构建Maspin真核表达质粒,体外转染卵巢癌SKOV3细胞,磺基罗丹明B法((sulforhodamine B,SRB)检测转染后细胞增殖能力变化,细胞免疫化学及半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测VEGF和HPA的表达。结果:成功构建Maspin真核表达质粒并转染于卵巢癌细胞SKOV3后,证实转染目的基因的SKOV3-Maspin细胞中Maspin表达明显增强;转染Maspin cDNA的SKOV3细胞的体外增殖能力明显弱于转染空载体组和未转染组,而后两者之间差异无显著性;转染Maspin cDNA的SKOV3细胞中VEGF的表达明显弱于转染空载体组和未转染组,而后两者之间差异无显著性;但是HPA的表达无明显改变。结论:Maspin可能通过下调VEGF的表达抑制卵巢癌血管生成。HPA表达与卵巢癌的恶性生物学行为密切相关,但与Maspin无明显相关性。     

碳纳米管在生物检测技术中的应用进展

碳纳米管具有良好的表面修饰性、机械性和电学特性,在电化学生物传感器材料领域应用广泛,在病原微生物检测、环境保护、农业以及食品等行业具有广阔的应用前景。该文综述了碳纳米管在生物检测技术中的应用进展,以病毒检测为主分析了碳纳米管在检测技术方面的应用进展和优缺点,展望了碳纳米管在生物检测领域的应用发展趋势。     

低氧暴露条件下高原鼠兔和大鼠HPA轴活动的比较

采用人工模拟低气压低氧的方法比较研究了不同程度（模拟海拔5 km和7 km)和不同时间（24d和5d）低氧暴露,对大鼠和高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质 (hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenalcortex,HPA)轴活动的影响。结果如下：7 km低氧暴露24 h,大鼠下丘脑的促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（corticotropin-releasing actor,CRF）和肾上腺皮质激素皮质酮分泌显著增加,大鼠HPA低氧暴露对大鼠HPA 轴活动无显著差异。低氧暴露5天后,大鼠7 km、5 km组的HPA轴活动与对照相比无明显差异。低氧暴露对高原鼠兔的HPA轴无明显影响。上述结果表明：低氧暴露的时间和程度与大鼠HPA的活动密切相关;从HPA的活动来看,高原鼠兔表现出较强的低氧耐受性。     

RNA 检测技术在法医病理学中的应用研究

DNA技术广泛应用于法医学中,RNA分析技术为调查疾病和死亡原因提供依据,RNA检测可以作为法医病理学检测一个有效的工具。RNA还可以应用在损伤时间和死亡后间隔时间的检测。在法医案件分析中,体液中细胞特异mRNA的表达的分子检测已经为DNA分析的重要补充手段。本文综述了RNA检测技术在法医病理学中的研究进展及其应用。     

Decolorization method of crude alkaline protease preparation produced from an alkalophilic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus clausii</Emphasis>

Diaion HPA75 decolorized efficiently the crude preparation of novel alkaline protease produced by Bacillus clausii. The optimum concentrations of HPA75 and contact time for efficient decolorization were determined to be approximately 6 ∼ 10% (w/v) and 8 h, respectively. Color removal efficiency was improved at alkaline pH, and 21% color intensity was retained with a protease yield of 99.7% at pH 11. By using highly concentrated samples, a pattern of decolorization was achieved that was similar to that produced by unconcentrated enzyme preparations. After treatment with 6% HPA75 for 8 h, the residual color intensity was approximately 20% with a protease yield of nearly 100%. Used HPA75 could be regenerated easily, and the regenerated HPA75 was as effective as the fresh HPA75 for decolorization and protease recovery. The regeneration efficiency of the used Diaion HPA75 was greater than 90% until it was used four times. Considering these results, we suggest Diaion HPA75 is suitable for color removal applications, producing high protease yields from fermented broth.     

Lectins for electron microscopic distinction of eosinophils from other blood cells

Colloidal gold-labeled soybean agglutinin (SBA), Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), and Griffonia simplicifolia lectin (GS-1) were used for electron microscopic observation of blood cells. Colloidal gold-labeled SBA, HPA, and DBA showed marked deposition on eosinophil granules at all stages of maturation. Gold particles were not deposited on basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, or other blood cells. Only a few colloidal gold-labeled GS-1 were deposited on eosinophil granules. Eosinophil granules are rich in N-acetyl-D-galactosamine compounds, and the colloidal gold-labeled SBA, HPA, and DBA are useful for electron microscopic detection of eosinophil granules.     

Plasminogen activating enzyme in cultured glioblastoma cells. An immunofluorescence study with monoclonal antibody

A monoclonal antibody against a 52,000 dalton human plasminogen activating enzyme (HPA52) was used for immunofluorescence staining of cultured glioblastoma cells. The fluorescence was located in the cytoplasm of the cells. A pronounced variation in the staining intensity was observed between the individual cells. The specificity of the fluorescent stain was supported by the findings that 1) no staining was obtained with a monoclonal antibody of the same subclass, but with irrelevant specificity (anti-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl); 2) adsorption with HPA52 purified to homogeneity removed the ability of anti-HPA52 to mediate staining; 3) the glioblastoma cells contained HPA52, as measured by enzymatic assay, while melanoma cells that were not stained did not contain HPA52 activity; 4) dexamethasone reduced both the enzymatically determined HPA52 content and the immunofluorescence in parallel, while progesterone affected none of these parameters; 5) we have previously found that culture fluid conditioned by the glioblastoma cells apart from HPA52 does not contain detectable amounts of any protein that binds to anti-HPA52. Several advantages of immunohistochemical detection of plasminogen activators compared with enzyme histochemical methods are discussed, among these that the immunohistochemical method distinguishes between plasminogen activators of different types.     

穹窿切断后海马神经元GR表达变化的研究

目的实施大鼠穹窿切断术研究海马神经元核受体GR(glucocorticoidreceptor糖皮质激素受体)表达的变化。方法建立大鼠穹窿切断模型,于穹窿切断术后0、4、7、10d取材;同时取材假手术组(非穹窿切断术)作为对照,应用免疫组化、WesternBlotting方法分别进行各组海马神经元GR表达变化的观察及定量检测。结果穹窿切断7d后,免疫组化和WesternBlotting结果显示海马神经元GR表达下调,10d下调更为显著。结论穹窿切断后,海马GR表达下调,提示可能减弱海马对HPA轴的抑制。     

Polymorphic DNA haplotypes at the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus and their relation to phenotype in Swedish phenylketonuria families

Summary The genetic heterogeneity at the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) locus was studied in 88 families including 93 of the 105 children with phenylketonuria (PKU) or hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) detected through the Swedish neonatal screening program from 1966 to the end of 1986. Haplotypes based on eight restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at the PAH locus could be constructed for 132 normal and 136 mutant alleles. The normal alleles were of 27 different RFLP haplotypes, 9 of which have not been described previously, but there was a dominance of a few haplotypes common to many European populations. The distribution of mutant alleles was significantly different from that in neighboring countries, even though over 90% of all mutant alleles were confined to six RFLP haplotypes, also prevalent in other European populations. Allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization analysis for the Arg⁴⁰⁸ to Trp⁴⁰⁸ mutation and for the G to A splicing mutation in intron 12 showed exceptions to the previously reported linkage of these mutations to mutant haplotypes 2 and 3, respectively. Correlation of mutant alleles with clinical phenotypes pointed to the presence of at least two different mutations associated with each of six haplotypes. We argue that PKU/HPA in the Swedish population may be caused by at least 13 different mutations in addition to the 4 already identified. The theoretical informativity of RFLP analysis in heterozygote detection and prenatal diagnosis in PKU/HPA families was estimated at approximately 85%. Carrier detection could, in effect, be accomplished for 88% of the 56 healthy siblings in the families studied.     

Optical peroxide biosensor using the electrically controlled-release technique

An optical biosensor using an electrically controlled-release system was developed for the measurement of peroxide concentration. The electrically controlled-release system consisted of a current-supplying system and a polymer complex by hydrogen bonding between the carboxylic and oxazoline group. The polymer complex was formed below pH 5.0 and was degraded above pH 5.4. The local pH change near the surface of the polymer complex could be controlled by applying the electric current to release an enzyme reaction reagent, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA), in the polymer complex. The releasing rate of HPA was proportional to the electric current applied to the polymer complex. The model of the controlled-release system was proposed to predict the degradation velocity of the polymer complex, which is equivalent to the releasing rate of HPA. The released HPA and analyte, peroxide, flowed into the reactor with the immobilized enzyme and then reacted with the enzyme. The peroxide concentration was measured based on the fluorescence detection of enzyme reaction product, 6,6'-dihydroxy (1,1'-biphenyl) 3,3'-diacetic acid (DBDA). The proposed biosensor had the linear analytical range of 0.025 approximately 1.0 mM with a response time of 20 min, good repeatability, and reproducibility.     

Recovery of biologically produced 3‐hydroxypropionaldehyde and its dehydrated product acrolein

3‐Hydroxypropionaldehyde (3‐HPA), which can be derived from biomass, is an important precursor for low‐cost, large‐volume acrolein‐based chemicals like acrylic acid and acrylamide with a wide range of applications. In order to find an efficient process for isolating 3‐HPA from fermentation broth, we comparatively investigated several separation methods including precipitation with hydrazides, immobilization with amines, reactive extraction with thiols, extraction with hydrophilic solvents, and reactive distillation as acrolein. It turned out that the reactive distillation is the most efficient method for in situ recovery of 3‐HPA as acrolein. In a reactive distillation process at 37°C and Hammett acidity H₀ = –1, the aldehyde concentration was reduced to 6 ± 1 mM in the transformation medium and increased to 1866 ± 146 mM in the distillate. The yield was 96 ± 8%. These experimental results are close to the calculated ideal equilibrium results assuming total dehydration of 3‐HPA to acrolein. The main advantages of the reactive distillation process are that the recovery, purification, and concentration of acrolein are carried out in one step and the process is well suited for large‐scale production at low costs.     

Heteroduplex panel analysis, a novel method for genetic identification of Aspergillus Section Flavi strains

For genetic identification of Aspergillus Section Flavi isolates and detection of intraspecific variation, we developed a novel method for heteroduplex panel analysis (HPA) utilizing fragments of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the rRNA gene that was PCR amplified with universal primers. The method involves formation of heteroduplexes with a set of reference fragments amplified from Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, A. tamarii, and A. nomius and subsequent minislab vinyl polymer gel electrophoresis. The test panel is compared with species-specific standard panels (F-1, P-1, T-1, and N-1) generated by pairwise reannealing among four reference fragments. Of 90 test panels, 89 succeeded in identifying the species and 74 were identical to one of the four standard panels. Of the 16 new panels, 11 A. flavus/A. oryzae panels were identical and typed as F-2 and 4 of 5 A. nomius panels were typed as N-2 or N-3. The other strain, A. nomius IMI 358749, was unable to identify the species because no single bands were formed with any of the four reference strains. DNA sequencing revealed that our HPA method has the highest sensitivity available and is able to detect as little as one nucleotide of diversity within the species. When Penicillium or non-Section Flavi Aspergillus was subjected to HPA, the resulting bands of heteroduplexes showed apparently lower mobility and poor heteroduplex formation. This indicates that HPA is a useful identification method without morphological observation and is suitable for rapid and inexpensive screening of large numbers of isolates. The HPA typing coincided with the taxonomy of Section Flavi and is therefore applicable as an alternative to the conventional methods (Samson, R. A., E. S. Hoekstra, J. C. Frisvad, and O. Filtenborg, p. 64-97, in Introduction to Food- and Airborne Fungi, 6th ed., 2000).     

中国大陆地区发现一例罕见的血小板抗原HPA-10bw等位基因报告

采用序列特异性引物-聚合酶链式反应(PCR-SSP)为基础的人类血小板抗原(HPA)基因分型技术做群体调查, 在1,000例受检者中发现1例罕见的HPA-10w(a+b+)杂合子个体, 为了验证分型的可靠性, 使用PCR反应特异性扩增HPA-10基因片段, 然后测序分析。结果表明, nt263位G→A导致GPⅢa糖蛋白第62位精氨酸(CGA)→谷氨酰胺(CAA), 产生HPA-10bw抗原特异性。在中国人群中检测出HPA-10bw低频抗原, 提示在血小板同种免疫引起的新生儿同种免疫血小板减少症(NAIT)、输血后紫癜症(PTP)以及血小板输注无效症(PTR)的诊断中, 该抗原具有临床意义。