低能离子注入诱变选育高产虾青素红法夫酵母突变株

红法夫酵母(Phaffia rhodozyma)是发酵法生产虾青素的优良菌株。采用低能氩离子注入、紫外线复合诱变处理,选育到一株高产虾青素的红法夫酵母突变株G993。在优化条件下,该菌株摇瓶发酵的生物量、虾青素产量和虾青素含量分别为17.15 g/L、13 206μg/L和770.0μg/g干菌体,较出发菌株分别提高45.34%、271.5%和155.6%。在1吨发酵罐放大实验中,该菌株生物量为26.04 g/L,虾青素产量达到20 041μg/L。菌株经过八次传代培养,虾青素产量下降率小于等于1.35%,是一株性状较稳定、可深入开发研究的优良菌株。     

新型抗生素AGPM产生菌藤黄灰链霉菌的诱变育种

从土壤中分离得到一株藤黄灰链霉菌的新菌株099,该菌株能产生一种具有显抗肿瘤活性的新型抗生素AGPM。产生菌经紫外线单因子诱变、紫外线加氯化锂(LiCl)复合诱变等两种诱变方式诱变处理后,其AGPM产量达到了18．7μg/mL,较出发菌株提高了1．2倍。研究发现最忧的紫外辐射时间和氯化锂浓度分别是30-60s和0.05-0.09mol/L,并且由于氯化锂的协同效应,菌株在经氯化锂处理后,对紫外线的敏感性明显增强了。30L发酵罐发酵试验表明,利用高产突变株发酵,AGPM产量能达到18．5μg/mL;而利用出发菌株发酵,AGM产量仅为8．5μg/mL。     

协同诱变法选育虾青素高产优良酵母菌株

以红法夫酵母(Phaffia rhodozyma)野生型菌株GH1为研究对象,选育虾青素高产优良酵母菌株,并初步研究其生长特性。对野生型菌株GH1用紫外线(UV)和亚硝基胍(NTG)协同诱变,用抗霉素A筛选,选育出虾青素高产突变菌株GH1-7.1。突变菌株GH1-7.1的虾青素最高产量达1200μg/gDCW,比野生菌株GH1的虾青素最高产量271μg/gDCW高出4倍,并且生长加快,达到最高生物量和最高虾青素产量的时间比野生菌株缩短了24h;野生菌株GH1的最适生长温度为20℃,高于28℃则不生长,而突变菌株GH1-7.1的最适生长温度为28～30℃,比野生菌株GH1提高8～10℃。首次采用协同诱变的方法成功选育了虾青素高产酵母菌株,并且生长周期短,最适的生长温度提高,是适宜南方高温环境发酵工程应用的优良菌株。     

新型抗生素AGPM产生菌藤黄灰链霉菌的诱变育种*

从土壤中分离得到一株藤黄灰链霉菌的新菌株 0 99,该菌株能产生一种具有显著抗肿瘤活性的新型抗生素AGPM。产生菌经紫外线单因子诱变、紫外线加氯化锂 (LiCl)复合诱变等两种诱变方式诱变处理后 ,其AGPM产量达到了 1 8 7μg/mL ,较出发菌株提高了 1 2倍。研究发现最优的紫外辐射时间和氯化锂浓度分别是 30～ 6 0s和 0 0 5～ 0 0 9mol/L ,并且由于氯化锂的协同效应 ,菌株在经氯化锂处理后 ,对紫外线的敏感性明显增强了。 30L发酵罐发酵试验表明 ,利用高产突变株发酵 ,A     

虾青素高产菌的选育

红发夫酵母（Phaffia rhodozyma)是微生物发酵法生产虾青素的优良菌株,作者采用Cs^137-γ射线重复辐照,并进行亚硝基胍（NTG）诱变处理,选育得到一株高产虾青素的红发夫酵母YB-20-28突变株,该菌株摇瓶发酵的生物量达老人家酵母YB-20-28突变株,该菌株摇瓶发酵的生物量达36.3g/L,总色素含量为1216.0μg/g,较出发菌株提高308%,虾青素产量达30.9μg/mL,是一株颇具开发潜力的虾青素高产菌株。     

高产虾青素的红发夫酵母菌种的选育*

红发夫酵母（Phaffia　rhodozyma）是发酵法生产虾青素的优良菌株。本文采用Cs137-γ射线重复辐照,并交替进行亚硝基胍（NTG）诱变处理,选育得到一株高产虾青素的红发夫酵母YB-20-29突变株。该菌株摇瓶发酵的生物量达36.32g/L,总色素含量为1216.0μg/g,较原始菌株提高308％,虾青素产量达30.9μg/mL,是一株很有开发前景的虾青素高产菌株。     

虾青素高产菌株的选育

采用激光（Laser）、紫外线（UV）、亚硝基胍（NTG）及其复合诱变法夫酵母菌,再用高浓度葡萄糖培养基选育经复合诱变的法夫酵母菌。结果表明：与原始出发菌相比,菌株经诱变后其虾青素产量有显著提高,其中复合诱变的是青素产量可达7.26μm/ml。诱变高产菌株遗传稳定性好。     

法夫酵母高产虾青素的选育及发酵条件的优化

对法夫酵母原始菌株进行了紫外线－氯化锂复合诱变,获得了一株遗传性状稳定、在25℃条件下虾青素高产的菌株UL-40。其类胡萝卜素产量为7.10mg/L,经HPLC测定,其虾青素产量为643.97μg/g,比出发菌株提高了249.87%。利用SAS软件中的Plackett-Burman设计对发酵温度、初始pH值以及发酵培养基的八种组分进行优化组合,从中选出发酵温度、初始pH值和Corn steep liquor浓度为重要因素,通过响应面分析法建立了模型并从该模型中计算出在发酵温度为16.78℃、初始pH为4.73和CSL浓度为7.06mg/L时预测的最大响应值为3.9407mg/L,经实验证实此点的实测值为3.9261mg/L,证明模型是有效的并且存在极大值点。采用优化后的发酵条件及发酵培养基,法夫酵母生产虾青素的产量较原始发酵培养基提高了20.4%。     

高产虾青素的红发夫酵母菌种的选育

红发夫酵母（Phaffia rhodozyma）是发酵法生产虾青素的优良菌株。本采用Cs^137-γ射线重复辐照,并交替进行亚硝基胍（NTG）诱变处理,选育得到一株高产虾青素的红夫酵母YB-20-29突变株。该菌株摇瓶发酵的生物量达36.32g/L,总色素含量为1216.0ug/g,较原始菌株提高308%,虾青素产量达30.9ug/mL,是一株很有开发前景和虾青素高产菌株。     

提高展青霉(Penicillium patulum)产灰黄霉素效价的诱变育种研究

为进一步筛选高产灰黄霉素的工业生产菌株,分别对前期采用紫外线-氯化锂（UV-LiCl）、半导体激光（LD laser）及CO2激光（CO2laser）对展青霉FS80-1复合诱变获得三株高产菌株进行液体发酵和固体培养比较。结果表明,通过UV-LiCl复合诱变获得突变菌株GM120-43的液体发酵产灰黄霉素效价11 982μg/mL,比出发菌株提高37.52%,固体培养效价为89 496μg/g（干重）,比出发菌株提高80.04%。;半导体激光诱变获得突变株LD100-1的液体发酵效价9 440μg/mL,固体培养效价119 766μg/g干重,比出发菌株FS80-1提高了140%;两个突变株的生物学特性均发生不同程度的变化,突菌株GM120-43适合于液体发酵生产,突变株LD100-1适合于固体发酵培养。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.