依帕司他对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的干预作用及其机制

目的:观察依帕司他(EPS)对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠间质纤维化的保护作用及其机制。方法:实验设假手术组(Sham)组、UUO、UUO+EPS(50 mg/kg)及UUO+EPS(100 mg/kg)剂量组,每组n=8。左侧输尿管结扎制备UUO大鼠模型。造模后连续灌胃给药3周,sham和UUO组给予等体积的羟甲基纤维素钠。HE和Masson染色观察肾组织病理变化及胶原沉积情况。免疫组化法观察肾组织醛糖还原酶(AR)表达情况,分别采用real-time PCR和(或) Western blot检测肾脏I型胶原(collagen I)、III型胶原(collagen III)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、成纤维细胞特异蛋白-1(FSP-1)、纤连蛋白(FN)、E-钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin)、转化生成因子-β1(TGF-β1)和AR mRNA及蛋白表达。结果:与Sham组相比,UUO组大鼠小管上皮细胞萎缩、空泡样变性,肾间质成纤维细胞及肌成纤维细胞大量增殖并伴大量炎症细胞浸润,胶原沉积明显增加,collagen I、collagen III、TGF-β1和AR mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),同时EMT标志性蛋白α-SMA、FSP-1、FN mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),而E-cadherin mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低。与UUO组相比,经EPS治疗3周后,肾间质纤维化程度明显减轻,胶原沉积明显减少,collagen I、collagen III、TGF-β1和AR mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),另外α-SMA、FSP-1、FN mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显降低(P<0.01或P<0.05),而E-cadherin mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),而且100 mg/kg剂量组上述指标的改变均好于低剂量组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:依帕司他对肾间质纤维化具有一定的改善作用,其机制可能与其抑制TGF-β1介导的AR表达、进而抑制大鼠肾小管上皮细胞EMT有关。     

高脂喂养大鼠肾小管上皮细胞SREBP-1、TGF-β1、α-SMA的表达和细胞外基质沉积

目的:探讨高脂喂养对大鼠肾脏小管上皮细胞SREBP-1、TGF-β1、α-SMA表达和细胞外基质(ECM)的影响。方法:高脂饲料喂养大鼠12周后,油红O检测肾脏脂质沉积,Masson染色检测肾小管间质细胞外基质沉积,免疫组化、Western blot和原位杂交检测SREBP-1、TGF-β1、α-SMA和FN的表达。结果:高脂喂养后大鼠体重明显增加,血糖、甘油三酯和胰岛素均升高,油红O检测显示大鼠肾小管上皮细胞内出现明显脂滴。SREBP-1蛋白和mRNA在肾小管上皮细胞内表达,高脂组高于正常对照组,分别是正常组的1.88倍和1.85倍;TGF-β1和α-SMA也定位于肾小管上皮细胞胞浆并出现上调。Masson染色显示高脂喂养大鼠肾间质ECM沉积增多,纤维粘连蛋白FN检测也显示模型组表达强于对照组。结论:高脂饮食喂养可能通过上调肾脏小管上皮细胞SREBP-1表达使细胞内脂滴沉积,并进一步诱导TGF-β1、α-SMA合成而导致细胞外基质堆积。     

口服氯化汞对大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

目的口服氯化汞(HgCl2)造成大鼠的肾间质纤维化模型并探讨相关机制。方法用不同剂量HgCl2[(A组为5mg/(kg·bw)、B组为10mg/(kg·bw)、C组为20mg/(kg·bw)]给大鼠灌胃1周,观察大鼠一般状况、肾功能和肾组织病理变化,免疫组化法观察肾组织纤维连接蛋白(FN)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)表达。结果模型大鼠体重下降,肾体比增加,肾功能损害和肾组织Hyp含量呈剂量依赖性升高,肾间质炎性细胞浸润,肾间质胶原沉积增加,肾间质FN和α-SMA表达增强,以C组病变最重。结论20mg/(kg·bw)剂量HgCl2灌胃1周可造成大鼠的肾间质纤维化病变,其部分机制在于HgCl2促使肾间质肌成纤维细胞活化和细胞外基质的生成沉积。     

糖尿病大鼠血糖控制前后肾小管上皮细胞VEGF、TGF-β1及Smad蛋白表达的动态研究

目的动态观察链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠血糖控制前后肾小管上皮细胞（TEC）中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、Smad2/3、Smad4的表达情况,探讨四者在糖尿病大鼠TEC表型转变和肾间质纤维化中可能发挥的作用及相互关系。方法实验动物随机分为5组,依病程长短分为①A组（2周组）,②B组（4周组）,③C组（8周组）,④D组（16周组）,⑤E组（24周组）,每组分别设有正常对照组（N组）和糖尿病组（a组）;另外,16周、24周两组加设胰岛素治疗组（b组）。采用尾静脉注射STZ法复制糖尿病大鼠模型;免疫组织化学方法检测肾小管VEGF、TGF-β1、Smad2/3、Smad4及α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（-αSMA）和纤连蛋白（FN）的表达;Western blot检测肾皮质VEGF和TGF-β1蛋白;PAS染色光镜观察肾小管基底膜变化及细胞外基质沉积情况等形态学改变;生化方法测定血糖、血肌酐及24小时尿蛋白量。结果正常对照组VEGF、TGF-β1及Smad2/3、Smad4在肾小管均有少量表达,-αSMA在肾小管无表达;糖尿病组肾小管前述四者的表达均显著高于正常对照组,且从16周开始肾小管上皮细胞可见α-SMA蛋白阳性表达;糖尿病16周时肾小管VEGF、TGF-β1、Smad2/3、Smad4两两之间呈正相关;随糖尿病进展,α-SMA及FN在肾小管表达增多,24h尿蛋白增多,肾脏肥大指数增大,而VEGF、TGF-β1二者都分别和-αSMA、FN、24h尿蛋白及肾脏肥大指数呈正相关性;胰岛素治疗后,VEGF、TGF-β1、Smad2/3、Smad4及FN的表达都比糖尿病组明显下降,且各指标之间的正相关性依然存在,-αSMA蛋白则呈阴性表达。结论糖尿病肾病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞表达的VEGF、TGF-β1及Smad2/3、Smad4参与了TEC表型转变和肾间质纤维化的发生,并且VEGF和TGF-β1相互作用,共同促进了肾脏损害。胰岛素对DN大鼠TEMT和肾间质纤维化的影响可能部分是通过间接阻断VEGF、TGF-β1和Smad2/3、Smad4在TEC中的合成来实现的。     

转化生长因子β1和Snaill参与糖尿病大鼠肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转变

本文旨在观察转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)和锌指转录因子Snaill在糖尿病(diabetesmellitus,DM)大鼠.肾组织中的表达,并初步探讨它们与肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转变的关系.链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱发大鼠DM,按病程分为2、4、8、12、16、20、24周、16周胰岛素治疗(16wA)、20周胰岛素治疗(20wA)和24周胰岛索治疗(24wA)组(n=6).其中胰岛素治疗组动物从第13周起用胰岛素控制血糖至正常水平,每一时点均设鼠龄匹配的正常对照组.测定各组血糖、24 h尿蛋白、血肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、肾脏指数.PAS染色光镜观察肾脏病理学改变.免疫组织化学检测肾脏SnMll、TGF-β1、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)、E-钙黏素和纤连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)的表达;Western blot检测肾皮质SnailI、TGF-β1和E-钙黏素蛋白表达.RT-PeR检测肾皮质Snaill和E-钙黏素mRNA表达.结果显示:(1)DM各组大鼠的血糖、24 h尿蛋白、Scr、肾脏指数均较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),胰岛素治疗组大鼠上述指标均较DM组显著降低(P<0.01).(2)TGF-β1和Snmll免疫组织化学阳性染色见于DM各组大鼠肾小管,正常对照组未见阳性表达,胰岛素治疗组大鼠弱阳性表达,并随治疗时间延长而减少.从16周开始在DM大鼠肾小管上皮细胞可见α-SMA蛋白阳性表达,胰岛素治疗组大鼠未见α-SMA蛋白表达;DM组大鼠E-钙黏素蛋白阳性染色明显少于正常对照组.(3)DM组大鼠肾皮质TGF-β和Snaill蛋白以及Snaill mRNA表达较正常对照组显著增高(P<0.01),胰岛素治疗组大鼠则显著低于DM组(P<0.01);DM组E.钙黏素mRNA和蛋白表达与TGF-β1和Snaill呈相反变化.结果提示,TGF-βl和Snaill可能参与DM大鼠肾小管上皮细胞向问充质细胞转变,胰岛素治疗可抑制两者表达并阻断肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转变.     

树突状细胞C型凝集素DC-SIGN在人肾炎组织和肾小管上皮细胞表达

DC-SIGN(DC-specificICAM-grabbingnon-integrin,亦称CD209)属树突状细胞(DC)表面C型凝集素的膜蛋白。作为DC黏附及模式识别受体,其参与介导了DC的炎症组织迁移,识别捕获病原微生物,以及随后激活静息T细胞启动的免疫应答。为此观察了DC-SIGN及DC-SIGN DC在肾炎患者肾组织中表达和分布,以及DC-SIGN在炎性状态下培养人肾小管上皮细胞表达,探讨与肾小管间质炎症病变和损伤的关系。结果显示,DC-SIGN在正常肾组织基本不表达,而在肾炎早期即以肾小管上皮细胞为主表达上调,且随肾小管间质病变程度加重表达增强(P<0.01),与肾小管间质病变程度明显相关(P<0.01)。此外,DC-SIGN在经TNF-α刺激炎性状态下的人肾小管上皮细胞也明显表达。进一步发现,DC-SIGN DC在肾炎早期以肾间质为主分布聚集,也随肾小管间质病变程度加重明显增多(P<0.01),与肾小管间质病变程度显著相关(P<0.01),也与DC-SIGN表达相关联(P<0.01)。另外,DC-SIGN DC在肾小管间质分布数量与肾炎患者肾功能改变明显相关(P<0.05)。研究结果提示,DC-SIGN也是肾小管间质早期炎症的启动参与因素,其介导DC可能也参与了人肾炎肾小管间质的免疫损伤机制。     

SOCS1在糖尿病小鼠肾小管间质病变中的作用

该文探讨了细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白1(suppressors of cytokine sigmaling 1,SOCS1)在糖尿病小鼠肾小管间质病变中的作用。通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱发糖尿病小鼠模型,于成模后8周给予尾静脉快速注射p EF-FLAG-I/m SOCS1质粒(1 mg/kg),每隔7 d注射一次。于成模后12周收集标本,检测各组动物的血糖、24 h尿蛋白;应用RT-PCR检测肾组织中SOCS1、角蛋白18(cytokeratin,CK18)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)m RNA的表达;应用免疫组化或Western blot检测SOCS1、CK18、α-SMA和纤维黏连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)的表达;酶联免疫吸附实验检测肾组织中白细胞介素-1β(interleutin-1β,IL-1β)和转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)的表达;流式细胞术检测肾皮质中巨噬细胞标志蛋白CD68的表达。结果发现,与对照组相比,糖尿病小鼠肾组织中IL-1β、TGF-β1及FN的表达增强,巨噬细胞的数量增多;此外,肾小管上皮细胞自身标志蛋白CK18的表达减少而肌成纤维细胞标志蛋白α-SMA的表达增强。SOCS1质粒转染能降低24 h尿蛋白、抑制肾组织中CD68、IL-1β、TGF-β1和α-SMA的表达,同时部分恢复CK18的表达。结果表明,SOCS1可能通过抑制肾组织炎症反应和肾小管上皮细胞转分化从而缓解糖尿病小鼠肾小管间质病变。     

IgA肾病组织中巨噬细胞浸润与肾间质纤维化、EMT的关系及临床意义

目的探讨IgA肾病组织中巨噬细胞与肾小管间质纤维化(Tubulointerstitial fibrosis,TIF)及上皮细胞间充质转化(Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition,EMT)的关系及其临床意义。方法采用HE、PAS、PASM、Masson染色评估56例IgA肾病肾穿刺组织肾小管间质病理变化,根据肾小管萎缩及间质纤维化程度分为轻度、中度、重度三组,另设对照组5例,来自正常肾脏组织。采用免疫组织化学方法检测CD68、CD206及EMT相关蛋白TGF-β1、Vimentin、SMA、E-Cadherin的水平,并收集患者详细临床资料。结果 CD68、CD206蛋白在TIF重度组中的水平高于中度组,在TIF中度组中的水平高于TIF轻度组;CD68阳性巨噬细胞、CD206阳性巨噬细胞计数与TGF-β1、Vimentin及SMA蛋白的水平正相关;与E-Cadherin蛋白的水平呈负相关;与肾功能指标血肌酐、尿素氮及尿蛋白呈正相关。TGF-β1、Vimentin及SMA的水平与肾小管间质纤维化程度及肾功能指标血肌酐、尿素氮及尿蛋白正相关;E-Cadherin蛋白的表达与肾小管间质纤维化程度及肾功能指标血肌酐、尿素氮及尿蛋白呈负相关。结论巨噬细胞可能参与了IgA肾病的肾小管间质损伤,尤其是TGF-β1诱导的肾小管EMT过程。     

核心蛋白聚糖基因过表达对5/6肾切除大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响和机制

目的探讨腺相关病毒介导的核心蛋白聚糖(decorin,DCN)基因过表达对5/6肾切除大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响和机制。方法将DCN基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因(GFP)基因克隆入重组腺相关病毒(rAAV)载体中,在HEK293细胞中包装成rAAV-GFP和rAAV-DCN病毒。健康雄性wistar大鼠32只,随机分为假手术组(sham,n=8),手术组(operation,n=8),手术+rAAV-GFP病毒尾静脉注射组(GFP组),手术+rAAV-DCN基因尾静脉注射组(DCN组)。携带相应基因的病毒注射后3周行5/6肾切除术构建肾间质纤维化模型。术后第12周处死动物,肾组织切片行HE染色,天狼星红(Sirius red)染色和Masson染色。免疫组化方法检测TGFβ1和α-SMA。Western Blot检测肾组织TGFβ1、α-SMA、E-cadherin、p-smad2、smad2、samd7和p-P38 MAPK表达水平。结果DCN基因过表达显著抑制了5/6肾切除术所致血压升高和肾功能下降(P<0.05),明显减轻了5/6肾切除大鼠肾小球萎缩与代偿性肥大,肾小管扩张及管型形成。Sirius red和Masson染色表明DCN过表达明显抑制了5/6肾切除大鼠肾脏胶原沉积(P<0.05)。免疫组化结果显示DCN过表达明显减少了肾组织TGFβ1和α-SMA的表达(P<0.05)。Western blot结果显示DCN过表达明显下调了TGFβ1、α-SMA、p-smad2、p-P38 MAPK的表达,显著上调了E-cadherin and samd7的表达(P<0.05)。结论腺相关病毒介导的DCN基因过表达显著抑制5/6肾切除大鼠肾间质纤维化而保护肾功能,其机制与下调TGFβ1、α-SMA、p-smad2、p-P38 MAPK表达和上调E-cadherin和samd7表达有关。     

TGF-βII 型受体的RNA 干扰抑制肾纤维化

目的:研究针对TGF-βⅡ型受体的RNA干扰质粒对α-SMA表达的抑制作用,探讨RNA干扰TGF-βRII的方法对肾间质纤维化的抑制作用。方法:单侧结扎输尿管方法制备肾间质纤维化小鼠动物模型。分别经输尿管逆行注射a:RNA干扰质粒;b:错配对照质粒;c:空载体;d:生理盐水;e:正常对照。通过western-blot及免疫组织化学方法检测第3、5、10天后肾组织内TGF-βRⅡ、α-SMA,观察其对肾间质纤维化的抑制作用。结果:针对TGF-βRII的RNA干扰质粒,明显抑制肾组织内TGF-βRⅡ、α-SMA表达;几组对照未见相应作用。结论:针对TGF-βRⅡ的RNA干扰质粒,能够抑制肾间质纤维化的发生、发展,可能成为延缓肾功能减退的有效方法。     

耐受性树突状细胞

树突状细胞(DC)是体内功能最强的抗原提呈细胞,是一异质性的细胞群体,在免疫调节中扮演着双重角色.随着免疫学的发展,它在诱导器官移植耐受中的作用越来越受到重视,对其作用机制的研究也有了很大的进展.如何利用DC诱导抗原特异性免疫耐受并维持其耐受状态成为研究热点,并在此基础上提出了耐受性DC的概念.     

大鼠骨髓来源未成熟与成熟树突状细胞的对比研究

目的:对比培养大鼠骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞与成熟树突状细胞,并从形态学、表型及功能检测等多方面进行对比研究,为后续的实验做出基础研究。方法:大鼠脱臼法处死后取两侧胫骨、股骨,PBS冲洗骨髓腔收集骨髓细胞,经GM-CSF和IL-4刺激培养六天后,对比研究经LPS刺激组与未经LPS刺激培养组细胞状况。结果:①成熟树突状细胞悬浮生长,集落分散,扫描电镜下见其突起数目明显多于未成熟树突状细胞。②成熟树突状细胞高表达表面标记分子CD80、CD86、MHCⅡ,而未成熟树突状细胞均低表达。③成熟树突状细胞培养基上清中IL-12水平高,而未成熟树突状细胞培养基上清中IL-12水平低。④成熟树突状细胞具有强的刺激T细胞增殖能力,而未成熟树突状细胞基本不具有诱导T细胞增殖能力。结论:未成熟状态的树突状细胞具备致耐受原性,可抑制T细胞的应答,而成熟状态的树突状细胞由于获得了免疫刺激潜能从而会对炎性刺激做出反应。     

Dendritic Cells: Migratory Cells that are Attractive

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells, playing an important role in the initiation of T- and T cell dependent immune responses. DC are highly mobile cells and the sequential migration of DC in and out of tissues is accompanied by phenotypical as well as functional changes instrumental to their function as sentinels of the immune system. Herein, we will review recent progress in understanding the origin of DC, their migratory behaviour and their capacity to attract and interact with lymphocytes, with emphasis on the chemokine system.     

CpG特征结构与树突状细胞

近年来的研究表明 :ＣｐＧ特征结构是脊椎动物免疫系统识别微生物ＤＮＡ并产生针对抗原的保护性免疫反应的主要机制 ,它在体内及体外均能诱导以Ｔｈ1细胞为主的高水平、高特异性的细胞免疫应答 ;是质粒ＤＮＡ疫苗及裸ＤＮＡ疫苗诱导机体免疫应答的原因之一 ,在临床实验中ＣｐＧ ＯＤＮ已被用作抗原疫苗、ＤＮＡ疫苗治疗肿瘤、变态反应性疾病的强有力佐剂。ＣｐＧ特征结构能够诱导机体产生以Ｔｈ1细胞为主的细胞免疫应答是因为它能够作用于Ｔ细胞、Ｂ细胞、ＮＫ细胞、巨噬细胞及树突状细胞等免疫细胞。树突状细胞是机体最主要的专职抗原呈递…     

Dendritic Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Atherosclerosis

Although macrophages and other immune system cells, especially T cells, have been shown to play disease-promoting roles in atherosclerosis, less is known about the role of antigen presenting cells. Functional, immune stimulating dendritic cells (DCs) have recently been detected in aortic intima, the site of origin of atherosclerosis. We had compared DCs with macrophages in mice with experimental atherosclerosis, to clearly define cell types by developmental and functional criteria. This review summarizes recent advances in studies of DCs in humans and in mouse models of atherosclerosis, as well as providing a simple strategy to measure regulatory T (Treg) cells in the mouse aorta.     

Isolation of Mouse Lung Dendritic Cells

Lung dendritic cells (DC) play a fundamental role in sensing invading pathogens ^1,2 as well as in the control of tolerogenic responses ³ in the respiratory tract. At least three main subsets of lung dendritic cells have been described in mice: conventional DC (cDC) ⁴, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) ⁵ and the IFN-producing killer DC (IKDC) ^6,7. The cDC subset is the most prominent DC subset in the lung ⁸. The common marker known to identify DC subsets is CD11c, a type I transmembrane integrin (β2) that is also expressed on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and some B cells ⁹. In some tissues, using CD11c as a marker to identify mouse DC is valid, as in spleen, where most CD11c⁺ cells represent the cDC subset which expresses high levels of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). However, the lung is a more heterogeneous tissue where beside DC subsets, there is a high percentage of a distinct cell population that expresses high levels of CD11c bout low levels of MHC-II. Based on its characterization and mostly on its expression of F4/80, an splenic macrophage marker, the CD11c^hiMHC-II^lo lung cell population has been identified as pulmonary macrophages 10 and more recently, as a potential DC precursor ¹¹. In contrast to mouse pDC, the study of the specific role of cDC in the pulmonary immune response has been limited due to the lack of a specific marker that could help in the isolation of these cells. Therefore, in this work, we describe a procedure to isolate highly purified mouse lung cDC. The isolation of pulmonary DC subsets represents a very useful tool to gain insights into the function of these cells in response to respiratory pathogens as well as environmental factors that can trigger the host immune response in the lung. Download video file.^{(55M, mov)}     

Immunomodulatory Cross-Talk between Conjunctival Goblet Cells and Dendritic Cells

Goblet cells are secretory epithelial cells of mucosal tissues that confer protection from environmental agents or pathogens via expression and secretion of soluble mucins. Loss of these cells is associated with several chronic inflammatory disorders of the mucosa. Although demonstrated to transfer antigens from the luminal surface to stromal cells in the intestinal mucosa, it is not known if goblet cells contribute to the regulation of an immune response. In this study we report that similar to intestinal and respiratory mucosal epithelia, mouse ocular surface epithelia predominantly express the TGF-ß2 isoform. Specifically, we demonstrate the ability of goblet cells to express TGF-ß2 and increase it in response to Toll-Like Receptor 4 mediated stimulus in cultures. Goblet cells not only express TGF-ß2, but are also able to activate it in a thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) dependent manner via their cell surface receptor CD36. Furthermore, goblet cell derived soluble factors that possibly include TGF-ß2, alter dendritic cell (DC) phenotype to a tolerogenic type by downregulating DC expression of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and CD40. Thus our study demonstrates goblet cells as a cellular source of active TGF-ß2 in ocular mucosa and implicates their immunomodulatory function in maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis.     

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Deteriorate the Biophysical Properties of Dendritic Cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells and induce antigen-specific immune responses in the organism. The dysfunction of DCs has been implicated in tumor-bearing host. In order to elucidate the effects of tumor microenvironment on the functions of DCs from interdisciplinary aspects, we characterized the biophysical properties of DCs co-cultured with hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). The results showed that the biophysical characteristics of immature and mature DCs were severely impaired by HCC compared with those under normal conditions, including the increased osmotic fragilities, decreased cell membrane fluidities, increased membrane viscoelastic properties, dysfunction and increased expression of cytoskeleton protein F-actin, as well as the deteriorated transendothelium migration. The impaired biophysical properties of DCs may be one of many aspects of the immune escape mechanisms of tumors. These results are clinically and instructionally significant with regard to how to enhance efficiency of the anti-tumor therapy based on DCs. Zhu Zeng and Weijuan Yao contributed equally to this work.     

树突状细胞与肿瘤免疫

树突状细胞（dendriticcells,Dcs）是目前已知的功能最强的抗原提呈细胞,具有调节免疫应答与诱导免疫耐受的能力。而树突状细胞所发挥的功能与其是否成熟有很大的关系,未成熟状态的树突状细胞具备致耐受性,而成熟状态的树突状细胞则对肿瘤免疫起着重要作用。该文将对DC的免疫学特性及Dc与肿瘤的关系予以综述。