浅议微生物学教学综合改革

探讨了当前微生物学教学在教材建设、效率效果、成绩评定、教改应用等方面综合改革的方法和方向。立体教材是教材发展方向。教学效率的提高需要根据知识点灵活选取方法。教学效果的提高需要注重贴近社会需求、加强实践能力培养、紧密联系生产实际。微生物学理论课程成绩可采用客观公正题小量大的闭卷模式,实验成绩可通过独立实验来考核。好的微生物学教改成果应推广应用。     

《微生物学实验》

《微生物学实验》由多所院校长期从事微生物教学和科研工作的青年骨干教师编写,并由权威专家主审。编写者既有农林院校(南京农业大学、东北农业大学、东北林业大学)又有综合性院校(哈尔滨师范大学)的专家、教授,因此本书内容全面,即包括了普通微生物学实验所需要的总论部分实验技术,同时又具有动物微生物学实验技术所需要的各论实验部分;书中还介绍了一些国际上的最新实验技术,明显体现了本书的优势所在。该书特点：简明扼要、实用性强,并注意突出对学生独立工作能力的训练和培养。因此,本教材既适用于高等院校生命科学、微生物学、…     

改革微生物学实验教学方法, 提高学生综合能力

为了使学生在微生物学实验课程中注重动手动脑能力的培养, 提高自身综合能力, 成为高素质的专业技术人才, 本文对微生物学实验教学中的教学进度、教材、学生能力的培养方式和考核方式等方面进行了探讨和改革。     

中外微生物学教材建设状况调查与分析比较

优秀教材是高水平课程教学的前提与基础.本文对国内外微生物学教材的建设和发展状况进行了调查研究和分析比较,希望能为今后我国选择、引进、利用国外优秀英文版微生物学教材,以及加强我国自身高水平微生物学教材建设的工作提供借鉴.     

浅谈《微生物学》的课堂讲授

结合我们编著的<微生物学>教材,阐述了讲好<微生物学>课程的动力、境界和手段,指出对学科的热爱和兴趣是讲好微生物学的动力,充分认识微生物的"共性"和"特性",是讲好微生物学的一种境界,兴趣是最好的老师,也是激发学生求知欲的重要手段.另外,为了培养创新型人才,作为教师不仅要"授人以鱼",而且更要"授人以渔",引导学生"知其所以然".     

《医学微生物学》教材中 某些知识点的更新与解析

医学微生物学教材是学习医学微生物学基础理论的必备工具,同时也是接触该学科前沿知识的重要媒介。随着生命科学各学科的发展,教材应及时更新。本研究就我国医学院校普遍使用的人民卫生出版社出版的《医学微生物学》(8版)教材中需要更新的知识点进行汇总,并对一些较难的知识点进行解析。这些知识点的更新和解析将有助于《医学微生物学》教材的再版,也有利于该学科的教与学。     

微生物学发展的一些事件的启示

我们在编写面向２１世纪的“微生物学”教材中,对国内外微生物学教材进行了比较［１］,对我们编写的教材如何现代化也提出了一些看法［２］,而在重温微生物学发展史时,其中一些事件对我们科研、教学和开发都有所教益,对面向２１世纪的微生物学的发展,也可借鉴。因而编写出几篇小文,发表我们的感想,请批评指正。１提出问题比解决问题更重要１９２９年英国微生物学家弗莱明（Ｆｌｅｍｉｎｇ）在培养金黄色葡萄球菌时,发现一种青霉菌能抑制金黄色葡萄球菌生长,经仔细观察研究,认为是由于这种霉菌产生的代谢产物作用之故,这种代谢产…     

国家级重点教材“微生物学”的教学使用体验*

采用面向21世纪国家级重点教材《微生物学》进行了二次教学实践,深切地体会到该书是一本内容丰富,结构合理,重视对学生能力的培养,并较好地处理了基础性、系统性和先进性之间关系的优秀教材。对于教师建立科学、合理、适应现代微生物学发展趋势的课堂讲授体系,丰富教学内容、保证教学效果起着不容置疑的重要作用。     

浅谈《微生物学》的课堂讲授

结合我们编著的《微生物学》教材, 阐述了讲好《微生物学》课程的动力、境界和手段, 指出对学科的热爱和兴趣是讲好微生物学的动力, 充分认识微生物的“共性”和“特性”, 是讲好微生物学的一种境界, 兴趣是最好的老师, 也是激发学生求知欲的重要手段。另外, 为了培养创新型人才, 作为教师不仅要“授人以鱼”, 而且更要“授人以渔”, 引导学生“知其所以然”。     

国家级重点教材“微生物学”的教学使用体验

采用面向21世纪国家重点教材《微生物学》进行了二次教学实践,深切地体会到该书是一本内容丰富,结构合理,重视对学生能力的培养,并较好地处理了基础性、系统性和先进性之间关系的优秀教材。对于教师建立科学、合理、适应现代微生物学发展趋势的课堂讲授体系,丰富教学内容、保证教学效果起着不容置疑的重要作用。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.