《微生物学》中“微生物物种多样性”的教学内容和教学方式探讨

微生物学是各类高校生命科学学院及医、药、农、林、食品等有关专业本科生的必修专业基础课,地位十分重要。对微生物多样性的研究是各相关领域中的重要研究热点,且不断取得丰硕的研究成果。然而,目前大多数高等教育规划教材《微生物学》缺乏对微生物多样性知识点、研究方法及相关领域研究进展的系统介绍,在一定程度上局限了学生对该知识点的学习和掌握,不利于拓展学习视野。在分析了相关概念、研究方法并对比国内外主流《微生物学》相关教材的基础上,结合教材的专业倾向,我们建议在《微生物学》教材中适当增加微生物多样性知识点内容及该领域研究进展,让学生与时俱进,进一步接轨专业研究前沿。     

医学人文在医学微生物学教学中的应用

在讲授医学微生物学知识的同时,对医学生进行医学人文教育,将有助于培养德才兼备的医学人才。本文提出了在医学微生物学课程中可融入人文教育的几项知识点,希望对该课程的医学人文教育有所启示。     

建构主义教学模式在医学微生物学教学实践中的应用

传统的教学模式是以"教师为中心",建构主义教学模式强调"以学生为主体"。医学微生物学教学存在课时少、内容繁杂、知识点琐碎、逻辑性较差等特点,采用传统教学模式往往不能达到较好的教学效果。通过将建构主义理论引入医学微生物学教学实践中,我们设计了适合医学微生物学的建构主义教学模式,充分调动学生的主动性、积极性和创造性。该模式的应用,进一步提高了医学微生物学的教学质量,增加了学生综合素质的培养。     

青年教师提高医学微生物学教学质量的体会

医学微生物学是一门重要的医学基础课程,具有知识点繁多、内容分散的特点。拥有高学历的青年教师正逐步成为高等院校的主力军,提高青年教师医学微生物学教学质量是亟待解决的重要问题。本文从夯实教学基本功、提升教学能力、灵活运用多种教学方法和数字化教学手段、处理教学与科研的关系等多个方面,对如何提高青年教师医学微生物学教学质量进行了探讨。     

千锤百炼出精品, 一部值得推荐的好教材

由武汉大学沈萍教授和陈向东教授主编的《微生物学》(彩色版)是国内第1部4色印刷的微生物学教材, 是经过多名微生物学专家的共同努力精心完成的。在注重加强基础的同时, 还突出新颖性和启发性; 将理论与实践有机结合, 对于学生自助学习能力的培养和创造力的培养很有帮助。精心设计的大量插图的运用也为该教材增色不少。     

“微生物学与免疫学”课程思政的探索与实践

"微生物学与免疫学"是药学、农学、生物学等生命科学相关学科的基础核心课程,也是当今世界发展最为迅猛、对人类生活影响最大的学科之一。高校为达到"立德树人"的教育根本任务,应将微生物学与免疫学课程建设成为思政教育的重要阵地。将我国科学家的突出科学贡献、教材知识点以及相应的思政内容有机整合,实现巩固知识、强化专业教学,加强思政教育,达到"立德树人"的培养目标。本文介绍了以我国科学家的案例进行微生物学与免疫学课程思政教学的探索和实践,将典型案例融入到教材知识点中有利于课程思政的建设。     

医药中专《微生物学》教学的实践与体会

《微生物学》是一门知识点多,与边缘学科知识交叉多,内容抽象而深奥的课程。在医药中专学校,它是中西药制剂、药物分析、医药商品等很多专业的基础课。因长期在中专学校从事《微生物学》课程的教学,在此谈一谈医药中专学校《微生物学》课的教学体会与实践。1　了解教学对?..     

基于学科知识迭代背景下医学微生物学教学内容中的若干问题探讨与对策分析

随着医学学科的发展和技术的创新,医学微生物学学科知识也不断发展更新。本文对目前医学院校医学微生物学课程教学在面对微生物前沿理念和知识冲击中存在的若干问题进行了剖析,包括对微生物群与宿主健康的新认识、微生物分类的演变、对微生物结构的更新认识,以及器官系统主线和生物学分类主线的知识体系存在的矛盾等。同时也探讨了通过调整重构教学内容、应用多元化教学方法,引入器官系统主线并存等作为可能的解决对策。在新医科的大背景下,医学微生物学课程教学内容的改革势在必行,以适应学科发展并助力人才培养目标的实现。     

欢迎订阅2005年《微生物学杂志》

《微生物学杂志》是包括工业微生物学、农业微生物学、医学医药微生物学、兽医微生物学、食用菌及生物工程学在内的综合性学术刊物,为我国生物学核心期刊。1987年开始被美国《化学文摘(CA)》、《中国生物学文摘》、《中国核心期刊(遴选)数据库》、《万方数据一数字化期刊群上网期刊》、《中国学术期刊综合评价数据库》、《中国期刊全文数据库》等国内外重要检索刊物摘引和收录。     

欢迎订阅2004年《微生物学杂志》

《微生物学杂志》是包括工业微生物学、农业微生物学、医学医药微生物学、兽医微生物学、食用菌及生物工程学在内的综合性学术刊物,为我国生物学核心期刊。1987年开始被美国《化学文摘C·A》、《中国生物学文摘》等国内外重要检索刊物摘引和收录。主要任务有开展学     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.