粟酒裂殖酵母N-糖酰胺酶在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及活性分析

根据GenBank中公布的粟酒裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)N-糖酰胺酶(Png1p)cDNA序列, 设计并合成一对特异性引物, 利用RT-PCR技术从粟酒裂殖酵母中克隆出糖酰胺酶cDNA。将得到的基因克隆到表达载体pET-15b中。重组质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中, 经诱导表达和纯化提取后, 进行酶活测定。实验结果表明, 该酶的分子量约为39 kD, 纯化后的重组N-糖酰胺酶可以对变性处理的糖蛋白进行糖链的切除, 且这种作用需要还原剂DTT的辅助作用; N-糖酰胺酶只对错误折叠的糖蛋白有作用, 对天然的糖蛋白没有作用。等量粟酒裂殖酵母Png1p在不同温度、pH、DTT浓度和底物变性温度下对等量核糖核酸酶B(RNase B)的脱糖基化检测发现, 重组酶的最适反应温度30°C, 最适反应pH为7.0, 需要的最适DTT浓度为10 mmol/L, 底物在100°C处理10 min时酶的脱糖基化率最高。     

N-糖酰胺酶F在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及其脱糖基化作用研究

从脑膜炎脓杆菌（Flavobacterium meningosepticum）基因组中通过PCR扩增了N-糖酰胺酶F（PNGase F）基因,经酶切后与表达载体pET28a连接,获得的重组质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。重组大肠杆菌经诱导表达和纯化提取后,获取大量高纯度N-糖酰胺酶F,其纯度达90%以上。试验证明,经纯化的重组N-糖酰胺酶F可以切除核糖核酸酶B、转铁蛋白和人IgG等糖蛋白上的N-糖链,具有脱糖基化作用。     

Man8GlcNAc2糖基化的酿酒酵母菌株的构建

酿酒酵母糖蛋白的N-糖基化经过高尔基体的修饰后形成聚合度约150-200的甘露寡糖,高尔基体N-糖基化的糖基转移酶Mnn1p和Och1p在甘露寡糖的形成过程中起关键作用。通过同源重组置换敲除了酵母中的MNN1和OCH1基因阻断高尔基体N-糖基化修饰,分离纯化了mnn1 och1突变株中的N-糖蛋白,糖酰胺酶PNGaseF酶解释放的N-糖链经过2-氨基吡啶衍生后,利用HPLC和MALDITOF/MS结合的方法分析了突变株糖蛋白上的N-糖链。结果显示mnn1 och1突变株中的糖蛋白的N-糖链为结构单一的糖链,分子量为1794.66,推测为Man8GlcNAc2。     

Man8GlcNAc2糖基化的酿酒酵母菌株的构建

酿酒酵母糖蛋白的N-糖基化经过高尔基体的修饰后形成聚合度约150-200的甘露寡糖,高尔基体N-糖基化的糖基转移酶Mnn1p和Och1p在甘露寡糖的形成过程中起关键作用。通过同源重组置换敲除了酵母中的MNN1和OCH1基因阻断高尔基体N-糖基化修饰,分离纯化了mnn1 och1突变株中的N-糖蛋白,糖酰胺酶PNGaseF酶解释放的N-糖链经过2-氨基吡啶衍生后,利用HPLC和MALDITOF/MS结合的方法分析了突变株糖蛋白上的N-糖链。结果显示mnn1 och1突变株中的糖蛋白的N-糖链为结构单一的糖链,分子量为1794.66,推测为Man₈GlcNAc₂。     

毕赤酵母表达的嗜热蓝状菌β-葡萄糖苷酶N-糖基化修饰的作用与功能

【目的】研究N-糖基化对来源于嗜热蓝状菌β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-glucosidase,Bgl3A)的酶学性质影响。【方法】采用定点突变技术构建了3个去N-糖基化的突变体T44A、S228A、S299A,并分别在毕赤酵母GS115中表达纯化。【结果】与野生型Bgl3A相比,突变体S228A分泌蛋白产量极低,仅能微量检测到p NPG活性;突变体T44A和S299A的最适pH和最适温度没有改变,分别为4.0和75°C,但二者的T_m值和70°C下的热稳定性都明显优于野生型。以p NPG为底物时,突变体S299A和T44A的催化效率分别降低了14.5%和70.0%;以纤维二糖为底物时,T44A的催化效率基本不变,而S299A的催化效率提高了1.1倍。【结论】Bgl3A不同位点的N-糖基化修饰对酶的分泌和酶学性质的影响具有明显差异。其中,N226位的N-糖基化在维持酶的表达和功能方面至关重要,而去除N297位点的N-糖基化可以提高酶的热稳定性及对纤维二糖的催化效率。     

水稻N-糖酰胺酶基因 (OsPNGase A) 的克隆及在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

N-聚糖酶是一类广泛应用于糖蛋白的N-糖基化修饰研究中的去糖基化酶。本研究通过RT-PCR从水稻中克隆了一个高GC含量(69.48%)的N-聚糖酶基因(Os PNGase A,XM_015775832),通过无缝克隆技术构建酵母分泌型表达载体p PICZ(α)A-Os PNGase A,在毕赤酵母SMD1168H中进行诱导表达,发酵液经DEAE Sepharose阴离子交换层析和His Trap HP金属离子螯合层析纯化,产量可达到12.3 mg/L,比活力为258 U/mg。SDS-PAGE结果显示,纯化的Os PNGase A为单一条带且与预期分子量一致。Os PNGase A能作用于水稻中重组表达的人转铁蛋白(TRF)、玉米中重组表达的鸡蛋抗生物素蛋白(Avidin)以及辣根过氧化物酶(HRP),并且对Avidin的酶切效果优于商业化的PNGase F。Os PNGase A反应的最适p H和温度分别为p H 6.0和40℃,在中性和碱性以及含有100 mmol/L还原剂β-ME和DTT的条件下仍具有活性。水稻Os PNGase A的成功表达为植物糖蛋白的研究提供一个新的工具酶,酵母分泌表达体系的建立为PNGase A的大量制备奠定了基础。     

嗜热枯草芽孢杆菌普鲁兰酶基因的表达与重组酶的性质

克隆嗜热枯草芽孢杆菌WY-34普鲁兰酶基因并在大肠杆菌中进行表达,对重组酶进行纯化和酶学性质研究,根据枯草芽孢杆菌的普鲁兰酶蛋白序列,设计PCR引物对WY-34的普鲁兰酶基因进行克隆及异源表达.对表达蛋白的最适pH、pH稳定性及最适温度、温度稳定性等特性进行研究,并测定重组普鲁兰酶的底物特异性.将普鲁兰酶基因pluA克隆及分析序列后,发现基因长度为2.2 kb,编码718个氨基酸,在大肠杆菌中异源表达.通过Ni-IDA亲和层析一步纯化得到比活力为93.2 U/mg的纯酶,SDS-PAGE和凝胶层析测定的分子量分别为76.2 kD和74.3 kD.酶学性质研究表明,该酶的最适温度为40℃,在温度不高于45℃条件下稳定;最适pH为6.0,同一温度下pH 6.0-9.0范围内处理30 min可以保持80％以上的酶活力,此酶对普鲁兰糖有很强的底物特异性.此重组普鲁兰酶的酶学性质表明此酶具有一定的工业化应用价值.     

菊糖蔗糖酶的性质鉴定及菊糖的酶法合成

菊糖作为益生元和膳食纤维,具有许多重要的生理功能,广泛应用于食品、医药等领域。微生物菊糖蔗糖酶可以以蔗糖为底物合成较植物菊糖具有更高分子量的菊糖。文中通过基因数据库筛选获得一段拟表达菊糖蔗糖酶的基因。通过N-端和C-端截断的方式,保留中间催化域,构建重组质粒。将重组质粒在大肠杆菌表达系统中表达,粗酶液经Ni2+亲和层析纯化,获得分子量约为65 kDa的重组酶。以蔗糖为唯一底物时,重组酶的最适pH和温度分别为5.5和45 ℃。金属离子在不同程度上抑制酶的活性。产物多糖分离纯化后,使用核磁共振鉴定产物多糖为β-(2,1)糖苷键连接的菊糖。最后对菊糖合成的条件进行优化,结果表明：以700 g/L的蔗糖为底物,加酶量4 U/mL时,7 h后菊糖产量达到最大,约为287 g/L,蔗糖到菊糖的转化率约为41%。     

蜡样芽胞杆菌GXBC-3三个普鲁兰酶基因的表达及其酶学特性

探索获得优良的新型普鲁兰酶基因,丰富普鲁兰酶理论,对实现普鲁兰酶国产化具有重要意义。分析GenBank数据库中蜡样芽胞杆菌假定Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型普鲁兰酶基因序列,从实验室保藏的蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacilluscereus GXBC-3中克隆得到3个普鲁兰酶基因pulA、pulB、pulC,并分别导入大肠杆菌进行胞内诱导表达。纯化重组酶酶学性质研究表明重组酶PulA能水解α-l,6-和α-l,4-糖苷键,为Ⅱ型普鲁兰酶,以普鲁兰糖为底物时,最适反应温度及pH分别为40℃和6.5,比活力为32.89 U/mg;以可溶性淀粉为底物时,最适反应温度及pH分别为50℃和7.0,比活力为25.71 U/mg。重组酶PulB和PulC二者均只能水解α-l,6-糖苷键,为I型普鲁兰酶,以普鲁兰糖为底物时,其最适反应温度及pH分别为45℃、7.0和45℃、6.5,比活力分别为228.54 U/mg和229.65 U/mg。     

来源于耐碱真菌Pseudallescheria sp. JSM-2的碱性木聚糖酶基因的克隆、表达及其性质研究

从造纸废水中分离得到的耐碱真菌Pseudallescheria sp. JSM-2的DNA为模板,利用同源克隆和TAIL-PCR的方法,获得了一个碱性木聚糖酶基因xyl11-1。该基因DNA和cDNA分别为797 bp和678 bp。该基因的推测蛋白N-端有一个18个氨基酸的信号肽序列和一个含207个氨基酸的成熟蛋白。编码成熟蛋白的cDNA序列在毕赤酵母GS115中重组表达后,进一步纯化并进行酶学性质测定。重组XYL11-1的最适pH为6.5,在pH 4.5~9.0范围有50%以上的酶活;在pH 4.5~12.0范围具有良好的pH稳定性;最适温度为50℃;以燕麦木聚糖为底物,比活为2 618 U/mg;且对中性和碱性蛋白酶具有极好的抗性。该酶作用底物范围广,包括各种木聚糖、纤维素和葡聚糖,易于工业化发酵生产,具有在纸浆脱墨、动物饲料、鱼类饵料中的应用潜力。     

拟南芥VSP2蛋白的重组表达及其酸性磷酸酶活性的测定

通过PCR扩增从拟南芥cDNA文库中得到VSP2蛋白的编码序列,将其构建到原核表达载体pET-22b上,并在大肠杆菌BL21菌株中实现高效可溶表达。经过Ni-NTA亲和层析一步纯化,获得电泳纯的重组VSP2蛋白。以pNPP为底物检测,该蛋白具有酸性磷酸酶活性,反应的最适pH值4.5,最适温度为45oC,Km值为26.2mM。重组VSP2蛋白表达量高,纯化后均一性好,适于蛋白晶体生长。     

Influence of Substrate Conformation on the Deglycosylation of Ribonuclease B by Recombinant Yeast Peptide：N-glycanase

Peptide:N-glycanase has been thought to be responsible for proteasome-dependent degradationof misfolded glycoproteins translocated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol.Therefore,theenzyme was supposed to be able to distinguish between native and non-native glycoproteins.In the presentstudy,a recombinant,yeast peptide:N-glycanase,Png lp, was expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusionbodies and was purified,refolded and characterized.The results showed that the recombinant enzymehas a broad pH range adaptation,from pH 4.0 to pH 10.0,and has an optimum temperature of 30 ℃.This enzyme is a zinc metalloenzyme.Its activity was abolished with the addition of EDTA and notrestored by adding metal ions.Furthermore,the deglycosylation efficiency of recombinant Pnglpfrom E.coli was investigated with respect to the substrate conformation in vitro.When ribonuclease B(RNase B) was denatured at 60-65 ℃ or by 40-60 mM dithiothreitol, indicated by its obvious structuralchange and sharpest activity change,its deglycosylation by Pnglp was most prominent.The deglycosylationefficiency of RNase B by Pnglp was found to be related to its structural conformation and enzymaticactivity.     

小菜蛾气味受体蛋白PlxyOr83b基因的克隆及表达

【目的】克隆小菜蛾Plutella xyostella气味受体Or83b基因, 并进行原核表达, 为研究小菜蛾寄主选择行为的分子机理, 开发昆虫行为调节剂提供基础。【方法】提取小菜蛾的总RNA, 反转录获得总cDNA, 采用RT-PCR方法扩增目的基因, 将其克隆至T载体并测序, 然后将目的基因克隆到大肠杆菌Escherichia coli表达载体pET-32a (+)中表达。经酶切、 PCR及测序鉴定正确后转化BL21 (DE3)菌株, 用IPTG诱导表达, 通过SDS-PAGE, Western印迹鉴定表达蛋白。【结果】获得了编码小菜蛾Or83b的cDNA序列, 该基因阅读框长1 413 bp, 编码471个氨基酸, 预测的等电点为7.19, 命名为PlxyOr83b（GenBank登录号为GQ923610）; 成功构建了pET-PlxyOr83b原核表达重组质粒, 目的基因获得高效表达, 其融合蛋白分子量为32.0 kD, Western blot 检测结果进一步表明PlxyOr83b在大肠杆菌DE3中得到正确表达。【结论】成功克隆和表达了小菜蛾气味受体基因PlxyOr83b, 该基因与其他昆虫Or83b基因基本一致。     

Recombinant Human Ribosomal Protein S16: Expression,Purification, Refolding,and Structural Stability

The cDNA of human ribosomal protein S16 was cloned into the expression vector pET-15b. Large-scale production of the recombinant protein was carried out in E. coli cells and highly purified protein was isolated. A method for refolding the protein from inclusion bodies was optimized. The secondary structure content of the refolded protein was analyzed by CD spectroscopy. It was found that 21 +/- 4% of the amino acid sequence of the protein forms alpha-helices and 24 +/- 3% is in beta-strands. The protein structure stability was studied at various pH values and urea concentrations. The protein is quickly denatured at pH above 8.0, whereas increasing of urea concentration causes slow unfolding of the protein.     

Characterization and regulation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene encoding thioredoxin

A cDNA coding thioredoxin (TRX) was isolated from a cDNA library of Schizosaccharomyces pombe by colony hybridization. The 438 bp EcoRI fragment, which was detected by Southern hybridization, reveals an open reading frame which encodes a protein of 103 amino acids. The genomic DNA encoding TRX was also isolated from S. pombe chromosomal DNA using PCR. The cloned sequence contains 1795 bp and encodes a protein of 103 amino acids. However, the C-terminal region obtained from the cDNA clone is -Val-Arg-Leu-Asn-Arg-Ser-Leu, whereas the C-terminal region deduced from the genomic DNA appears to contain -Ala-Ser-Ile-Lys-Ala-Asn-Leu. This indicates that S. pombe cells contain two kinds of TRX genes which have dissimilar amino acid sequences only at the C-terminal regions. The heterologous TRX 1C produced from the cDNA clone could be used as a subunit of T7 DNA polymerase, while the TRX 1G from the genomic DNA could not. The upstream sequence and the region encoding the N-terminal 18 amino acids of the genomic DNA were fused into the promoterless beta-galactosidase gene of the shuttle vector YEp357 to generate the fusion plasmid pYKT24. Synthesis of beta-galactosidase from the fusion plasmid was found to be enhanced by hydrogen peroxide, menadione and aluminum chloride. It indicates that the expression of the cloned TRX gene is induced by oxidative stress.     

Cloning of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue of elongation factor 1 alpha by two-hybrid selection of calmodulin-binding proteins.

This study reports the cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1alpha) from the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The cDNA was cloned from an Schizosaccharomyces pombe expression library by a two-hybrid selection for clones encoding calmodulin (CaM)-binding proteins. The predicted protein is highly homologous to mammalian EF1alpha, indicating a strong tendency towards conservation of the primary amino acid sequence. The protein was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion in both bacteria and in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The bacterial protein was shown by solution assay to compete with CaM kinase II for CaM. The CaM binding domain was localized to the C-terminus of the protein by this method. Expression of full-length EF1alpha in vivo caused an increase in cell cycle length and a decreased rate of growth as evidenced by a lack of elongated cells in slowly dividing cultures. This effect appears to involve CaM binding because a truncation mutant version of EF1alpha lacking the CaM binding domain did not cause cell cycle delay.     

Activation of channel activity of the NMDA receptor-PSD-95 complex by guanylate kinase-associated protein (GKAP)

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe UDP-galactose transporter cDNA (SpUGT cDNA), encoding the product of the gms1+ gene which consists of two exon sequences separated by a 173-bp intron, was cloned by RT-PCR. Its product, a hydrophobic protein of 353 amino acid residues resembling its human counterpart, was expressed in the Golgi membranes of UDP-galactose transporter-deficient Lec8 cells, and complemented the genetic defect of the mutant cells. This indicated that SpUGT cDNA encodes the functional S. pombe UDP-galactose transporter. The product of an ORF found in the second exon, which was previously assumed to be the S. pombe UDP-galactose transporter, thus represents an inactive, truncated form of the SpUGT protein.     

Characterization of a second gene encoding gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe

The first gene encoding gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTI) of the fission yeast has previously been characterized, and its expression was found to be regulated by various oxidative stress-inducing agents. In this work, a second gene, encoding GGTII, was cloned and characterized from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The structural gene encoding GGTII was amplified from the genomic DNA of the fission yeast and ligated into the shuttle vector pRS316 to generate the recombinant plasmid pPHJ02. The determined sequence contains 3040 bp and is able to encode the putative 611 amino acid sequence of GGTII, which resembles the counterparts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus, and Escherichia coli. The DNA sequence also contains 940-bp upstream and 289-bp downstream regions of the GGTII gene. The Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells harboring plasmid pPHJ02 showed about 4-fold higher GGT activity in the exponential phase than the cells harboring the vector only, indicating that the cloned GGTII gene is functional. The S. pombe cells containing the cloned GGTII gene were found to contain higher levels of both intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and GSH uptake. The S. pombe cells harboring plasmid pPHJ02 showed increased survival on solid media containing hydrogen peroxide, diethylmaleate, aluminum chloride, cadmium chloride, or mercuric chloride. The GGTII mRNA level was significantly elevated by treatment with GSH-depleting diethylmaleate. These results imply that the S. pombe GGTII gene produces functional GGTII protein and is involved in the response to oxidative stresses in S. pombe cells.     

人BMP4基因的克隆及其原核表达载体的构建

以成熟人胎盘组织为材料来源,克隆人BMP-4基因的全长cDNA,经过PCR扩增后与pMD18-T载体连接,构建pMD18-T-BMP4克隆质粒.酶切后回收小片段与表达载体pET-22b的多克隆酶切位点连接,构建原核表达载体pET22b-BMP4,酶切及测序鉴定重组子.重组质粒转化至感受态的Rosseta宿主菌,经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测蛋白表达情况.结果显示,从胎盘组织中成功地克隆到人BMP4基因,与NCBI中公布的序列100％相符合,原核表达载体pET22b-BMP4转化至Rosseta构建表达菌体,经IPTG诱导后电泳分析可见重组蛋白表达的条带.