48株爱德华氏菌糖酵解持家酶的胞外分泌

【背景】病原菌的糖酵解持家酶能分泌到胞外或定位在细胞膜表面,在病原菌的侵染和细胞粘附方面发挥着重要作用,爱德华氏菌是重要的鱼类致病菌,研究其糖酵解持家酶的胞外分泌有助于该病原的致病机制研究和疫苗开发。【目的】探究爱德华氏菌中糖酵解持家酶的胞外分泌。【方法】通过ELISA方法考察48种不同来源的爱德华氏菌中5种糖酵持家酶的胞外分泌。【结果】48种不同来源的爱德华氏菌中糖酵解持家酶蛋白均能分泌到胞外。【结论】爱德华氏菌中糖酵解持家酶的胞外分泌是普遍现象。     

柑橘溃疡病菌II型分泌通道基因xpsD突变体的鉴定及功能分析

【目的】鉴定柑橘溃疡病菌胞外水解酶减弱突变体Mxac56-20的Tn5插入位点,及其在柑橘上的致病力。【方法】采用质粒拯救方法获得Tn5旁侧序列,与基因组信息比对后明确突变体的插入位点;构建功能互补载体对突变体进行功能互补,检测互补菌株胞外蛋白水解酶、纤维素酶和淀粉酶的恢复情况;在寄主植物柑橘上观察致病力变化。【结果】Mxac56-20的Tn5插入位点是II型分泌系统xpsD基因,所构建的互补载体使突变体的胞外水解酶活性和致病力得到恢复。【结论】柑橘溃疡病菌xpsD基因的突变,导致胞外水解酶活性降低,在寄主上的致病力减弱,说明柑橘溃疡病菌的II型分泌系统在与寄主互作过程中起到致病因子的作用。     

红斑丹毒丝菌免疫原性蛋白的鉴定及其编码基因的克隆和测序北大核心CSCD

【目的】为深入研究红斑丹毒丝菌的免疫保护性抗原及其致病机制,采用免疫蛋白组学技术鉴定红斑丹毒丝菌的免疫原性蛋白。【方法】通过SDS-PAGE电泳分离红斑丹毒丝菌C43065株的NaOH提取抗原,用兔抗NaOH提取抗原抗血清经Western blot检测免疫原性蛋白,通过MALDI-TOF质谱技术鉴定蛋白种类,并对部分免疫原性蛋白的编码基因进行克隆和测序。【结果】通过MALDI-TOF质谱技术从C43065株NaOH提取抗原中鉴定出9个免疫原性蛋白,分别为Spa A、伴侣蛋白GroEL、烯醇化酶、ATP结合盒转运蛋白、丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E1、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶、果糖二磷酸醛缩酶、50S核糖体蛋白L1、30S核糖体蛋白S4。其中烯醇化酶、ATP结合盒转运蛋白、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶和果糖二磷酸醛缩酶已被证实与链球菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、脑膜炎奈瑟菌和结核分枝杆菌的致病性相关。C43065株伴侣蛋白GroEL、烯醇化酶、ATP结合盒转运蛋白、丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物E1、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶和果糖二磷酸醛缩酶编码基因大小分别为1614、1296、1260、1005和867 bp,与已公布的红斑丹毒丝菌Fujisawa株相应基因的相似度高达98%。【结论】本文所鉴定的9个免疫原性蛋白,为进一步开展红斑丹毒丝菌保护性抗原及其致病机制研究奠定基础。     

防御假单胞菌双突变体H78ΔrsmA/E中hmgA基因对藤黄绿菌素生物合成的抑制

【背景】防御假单胞菌(Pseudomonas protegens) H78是分离于油菜根际的一株生防菌,其能合成藤黄绿菌素(pyoluteorin,Plt)等多种广谱抗生素,H78的rsmA/E双突变体中Plt合成被完全抑制。【目的】通过转座子诱变技术,筛选H78ΔrsmA/E双突变体中重新激活Plt合成的下游调控因子。【方法】通过同源重组的方法在pltL基因下游插入红色荧光蛋白(redfluorescentprotein,RFP)基因来指示Plt操纵子表达的激活情况;利用转座子随机插入突变、半随机PCR技术筛选并定位目标基因;通过基因回补等方法进一步验证基因功能。【结果】从约2万株H78ΔrsmA/E的转座子突变体中筛选到一株高产Plt和某种黑色素的菌株,并确定其插入位点为hmgA基因,hmgA基因回补能重新抑制H78ΔrsmA/E的Plt合成。【结论】假单胞菌双突变体H78ΔrsmA/E中hmgA基因对Plt的合成存在强烈抑制作用,是潜在的RsmA/E下游调控基因。本研究为进一步阐明Plt合成的调控机制与网络及通过基因工程提高Plt产量奠定了基础。     

弗氏柠檬酸菌1,3-丙二醇合成的代谢工程研究

【目的】研究弗氏柠檬酸菌(Citrobacter freundii) 1,3-丙二醇合成的代谢过程。【方法】构建甘油脱氢酶基因GSR-lacZ、1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶基因PDO-lacZ和甘油脱水酶基因GL-lacZ等报告基因。在此基础上,构建3个相应的转座子突变文库。【结果】筛选到6株突变子,其相应关键酶表达水平提高1?11倍,1,3-丙二醇产量提高幅度为3%?50%。对转座子插入位点分析显示,5株突变子插入位点均为β-内酰胺酶(CKO_02592)编码基因,1株突变子插入位点为二氢硫辛酰胺基转移酶(CKO_02433)编码基因。进一步分析发现,β-内酰胺酶基因突变显著提高甘油脱水酶和甘油脱氢酶的表达水平,而1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶表达水平没有变化;二氢硫辛酰胺基转移酶基因突变显著提高1,3-丙二醇氧化还原酶表达水平,其他两种关键酶基因表达水平不变。【结论】β-内酰胺酶和二氢硫辛酰胺基转移酶基因能够分别影响1,3-丙二醇合成代谢途径关键酶的表达,为构建工程菌株打下基础。     

迟缓爱德华氏菌EcoRⅠ核糖体自动化分型与聚类分析

【目的】对26株迟缓爱德华氏菌进行自动化核糖体分型,并进行聚类分析。【方法】采用RiboprinterTM全自动微生物鉴定系统对分离自斑点叉尾鮰、日本鳗、多宝鱼、比目鱼、斑醴等宿主体内的迟缓爱德华氏菌进行核糖体分型,以限制性内切酶Eco RⅠ处理、切割菌株DNA;运用Bio Numerics软件分析图像数据。【结果】迟缓爱德华氏菌核糖体图谱与数据库中已有信息进行比对,ATCC15947和BYK00685的比对相似值0.85,分别为0.95及0.90。条形码经软件分析共产生21种核糖体条带,聚类分析分为3个群。条带之间呈现明显的地域性差异和宿主差别。来自北方及南方的菌株除少数几株以外,各自聚集为一个群;所有人源株则分布在第三群。【结论】自动化核糖体分型可以方便快捷地用于不同物种的菌株分型与流行病学追踪溯源。     

铜绿假单胞菌水解弹性蛋白能力相关基因的筛选与鉴定

【目的】研究铜绿假单胞菌弹性蛋白水解能力相关基因。【方法】应用人工Mu转座技术构建铜绿假单胞菌野生型菌株PA68的转座突变文库,从2000多个突变子中筛选得到4株弹性蛋白水解能力改变的突变子,并通过克隆及测序获得转座子插入位点侧翼的序列。将铜绿假单胞菌弹性蛋白酶结构基因lasB的转录启始区序列整合入载体pDN19lacΩ并将该重组质粒电转化入野生型菌株PA68及4个突变株中,对报告基因在不同菌株中的表达水平进行测定。【结果】发现4个突变株中Mu转座子分别插入lasA、galU、xcpZ和ptsP 4个基因。ptsP基因失活的突变株中,lasB基因的转录水平是野生型菌株的7%,xcpZ和lasA基因的失活使lasB基因的转录水平分别降低为野生株的54%和75%,galU基因的插入失活使lasB基因的转录上升了1倍。【结论】推测ptsP和galU基因很可能直接或间接地调控着弹性蛋白酶的生物合成。     

粗糙脉孢菌丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶家族基因敲除库纤维素酶表达分泌研究

【目的】蛋白磷酸化在丝状真菌细胞对外界纤维素酶诱导信号感应以及信号胞内的传导过程中有着重要的作用,而蛋白磷酸化是由蛋白激酶来完成的。为了挖掘在丝状真菌纤维素酶表达过程中发挥重要作用的激酶基因,对粗糙脉孢菌丝氨酸/苏氨酸家族的61株蛋白激酶单基因突变体的纤维素酶表达分泌情况进行了分析测定。【方法】在以微晶纤维素为唯一碳源的条件下,7株单基因突变体胞外分泌蛋白产量有显著变化,随后,对这7株突变体胞外蛋白进行了详细的SDS-PAGE分析和内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶酶活、β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活、外切纤维素酶酶活以及木聚糖酶酶活的测定。【结果】突变株W14、W38、W87和W40胞外分泌蛋白含量提高了30%以上,除了突变株W14外,其它突变体的内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶酶活分别显著提高了62%、42%和42%。而突变株W85、W26和W46胞外分泌蛋白含量降低了50%以上,相对应的内切-β-1,4-葡聚糖酶酶活也分别下降了86%、75%和84%。【结论】这些关于粗糙脉孢菌丝氨酸/苏氨酸家族蛋白激酶基因的挖掘,为进一步深入研究蛋白激酶在纤维素酶诱导表达调控中的分子机理奠定了基础。     

迟缓爱德华氏菌感染斑马鱼的模型构建及病理分析

【目的】本研究旨在建立迟缓爱德华氏菌感染斑马鱼的模型,以提供疾病模型用于病理学、药理学和药物学研究。【方法】通过不同途径对斑马鱼进行人工感染,模拟自然感染状态,并研究迟缓爱德华氏菌对斑马鱼的致病机理,包括死亡率、行为变化、生化指标和病鱼机体抗氧化能力的变化情况。【结果】比较3种感染途径,显示腹腔注射的致病力最强。迟缓爱德华氏菌感染后,斑马鱼表现出眼球突出、肛门出血、溃疡和腹水等症状。病理检查显示,感染后的斑马鱼发生急性炎症,可见肝细胞广泛坏死脱落,肝小叶萎缩,周围见吞噬细胞聚集。从患病斑马鱼体内分离出TX菌株,并通过特异性引物聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)鉴定为迟缓爱德华氏菌,确定该菌的半致死浓度LD50为3.65×102菌落形成单位(colony forming units, CFU)尾。与对照组相比,注射感染组的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活力降低22.26%,丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)显著升高16倍,酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase, ACP)活性和碱性磷酸...     

苏云金芽胞杆菌sigK 基因插入失活突变体的特点及其对cry3A基因启动子活性的影响

摘要: 【目的】构建苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt) sigK 基因插入失活突变体,分析突变体特点并明确其对cry3A 基因启动子的影响。【方法】采用同源重组技术在苏云金芽胞杆菌HD-73 菌株sigK 基因中插入卡那霉素抗性基因,构建了sigK 基因插入失活突变体。通过生长曲线测定、扫描电子显微镜观察晶体、芽胞形成情况和芽胞计数及SDS-PAGE 等方法分析了突变体的特点; 构建了遗传恢复菌株对上述性状进行了功能验证; 利用启动子融合lacZ 技术检测了cry3A 基因启动子的转录活性。【结果】获得了苏云金芽胞杆菌HD-73 菌株sigK 基因突变体,生长曲线测定表明,突变体较出发菌株在稳定期后期生长较慢; 扫描电子显微镜观察和芽胞计数分析显示,突变体丧失了形成芽胞和晶体的能力; SDS-PAGE 分析表明突变体中伴胞晶体蛋白的表达量明显低于出发菌株和恢复菌株。利用载体pHT315 携带sigK 基因及其启动子在突变株中表达,所获得的遗传恢复菌株恢复了突变株产生芽胞和晶体的能力; sigK 基因的突变可以提高cry3A 基因启动子在产胞后期的转录活性,对cry3A 启动子指导的Cry 蛋白表达量没有显著影响。【结论】本研究证明sigK 基因为苏云金芽胞杆菌芽胞形成所必需,并影响伴胞晶体蛋白的产量; sigK 基因功能的丧失有利于cry3A 基因启动子在产胞后期的转录。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.