麻黄碱复合利多卡因对顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响

目的比较麻黄碱预处理、利多卡因预处理和麻黄碱复合利多卡因预处理对顺式阿曲库铵起效时间、插管条件及其血流动力学的影响。方法选择全麻下行择期手术的患者120例随机分为4组,Ⅰ组生理盐水0.5ml,Ⅱ组麻黄碱70μg/kg,Ⅲ组利多卡因1.5mg/kg,Ⅳ组麻黄碱复合利多卡因70μg/kg+1.5mg/kg,预处理3min后4组患者均静脉注射顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg,在5s内注射完成。患者入睡后行肌松监测,使用4个成串刺激(TOF),待T1达最大抑制程度时行气管插管,记录肌松起效时间,评估气管插管条件,同时观察HR、BP的变化。结果Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肌松起效时间明显短于Ⅰ组(P0.05),而且Ⅳ组起效时间较Ⅱ、Ⅲ组短(P0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组气管插管优良率高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),但Ⅱ、Ⅲ组气管插管优良率比较无统计学意义;各组麻醉诱导期间均无明显心血管不良反应。结论麻黄碱复合利多卡因70μg/kg+1.5mg/kg预处理为较好的选择。     

BIS监测下两种快通道麻醉方式应用于鼻内镜手术的比较

目的:观察BIS指导两种快通道麻醉在鼻内镜手术中的应用及麻醉效果。方法:选择60例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期行功能性鼻内镜手术(FESS)患者,随机分为七氟醚诱导维持麻醉组(VIMA组)与异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉组(TIVA组)。VIMA组:8%七氟醚,氧流量8L/min,潮气量法吸入诱导,七氟醚维持麻醉;TIVA组:异丙酚2 mg/kg诱导,异丙酚维持麻醉。两组诱导时都静脉注射瑞芬太尼1μg/kg,罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,监测TOF值为0、BIS60并维持5 s后行气管插管。术中静脉泵注瑞芬太尼0.2μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1),分别调整七氟醚和异丙酚维持剂量使BIS值在气管插管后至手术结束前15 min左右保持在40~60之间,手术最后15 min保持于60~70之间。两组术后进行Steward评分,并比较两组各时点SBP、DBP、HR,拔管时间,快通道麻醉成功率和苏醒期不良反应发生率。结果:VIMA组拔管时间(11.60±2.55 min)比TIVA组的(7.13±3.26 min)明显延长(P0.05);TIVA组快通道成功率显著高于VIMA组(P0.05)。两组苏醒期不良反应的发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:异丙酚全凭静脉麻醉用于鼻内镜手术拔管时间比七氟醚诱导维持麻醉短,快通道麻醉效果更好。     

不同效应室浓度舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚对Narcotrend的影响

目的:探讨靶控输注不同效应室浓度的舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚对Narcotrend指数(NI)的影响。方法:选择60例全麻患者,年龄40-60岁,体重指数30 kg/m2,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,随机分为4组(n=15):舒芬太尼效应室靶控浓度0.1 ng/m L(A组)、0.2 ng/m L(B组)、0.3 ng/m L(C组)、0.4 ng/m L(D组);各组舒芬太尼达效应室靶浓度5 min后给予丙泊酚1 mg/kg。记录实验过程中的血压、心率、血氧饱和度及NI。所有患者在实验结束后,均调整至适宜的麻醉深度,给与阿曲库胺,进行气管插管。结果:靶控输注舒芬太尼使各组的NI有不同程度的降低,随着靶控浓度的增加,降低幅度增大;单纯靶控输注舒芬太尼时,其效应室浓度与NI呈负相关,相关系数为-0.456。结论:舒芬太尼能降低NI,舒芬太尼效应室浓度与NI呈负相关。而舒芬太尼效应室浓度0.4 ng/m L复合丙泊酚后,NI反而呈短暂的上升,随后下降的现象。     

不同剂量氯胺酮复合顺式阿曲库铵预注对肌松效应的影响

目的比较顺式阿曲库铵预注、不同剂量氯胺酮复合顺式阿曲库铵预注对顺式阿曲库铵起效时间、血流动力学的影响。方法选择全麻下行择期手术的患者120例随机分成4组,即Ⅰ(生理盐水0.5ml)组、Ⅱ(顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg)组、Ⅲ(顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg预注复合氯胺酮0.5mg/kg)组、Ⅳ(顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg预注复合氯胺酮1mg/kg)组,预注、预处理3min后,Ⅰ组静注插管剂量顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组静注剩余插管剂量顺式阿曲库铵0.14mg/kg。使用四个成串刺激(TOF),待T1达最大抑制程度时行气管插管,记录肌松起效时间,同时观察HR、BP的变化。结果Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肌松起效时间明显短于Ⅰ组(P0.05),且Ⅲ、Ⅳ组起效时间较Ⅱ组短(P0.05),但Ⅲ、Ⅳ组起效时间比较无统计学意义(P0.05);各组麻醉诱导期间均无明显心血管不良反应。结论氯胺酮0.5mg/kg复合顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg、氯胺酮1mg/kg复合顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg均能进一步缩短肌松起效时间,且无明显心血管不良反应。     

地佐辛复合右美托咪定用于高血压患者全麻诱导的效果

目的:观察地佐辛复合右美托咪定用于高血压患者乳腺癌手术全麻诱导的临床效果。方法:选择我院择期行乳腺癌改良根治术的患者90例,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,n=30。Ⅰ组给予芬太尼2~5μg/kg,Ⅱ组给予地佐辛0.2~0.3 mg/kg,Ⅲ组持续输注右美托咪定1μg/(kg·h)10 min后给予地佐辛0.2~0.3 mg/kg,三组患者均常规行全麻诱导。记录围插管期的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),并测定T0、T1、T2、T3时血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)的浓度,同时记录患者拔管即刻、拔管后1 min的MAP、HR及术中给予的心血管活性药物的总剂量等情况。结果:Ⅰ组患者MAP、HR在T1、T2、T5时刻的数值及围插管期血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度变化分别与其前一时点相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ两组围插管期血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度虽然都有波动,但与前一时点比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:地佐辛复合右美托咪定用于高血压患者乳腺癌手术全麻诱导不仅可以有效抑制气管插管应激反应,维持术中血流动力学稳定,降低患者术后对疼痛的敏感性,而且对患者术后意识、呼吸等恢复没有影响。     

瑞芬太尼与舒芬太尼复合异丙酚静脉麻醉在妇科腹腔镜手术的效果比较

目的:比较舒芬太尼、瑞芬太尼在妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉中的优越性.方法:60例行妇科腹腔镜手术的病人随机分成舒芬太尼组(S组):舒芬太尼+异丙酚,瑞芬太尼组(R组):瑞芬太尼+异丙酚.记录病人麻醉诱导前、麻醉诱导时、气管插管后即刻、气腹前、气腹(CO2压力达12cmH2O)后1、30、60min以及拔除气管导管后5min的SBP、DBP、HR、PErCO2;并观察记录病人术毕的清醒恢复时间及术后疼痛、恶心、呕吐的情况.结果:R组在麻醉诱导时、气管插管以及拔除气管导管后5min血液动力学变化较S组明显(p＜0.05或0.01),R组术后意识恢复时间和拔管时间明显早于S组(p＜0.05),S组术后疼痛的发生率明显少于R组(p＜0.05).恶心、呕吐的发生率无明显差异.结论:舒芬太尼在妇科腹腔镜手术麻醉中与瑞芬太尼比较在麻醉诱导时及术毕气管拔管时具有较高的血流动力学稳定性,在麻醉过程中的平稳性二者无显著差异,舒芬太尼在术后疼痛控制方面优于瑞芬太尼,而瑞芬太尼在术后意识恢复上优于舒芬太尼.     

异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼支持喉镜TCI麻醉的临床研究

目的:观察异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼TCI麻醉用于声带息肉摘除术的麻醉效果.方法:ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期声带息肉摘除术患者40例,随机分为2组,A组为TCI麻醉组,以异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼TCI维持,B组为静吸复合麻醉组,以七氟醚吸入维持.2组均采用同一方法诱导,行气管插管.观察记录麻醉诱导前(T1)、插管即刻(T2)、置入支撑喉镜时(T3)、置入喉镜后3 min(T4)、取出喉镜时(T5),各时间点的收缩压、舒张压、心率、BIS值的变化,记录自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间、完全清醒时间.结果:A组置入支撑喉镜时、置入喉镜后3 min收缩压、舒张压、心率变化无统计学意义,而B组的收缩压、舒张压、心率变化较大;A组自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管、完全清醒时间明显短于B组(P＜0.05).A组术后恶心、呕吐、躁动例数明显少于B组(P＜0.05).结论:异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼TCI麻醉可以有效抑制置入支撑喉镜时引起的血流动力学变化,苏醒迅速,副作用少,在声带息肉手术维持中明显优于七氟醚.     

不同剂量舒芬太尼对直肠癌患者全麻气管插管应激反应和血流动力学的影响

目的:研究不同剂量舒芬太尼对直肠癌患者全麻气管插管应激反应和血流动力学的影响。方法:选择2017年1月～2019年12月在我院择期进行腹腔镜直肠癌切除术患者90例作为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为A组、B组、C组,每组各30例。A组:0.4μg/kg舒芬太尼、B组:0.5μg/kg舒芬太尼,C组:0.6μg/kg舒芬太尼,观察并比较各组气管插管应激反应,插管前后血流动力学指标,麻醉恢复指标以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:插管后1 min及3 min,各组去甲肾上腺素(NA)、肾上腺素(AD)水平均较基础值显著上升,A组以上指标依次高于B组、C组(P0.05);A组、B组心率、平均动脉压水平均较基础值上升,A组以上指标高于B组,C组以上指标低于基础值(P0.05);A组、B组BIS值均较基础值下降,A组以上指标高于B组、C组(P0.05)。A组、B组自主呼吸恢复时间、呼吸睁眼时间和拔管时间比较无统计学差异(P0.05),但均短于C组(P0.05)。A组呛咳率显著高于B组、C组,C组恶心呕吐率高于A组、B组(P0.05)。结论:0.5μg/kg舒芬太尼能够减轻直肠癌全麻气管插管应激反应,减少血流动力学波动,且无苏醒延长,不增加药物不良反应。     

瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉全麻与异氟醚吸入全麻在小儿眼科手术中比较

目的：比较瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉全麻用于小儿眼科手术麻醉的安全性、有效性及可控性。方法：选择择期眼科手术的小儿40例,随机分为两组：瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉全麻组（RP组）和异氟醚吸入全麻组（Ⅰ组）,每组20例。麻醉诱导采用咪唑安定0．05mg·kg^-1,丙泊酚2mg·kg^-1,维库溴胺0．1mg·kg^-1,观察组用瑞芬太尼2μg·kg^-1,对照组用芬太尼3μg·kg^-1,气管插管后机械通气,RP组麻醉维持采用静脉持续输注瑞芬太尼0．1μg·kg^-1min^-1和丙泊酚,Ⅰ组麻醉维持用异氟醚吸入,术中根据麻醉深度调整异氟醚吸入浓度和丙泊酚输注速度。观察围术期两组血流动力学变化、自主呼吸恢复、气管拔管和清醒的时间,苏醒后躁动和恶心呕吐的发生率。结果：两组病人平均动脉压（MAP）变化：两组T1、T2、T3、T4与T0比较,MAP明显降低（P〈0．05）,T5与T0比较,MAP无明显差异（P〉0．05）;组间比较,两组在T0、T1、T2、T3、T4、T5点,MAP无明显差异（P〉0．05）。两组病人心率（HR）变化：Ⅰ组：T3、T4、T5与T0比较,心率显著增快（P〈0．05）,RP组：T1、T2、T3、T4与T0比较,心率明显降低（P〈0．05）,T5与T0比较,心率变化无明显差异（P〉0．05）。组间比较,两组在T0心率无明显差异,T1、T2、L、T4、T5观察组与对照组比较,心率明显降低（P〈0．01）。麻醉苏醒时间比较：RP组与Ⅰ组比较,病人自主呼吸恢复时间、意识恢复时间和拔管时间均明显缩短（P〈0．05）。RP组术后躁动、恶心呕吐发生率,均低于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）。结论：瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉全麻可为小儿眼科手术提供稳定血流动力学状态,快速苏醒,适用于小儿眼科手术麻醉。     

右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻在腰椎管减压、椎弓根钉内固定植骨、融合术中的应用

目的:观察右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻在腰椎管减压、椎弓根钉内固定植骨融合术中的应用价值。方法:将2015年7月至2019年8月于我院手术治疗84例腰椎退行性疾病患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组42例。观察组于麻醉诱导前静脉泵入0.5μg/kg右美托咪定并在术中以0.2μg/kg·h麻醉维持,对照组于麻醉诱导前静脉泵入生理盐水。对比两组麻醉诱导前(T0)、诱导后(T1)、插管后1 min(T2)和5 min(T3)、拔管1 min(T4)和5 min(T5)的心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)的数值,同时记录患者的手术时间、苏醒时间、瑞芬太尼用量及12 h内吗啡用量。比较各时间点VAS评分及不良反应的发生率。结果:与T0比较,两组患者T1时HR、SBP、DBP均显著降低(P<0.05),与T1比较,两组患者T2、T3和T4时HR、SBP、DBP均显著升高(P<0.05),观察组在T3、T4和T5时HR、SBP、DBP均显著降低(P<0.05)。观察组患者各时间点VAS评分及瑞芬太尼用量和24 h吗啡用量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患者不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:右美托咪定复合丙泊酚全麻能够维持术中血液动力学稳定,减少术中麻醉药物和术后镇痛药物用量,改善术后镇痛效果,且不良反应少。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.