右美托咪定联合氯胺酮与咪达唑仑麻醉诱导用于困难气道插管中的价值分析

目的:探讨右美托咪定联合氯胺酮与咪达唑仑麻醉诱导在困难气道插管中的应用价值。方法:选取2016年1月至2018年10月我院收治的80例困难气道患者进行回顾性研究,根据插管顺序将受试者分为对照组和研究组两组,每组40例。对照组患者给予氯胺酮与咪达唑仑进行麻醉诱导,研究组患者在对照组的基础上联合右美托咪定进行麻醉诱导。比较两组麻醉前(T1)、纤支镜经过会厌时(T2)、声门时(T3)、插管即刻(T4)、插管后60 s(T5)、插管后180 s(T6)、插管后300 s(T7)时的平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)、心率(Heart rate,HR)、血氧饱和度(Blood oxygen saturation,SpO_2)及Ramsay评分变化,并监测T1、T4及T6时间点去甲肾上腺素(Norepinephrine,NE)、肾上腺素(epinephrine,E)及皮质醇(Cortisol,Cor)水平及不良反应的发生情况。结果:两组不同时间点Sp O_2比较无统计学差异(P0.05),但研究组患者在T3-T7时间点的MAP、HR显著低于对照组,Ramsay评分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者T1时的NE、E及Cor水平比较无统计学差异(P0.05),但研究组T4及T6时NE、E及Cor水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组患者呛咳、恶心、躁动及呼吸抑制的发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与氯胺酮联合咪达唑仑相比,右美托咪定联合氯胺酮与咪达唑仑对心血管系统影响小,安全性更高,患者应激反应较低,在困难气道插管麻醉诱导中具有较高的应用价值。     

右美托咪定对腹腔镜子宫切除术患者血流动力学及应激反应的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定(Dex)对腹腔镜子宫切除术患者血流动力学及应激反应的影响。方法:选择2012年7月到2014年7月在我院行腹腔镜子宫切除术的36例患者,随机分为实验组和对照组各18例。实验组静脉注射Dex 1μg/kg直到手术结束,对照组同法给予生理盐水。于麻醉前15 min(T0)、插管后5 min(T1)、气腹后20 min(T2)、术后立刻(T3)和术后24 h(T4)四个时间点,分别监测其平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),并测定血浆皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平。结果:T0时两组患者的MAP和HR比较,无显著性差异(P0.05),对照组T1、T2、T3时明显升高(P0.05),实验组轻微升高,两组相比差异有显著性(P0.05)。T4时两组患者的MAP和HR均恢复至正常水平。T0时两组Cor、NE和IL-6比较,无显著性差异(P0.05),对照组T2、T3、T4时明显升高(P0.05),实验组轻微升高,两组相比差异有显著性(P0.05)。T4时除NE,其他指标均达到峰值。结论:Dex能维持围术期患者血流动力学稳定,降低术中的应激反应。     

右美托咪定联合去甲肾上腺素在全麻下腰椎手术中对患者围术期循环及术后恢复质量的影响

摘要 目的：探究右美托咪定联合去甲肾上腺素在全麻下腰椎手术中对患者围术期循环指标及术后恢复指标的影响。方法：选择2019年1月至2020年12月于我院接受治疗的68例行全麻下腰椎手术患者为研究对象,按照随机、双盲、对照的方式区分为研究组与对照组（每组各34例患者）,对照组患者术中应用右美托咪定,研究组患者在对照组基础上加用去甲肾上腺素,对比两组患者围术期血流动力学（血压、心率）变化、术中出血量、手术时间、麻醉时间、术后疼痛度、苏醒指标的影响。结果：比较显示术前（T0）、插管时（T1）两组患者的平均动脉压（Mean arterial pressure,MAP）与心率（heart rate,HR）组间差异不大（P>0.05）,但手术30 min（T2）、手术60 min（T3）、手术结束拔管（T4）时研究组MAP和HR均高于对照组（P<0.05）;研究组患者术中出血量与对照组比较无明显差异（P>0.05）,研究组患者麻醉时间低于对照组患者（P<0.05）;研究组患者苏醒躁动评分以及术后6 h疼痛度评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：全麻下腰椎手术患者联用右美托咪定与去甲肾上腺素能够显著稳定患者围术期血流动力学,缩短麻醉苏醒时间,且不增加术中出血量,不增加患者术后苏醒躁动及应激性疼痛现象,值得临床推广应用。     

右美托咪定经鼻滴注对脊柱手术患者围术期血流动力学变化及镇静作用的临床研究

目的:观察右美托咪定经鼻滴注对脊柱手术患者围术期的镇静作用及对血流动力学变化的影响。方法:将90名ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级、18~65岁、拟在全身麻醉下行脊柱手术、且术后须拔除气管导管的患者,随机分为三组:对照组(C组)、右美托咪定1μg/kg组(D1组)和右美托咪定1.5μg/kg组(D2组),n=30。分别记录给药前(T0)、诱导前(T1)、插管前1 min(T2)、插管后1 min(T3)、手术开始即刻(T4)、术毕停全麻药时(T5)、拔管前1 min(T6)、拔管后3 min(T7)和入PACU(T8)时患者的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、氧饱和度(SPO_2),术毕停全麻药至拔除气管导管的时间、患者在术后恢复室停留时间、Ramsay镇静评分。结果:T0时3组患者HR、MAP、SPO_2、Ramsay镇静评分无统计学差异(P≥0.05);与C组相比,D1组和D2组各时间点HR、MAP明显降低,Ramsay镇静评分提高(P≤0.05),SPO_2无明显变化(P≥0.05);与D1组相比,D2组各时间点HR、MAP明显降低、Ramsay镇静评分提高(P≤0.05),SPO_2无明显变化(P≥0.05);D1组各时间点HR、MAP、SPO_2、Ramsay镇静评分无明显差异(P≥0.05);D2组HR、MAP、SPO_2、Ramsay镇静评分明显无差异(P≥0.05)。C组T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、T8各时间点HR、MAP均较T1、T2升高,Ramsay镇静评分均明显提高(P≤0.05),SPO_2无明显变化(P≥0.05)。结论:麻醉诱导前40 min右美托咪定经鼻滴注可有效抑制插管和拔管期反应、使血流动力学变化更加稳定,并显著降低降低患者术后躁动的发生率。     

右美托咪定预先给药对高血压冠心病患者诱导插管时血流动力学及应激反应的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定预先给药对高血压冠心病患者诱导插管时血流动力学及应激反应的影响。方法:将我院2012年7月-2013年3月择期行腹部手术且合并高血压冠心病患者50例随机均分为实验组(麻醉诱导前15 min静脉泵入剂量为1.0μg/kg的右美托咪定稀释液15 m L)和对照组(麻醉诱导前15 min静脉泵入15 m L生理盐水),监测并记录两组患者在不同时刻的BP、HR、RPP,抽取静脉血测定血浆NE和E的浓度。结果:(1)与T0时刻相比,对照组患者的心率、血压、RPP在T1-T5各时刻是先有所下降后又上升的(P0.05),其中对照组RPP在T3时明显上升(P0.01),然而实验组内在各时刻变化不明显(P0.05),两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)与T0时刻进行比较,对照组患者血浆NE和E的含量水平在T3、T4时刻明显上升(P0.05),而实验组则变化不明显,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定预先给药用于缓解高血压冠心病患者诱导插管时心血管反应效果显著,值得临床推广应用。     

右美托咪定对腹腔镜下子宫恶性肿瘤手术患者炎症因子及认知功能的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定对腹腔镜下子宫恶性肿瘤手术患者炎症因子以及认知功能的影响,为右美托咪定在腹腔镜下子宫恶性肿瘤手术的临床应用提供参考。方法:选择武汉科技大学附属普仁医院2015年7月至2017年6月收治的100例行腹腔镜下子宫恶性肿瘤手术患者作为研究对象,根据不同麻醉方式分为观察组和对照组两组,各50例,其中观察组患者在给予麻醉诱导前30 min,负荷剂量1.0μg/kg的右美托咪定静脉输注10 min,之后给予患者0.5μg/kg的右美托咪定持续性静脉输注至手术结束前30 min为止,对照组患者按照上述给药方法静脉输注同等容量的生理盐水。然后分别于麻醉诱导前(T0)、手术结束时(T1)、手术结束后4 h(T2)以及手术结束后1天(T3)取患者的外周静脉血,测定比较两组患者各相应时间点的血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL-6)等炎症因子水平,外周血皮质醇(cor)、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)等应激水平,MMSE评分、TMT完成时间等认知功能;并分析两组患者术后的不良反应发生情况。结果:两组患者T0时间的血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、cor、E、NE水平以及TMT、MMSE认知功能评分差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性;而观察组患者T1、T2、T3各相应时间点的血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、cor、E以及NE水平明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者T2、T3各相应时间点的MMSE评分明显高于对照组,TMT评分值明显低于对照组(P0.05);且术后观察组患者的不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定可以明显降低腹腔镜下子宫恶性肿瘤手术患者血清应激反应以及炎症因子水平,改善术后认知功能,减少术后不良反应的发生,效果显著,值得临床推广使用。     

经皮穴位电刺激对甲状腺手术后围拔管期应激反应的影响

目的:观察经皮穴位电刺激对行甲状腺手术的患者全麻围拔管期应激反应的影响。方法:选择择期行甲状腺手术的患者60例,随机分为经皮穴位电刺激(T)组和假电刺激(C)组,T组麻醉诱导前30分钟给予电刺激,C组患者仅将电极片贴附在相同穴位但不给予电刺激。记录两组在入室(T0)、手术结束时(T1),拔管后即刻(T2),拔管后5 min(T3),拔管后10 min(T4)的血压(NIBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)以及静脉血中的肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、皮质醇(Cor)的浓度;记录两组的拔管质量评分以及Ricker镇静-躁动评分。结果:T组在T2~T4时的NIBP、MAP、HR以及E、NE、Cor的浓度均较C组显著降低(P0.05);与C组比较,T组的拔管质量评分以及Ricker镇静-躁动评分降低(P0.05)。结论:经皮穴位电刺激能够减轻行甲状腺手术患者全麻围拔管期的应激反应,有利于维持血流动力学稳定。     

右美托咪定与咪达唑仑用于肠镜检查患者镇静效果比较

目的:比较右美托咪定与咪达唑仑用于肠镜检查患者效果比较。方法:肠镜检查的患者60例,随机分为两组:D组静脉输注右美托咪定0.6μg/kg,M组静脉输注咪达唑仑0.08 mg/kg,均用生理盐水10 mL稀释,10 min输注完毕后进行肠镜检查。观察患者血流动力学指标及呼吸指标的变化,是否完成肠镜,患者的满意度以及检查过程中的不良反应。结果:右美托咪定组所有患者镇静满意,均能很好耐受肠镜检查,并且检查过程中MAP、HR和SpO2稳定(P0.05)。咪达唑仑组镇静时有轻度呼吸抑制,肠镜检查过程中MAP和HR升高(P0.05),插管耐受率低于右美托咪定组(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定用于肠镜镇静有效,无呼吸抑制,血流动力学稳定,是理想的辅助药。     

帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定对开胸手术患者苏醒质量及应激反应的影响

目的:探讨帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定对开胸手术患者苏醒质量及应激反应的影响。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年9月我院行开胸手术的90例患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。观察组在术前30min静脉注射帕瑞昔布,术毕前5 min缓慢静脉注射右美托咪定;对照组在术前、30 min、术毕前5 min给予等容量生理盐水。比较两组苏醒时间、拔管时间以及麻醉诱导前(T1)、手术结束时(T2)、术后3 h(T3)时血糖(Glu)、皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、运动活动评分(MAAS)的变化,并比较麻醉恢复期躁动的发生率。结果:两组苏醒时间、拔管时间比较差异上无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组T2、T3时Glu、Cor、E、NE水平以及MAAS评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05),躁动发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在开胸手术患者麻醉过程中,应用帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定可有效抑制麻醉恢复期应激反应,减少躁动的发生,提高苏醒质量。     

不同剂量盐酸羟考酮复合右美托咪定对开腹手术患者镇痛效应及血流动力学的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量盐酸羟考酮复合右美托咪定对开腹手术患者镇痛效应及血流动力学的影响。方法:选择从2015年3月到2017年3月期间在我院接受开腹手术治疗的患者100例进行研究。根据随机数字表法对患者进行分组,A组(应用1.0 mg/kg的盐酸羟考酮及2.5μg/kg的右美托咪定麻醉)、B组(应用0.75 mg/kg的盐酸羟考酮及2.5μg/kg的右美托咪定麻醉)、C组(应用0.5 mg/kg的盐酸羟考酮及2.5μg/kg的右美托咪定麻醉)和D组(应用1.0 mg/kg的盐酸羟考酮麻醉),每组各25例。对比各组镇痛效应满意度以及麻醉诱导前(T0)、插管即刻(T1)、插管后5 min(T2)时的血流动力学指标,并统计各组不良反应情况。结果:A、B、C三组的镇痛效应满意度均分别明显高于D组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),A、B、C三组的镇痛效应满意度对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A、B组T1时的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)及心率(HR)水平均分别高于C、D组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);T0和T2时,各组的SBP、DBP、MAP及HR水平相比差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。各组T1时SBP、DBP、MAP及HR水平与T0时相比明显上升,而T2时又明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。B组不良反应总发生率为12.00%,明显低于A组的36.00%、C组的44.00%及D组的40.00%,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:不同剂量的盐酸羟考酮与右美托咪定复合麻醉对开腹手术患者的镇痛效应较好,并对患者的血流动力学水平均造成一定影响,但随着时间的延长而逐渐减弱,2.5μg/kg的右美托咪定以及0.75 mg/kg的盐酸羟考酮复合麻醉的安全性较高,值得在临床上推广应用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.