罗格列酮对低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠PPARr和PTEN 表达的影响

目的：研究罗格列酮（rosiglitazone, RSG）对低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-r（Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, PPAR-r）和10 号染色体缺失张力蛋白同源磷酸酶基因（Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10, PTEN）表达的影响。方法：SD 大鼠随机分为正常对照组、低氧组、低氧+ 罗格利酮组,建立低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠模 型,4 周后测定各组大鼠右心室压力、右心肥厚指标,同时检测各实验组PPAR-r、PTEN 的表达和组织病理学变化。培养原代大鼠 肺动脉平滑肌细胞,分别给与低氧、低氧+罗格列酮、低氧+GW9662 处理后观察细胞增殖及PPARr、PTEN 的表达变化。结果：① 与正常组相比,低氧组大鼠右心室压力、右心肥厚指标明显增加,肺小动脉管壁增厚,PPAR-r、PTEN 的表达明显减少。与低氧组相 比,低氧+罗格列酮组大鼠右心室压力下降,右心室及肺小动脉管壁的肥厚减轻,PTEN 的表达增加。②低氧下,PASMCs 中 PPARr、PTEN表达明显减低,细胞增殖较常氧明显增加,给与罗格列酮后,PTEN 表达增加,给与GW9662,PTEN表达减少。③罗 格列酮可以抑制PASMCs低氧下的增殖,而给与GW9662 后,这一抑制作用减轻。结论：早期应用罗格列酮可激活低氧性肺动脉 高压大鼠PPARr的活性,进而上调PTEN表达,改善低氧性肺动脉高压。     

罗格列酮对低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠PPARγ和PTEN表达的影响

目的:研究罗格列酮(rosiglitazone,RSG)对低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma,PPARγ)和10号染色体缺失张力蛋白同源磷酸酶基因(Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10,PTEN)表达的影响。方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、低氧组、低氧+罗格利酮组,建立低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠模型,4周后测定各组大鼠右心室压力、右心肥厚指标,同时检测各实验组PPARγ、PTEN的表达和组织病理学变化。培养原代大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞,分别给与低氧、低氧+罗格列酮、低氧+GW9662处理后观察细胞增殖及PPARγ、PTEN的表达变化。结果:1与正常组相比,低氧组大鼠右心室压力、右心肥厚指标明显增加,肺小动脉管壁增厚,PPARγ、PTEN的表达明显减少。与低氧组相比,低氧+罗格列酮组大鼠右心室压力下降,右心室及肺小动脉管壁的肥厚减轻,PTEN的表达增加。2低氧下,PASMCs中PPARγ、PTEN表达明显减低,细胞增殖较常氧明显增加,给与罗格列酮后,PTEN表达增加,给与GW9662,PTEN表达减少。3罗格列酮可以抑制PASMCs低氧下的增殖,而给与GW9662后,这一抑制作用减轻。结论:早期应用罗格列酮可激活低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠PPARγ的活性,进而上调PTEN表达,改善低氧性肺动脉高压。     

慢性低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织内质网应激介导的凋亡的变化

目的:探讨内质网应激介导的凋亡在低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织中的变化及意义.方法:清洁级雄性SD大鼠22只随机被均分成对照组和低氧组(n=11).采用常压低氧法复制慢性低氧高二氧化碳性肺动脉高压模型,4周后,测定肺动脉平均压(mPAP)、右心室游离壁(RV)和左心室加室间隔(LV+S)重量比、肺细小动脉管壁面积/管总面积...     

肝素通过增加细胞周期抑制因子p27 减轻大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压

目的:研究肝素防治大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压的作用机制。方法:复制慢性低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠模型,将大鼠分为常氧对照组(Hypoxia),常氧加肝素组(Normoxia+H),缺氧模型组(Hypoxia)及缺氧加肝素组(Hypoxia+H)共四组。待模型复制完毕后,测定大鼠RVPSP和RV/LV+S,然后进行组织病理分析,测定MA%和MT%以确定肺动脉高压的程度。利用Western-blot实验与RT-PCR实验检测肺动脉中p27蛋白水平及RNA水平的变化。结果:慢性低氧显著增加了大鼠RVPSP、RV/LV+S、MA%和MT%,引起了大鼠肺动脉压力的增高、右心室肥厚和肺中小动脉的中膜增厚及外膜增生,肝素的使用减轻了慢性缺氧条件下大鼠的RVPSP和RV/LV+S,降低了MA%和MT%,有效降低了肺动脉高压、右心室肥厚,并减轻了肺中小动脉的中膜增厚和外膜增生。Western-blot实验发现使用肝素的缺氧组大鼠肺动脉中p27蛋白表达增加,而RT-PCR实验发现p27的转录水平变化不显著。结论:结果显示肝素可能通过增加p27的表达,从而抑制肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖,减轻了肺动脉血管的狭窄及降低了肺动脉高压。     

三七总皂甙对低氧大鼠肺动脉压和肺组织ERK1/2表达的影响

目的:观察三七总皂甙(PNS)对慢性低氧大鼠肺动脉压、肺组织细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK)表达的影响,探讨PNS预防低氧性肺动脉高压(HPH)的作用和机制。方法:将30只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组:对照组、低氧组和低氧+PNS组。以常压低氧法复制肺动脉高压模型,以微导管法测定平均肺动脉压(mPAP),测量右心室(RV)及左心室加室间隔(LV+S)的重量,以RV/(LV+S)代表右心肥厚指数。用Western blot法和逆转录PCR方法分别检测肺组织中磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(p-ERK1/2)蛋白和细胞外信号调节激酶1(ERK1)mRNA的表达。结果:与对照组相比,低氧组大鼠mPAP、RV/(LV+S)明显升高,肺组织匀浆pERK及ERK1 mRNA含量显著升高(P<0.01)。低氧+PNS组mPAP、RV/(LV+S)、肺组织匀浆pERK及ERK1 mRNA含量明显低于低氧组(P<0.05)。结论:PNS具有显著预防HPH的作用,其机理可能与其降低ERK1 mRNA的表达有关。     

肺动脉高压大鼠肺内5-HT1B受体的分布和表达变化

目的:观察低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺内5-HT1B受体的分布和表达变化,探讨低氧性肺动脉高压的形成机制.方法:40只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组(control)、低氧3周组(2w)、低氧4周组(4w)和低氧5周组(5w).除正常组外,其余3组大鼠分别在低氧环境中饲养3周、4周和5周.测定各组大鼠的平均肺动脉压力(mPAP)、右心室收缩压(RVSP)和右心室肥厚度[RV/(LV+S)%].应用免疫组织化学法观察大鼠肺组织中5-HT1B受体的分布和表达,Western blot法测定大鼠肺组织中5-HT1B受体的蛋白含量.结果:和正常组相比,低氧3周组大鼠的mPAP、RVSP和右心室肥厚度均显著升高(P均＜0.05),并且随着低氧时间的延长而持续升高(P均＜0.05).免疫组织化学结果显示:5-HT1B受体主要分布在正常大鼠肺动脉的内膜层,而平滑肌层中仅有少量表达:和正常组相比,低氧3周组大鼠肺动脉平滑肌层中5-HT1B受体的表达显著增多;随着低氧时间的延长,大鼠肺动脉平滑肌层中5-HT1B受体表达持续增多.Western blot结果表明,大鼠肺组织中5-HT1B受体的蛋白含量变化和免疫组织化学结果相一致.结论:低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉中5-HT1B受体呈过度表达,这可能是低氧性肺动脉高压形成的分子机制之一.     

外源性apelin对大鼠慢性低氧性肺动脉高压的防治作用

目的:探讨外源性给予小分子活性肽apelin对大鼠慢性低氧性肺动脉高压和肺血管重构的作用及其机制。方法:采用常压低氧法建立SD大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压模型。实验分4组(n=10)对照组(NC)、低氧组(HH)、低氧+apelin低剂量组(5nmol/(kg.d)(LA)和低氧+apelin高剂量组(10nmol/(kg.d)(HA),HA组和LA组通过皮下埋植微量渗透泵持续给药。低氧4周后,测定平均肺动脉压(mPAP)、右心室与左心室加室间隔的重量比[RV/(LV+S)]、肺细小动脉管壁面积/管总面积(WA/TA)、管腔面积/管总面积(CA/TA)、中膜厚度(PAMT)以及肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:①mPAP和RV/(LV+S):HH组较NC组高,HA组较HH组低;LA组mPAP较HH低,而RV/(LV+S)两组间无显著性差异。②WA/TA和PAMT:HH组较NC组高,HA组、LA组均较HH低。③CA/TA:HH组较NC组低,HA组、LA组均较HH高。④肺组织SOD含量:HH组较NC低,HA组、LA组均较HH高。⑤MDA含量:HH组较NC高,HA组、LA组均较HH低。结论:Apelin对低氧性肺动脉高压和肺血管重构的形成具有防治作用,这种作用可能与直接舒张肺血管作用及改善氧化应激有关。     

人脐带间充质干细胞源性外泌体对低氧性肺动脉高压肺血管重构的影响

本研究旨在探讨人脐带间充质干细胞源性外泌体(mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes, MSCs-Exo)对低氧诱导的肺动脉高压小鼠的作用。无菌条件下从人脐带分离培养间充质干细胞,收集上清,提取外泌体并鉴定。健康SPF级C57BL/6小鼠随机分为3组：常氧对照组、低氧组、低氧+MSCs-Exo组,每组7只。低氧组和低氧+MSCs-Exo组在氧浓度为10.08%、模拟海拔5 000 m的低压低氧舱连续饲养4周,建立低氧性肺动脉高压小鼠模型。低氧+MSCs-Exo组在低氧前及低氧第1、3、5、9天尾静脉注射MSCs-Exo,其他2组注射PBS。实验结束后,超声心动图检测各组小鼠肺动脉加速时间和射血时间比值(pulmonary arterial acceleration time/pulmonary arterial ejection time, PAAT/PET)、右心室游离壁厚度,计算右心室肥厚指数RV/(LV+S);HE染色观察肺组织病理改变;EVG染色检测弹力纤维增生情况;免疫组织化学检测肺组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α smooth muscle ...     

PVT1促进PAH大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移的作用机制研究

摘要 目的：研究浆细胞瘤多样异位基因1（PVT1）在肺动脉高压（PAH）大鼠中对于肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)增殖和迁移的作用及其可能的机制。方法：将16只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为肺动脉高压组（PAH组）和对照组,每组8只大鼠。PAH组大鼠通过单次项背部皮下注射MCT溶液造模,对照组大鼠给予单次项背部皮下注射等量生理盐水。通过胸右心室穿刺法测量右心室压力。取各组大鼠肺组织,并进行原代肺动脉平滑肌细胞分离培养。通过RT-qPCR和Western blot检测PVT1及Fxr1在PAH组织及PASMCs中的表达水平;通过HE染色评估PAH组织的血管壁形态;免疫荧光法检测HPASMC的纯度;CCK-8法和伤口愈合迁移实验检测PASMCs增殖和迁移情况。结果：与对照组相比,PAH组大鼠肺组织血管壁厚度偏厚、肺动脉压显著升高（P<0.05）。PVT1在PAH组大鼠的PAH组织和PASMCs中的表达水平显著上调（P<0.05）,且其表达与肺动脉压呈正相关。与对照组相比,转染sh-PVT1的PASMCs显示出较低的细胞活力,同时转染sh-PVT1有效敲低了PASMCs中PVT1的表达水平（P<0.01）。与对照组相比,PVT1的敲低抑制了PASMCs迁移能力（P<0.01）。在转染pcDNA-PVT1的PASMCs中发现较高的增殖能力,PVT1的过表达促进了PASMCs迁移能力（P<0.01）。与对照组相比,Fxr1在PAH模型组的PAH组织和PASMCs中的表达水平显著上调（P<0.01）。结论：PVT1通过调节Fxr1的表达促进PASMCs的增殖和迁移,PVT1可能是PAH诊断和预测指标。     

低氧性肺动脉高压小鼠肺组织apoE蛋白表达的变化及其意义

目的：观察低氧性肺动脉高压小鼠肺组织中载脂蛋白E（apoE）蛋白表达的变化,以探讨低氧性肺动脉高压形成过程中apoE蛋白表达的变化及可能的意义。方法：SPF级雄性野生型（WT）C57BL/6小鼠和雄性apoE基因敲除（apoE-KO）小鼠各20只,各随机再分为2组（n=10）：常氧组和低氧组,共4组。常压连续低氧3周（9%~11% O₂,23 h/d）复制慢性低氧性肺动脉高压模型,采用右心导管法测定小鼠右心室压（RVSP）,计算右心室与左心室加室间隔重量比RV/（LV+S）,ELISA法检测血浆中高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和总胆固醇（TC）的含量;Western blot法检测肺组织中apoE和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）蛋白的表达。结果：①低氧组WT小鼠RVSP、RV/（LV+S）分别较常氧组高68%和59%（P均<0.05）,血浆中HDL含量及HDL/LDL比值分别较常氧组低17%和40%（P均<0.05）,同时肺、肝组织中apoE及肺组织中PPARγ的蛋白表达分别较常氧组下调48%、52%和37%（P均<0.05）,RVSP与apoE及PPARγ蛋白表达均呈显著负相关（P均<0.01）;②低氧组apoE-KO小鼠RVSP、RV/（LV+S）较常氧组分别高96%和86%（P均<0.05）,低氧组apoE-KO小鼠RVSP和RV/（LV+S）较低氧组WT小鼠分别高29%和24%（P均<0.05）。结论：小鼠低氧性肺动脉高压的形成与肺组织中apoE蛋白表达下调有关。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.