多重PCR鉴定不同毒素型的产气荚膜梭菌菌落

参照文献报道的产气荚膜梭菌a, b, e, t 毒素基因cpa、cpb、etx 及iA序列合成了针对4种毒素基因的4对特异引物, 建立了一种简单的产气荚膜梭菌定型的菌落多重PCR方法。结果本所保存的A, B, C, D, E各型产气荚膜梭菌参考菌株均扩增出了相应的预期条带, 而诺维氏梭菌、腐败梭菌和破伤风梭菌的扩增均为阴性; 将单个菌落稀释100倍利用此菌落多重PCR仍能扩增到相应的目的片段。并利用此多重PCR对13株不同动物来源的产气荚膜梭菌进行了定型鉴定, 并与毒素中和试验鉴定结果进行了比较, 结果表明两种方法具有较高的符合率。本方法的建立对于产气荚膜梭菌的快速检测、定型具有十分重要的意义。     

产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因的克隆及结构分析

应用PCR技术,从产气荚膜梭菌菌株NCTC64609中,扩增出A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因C端片段(cpa408),并将其克隆至pMDl8-T载体中．经转化,α互补蓝白菌落选择培养,提取质粒,进行PCR和Eco RⅠ、PstⅠ双酶切鉴定,筛选出阳性重组克隆．经核苷酸序列分析证实,cpa408基因阅读开放框架由372个核苷酸组成,编码124个氨基酸．经计算机分析,cpa408基因序列与国外文献报道的A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因C端片段同源性达99％以上,表明所克隆的基因即为α毒素基因C端片段．     

A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素全基因的分子克隆与核苷酸序列分析

应用PCR技术,从A型产气荚膜梭菌菌株NCTC64609中扩增出A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素全基因(cpa 1229基因)并将其克隆至pMDl8-T载体中。经转化、IPTG／X—gal选择培养,提取质粒,PCR和EcoRI／Pstl双酶切鉴定,筛选阳性重组克隆。经核苷酸序列分析证实,cpa1229基因阅读开放框架由1194bp组成。经GenBank检索对照分析,cap1229基因序列与国外献报道同源性达98．3％,表明本实验所克隆的cpa1229基因即为A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因。     

食品中产气荚膜梭菌LAMP快速检测方法的建立

应用环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP), 针对产气荚膜梭菌特有的α毒素(CPa)基因序列分析设计特异性引物, 建立食品中产气荚膜梭菌特异性快速检测方法。研究结果表明, 所设计的引物具有良好的特异性, 5株产气荚膜梭菌均能扩增出特异性片段, 而13株非产气荚膜梭菌均未扩增出相应片段, 无假阴性或假阳性情况出现。同时, 该方法可在1 h内完成反应, 且检测灵敏度达到10 fg/μL。该方法为产气荚膜梭菌的快速检测提供了一种重要的技术手段。     

C型产气荚膜梭菌β1、β2毒素基因的融合

利用PCR技术 ,从C型产气荚膜梭菌染色体DNA中扩增出 β1 和 β2 毒素基因 ,构建了含 β1 - β2 融合基因表达质粒的重组菌株BL2 1(DE3) (pETXB1_2 )。经酶切鉴定和序列测定证实 ,构建的重组质粒pETXB1_2含有 β1 - β2 融合基因 ,且基因序列和阅读框架正确。经ELISA检测 ,重组菌株表达的 β1 - β2 融合蛋白能够被 β1 、β2 毒素抗体识别。免疫实验结果表明 ,用β1 - β2 融合蛋白免疫的小鼠可以抵抗 1MLD的C型产气荚膜梭菌C5 9_4 4毒素攻击 ,表明构建的重组菌株可以作为预防仔猪红痢基因工程亚单位苗的候选菌株。     

A型产气荚膜梭菌α-毒素基因的克隆与核苷酸序列分析

利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术,从A型产气莫膜梭菌染色体基因组中扩增了1．2kb的α毒素基因。通过T4 DNA连接酶,将纯化的PCR产物与载体pGEM-T连接,转化受至体菌JM109中,经NcoI/EcoRI和BamHI/EcoRI双酶切分析,证明重组质粒pXCPA02中含有A型产气荚膜棱菌α毒素全基因。经核苷酸序列分析,明确了克隆的α毒素基因在重组质粒中的连接向位且核苷酸序列是正确的。     

C型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因的克隆与表达

利用PCR技术,从C型产气荚膜梭菌染色体基因组中扩增了1．2kb的α毒素基因,将纯化的PCR产物与载体pGEM-T连接,转化至受体菌JM109中,经NcoI／EcoRI和BamHI／EcoRI酶切鉴定及核苷酸序列测定证实,重组质粒pXCPAl中含有α毒素全基因。随后用NcoI／EcoRI酶切质粒pXCPAl,回收α毒素基因片段,插入到事先经同样酶切处理的载体pET-28c中相应酶切位点,构建了表达质粒pETXAl,经NcoI／EcoRI和BamHI／EcoRI酶切鉴定及核苷酸序列测定证实,表达质粒含有α毒素基因且基因序列和阅读框架正确。重组菌株BL21(DE3)(pETXAl)表达产物经ELISA检测和SDS-PAGE分析,重组菌株表达的α毒素蛋白能够被α毒素单抗识别,其表达量占菌体总蛋白相对含量的16．28％。     

C型产气荚膜梭菌α、β_1毒素基因的融合

利用PCR技术,从C型产气荚膜梭菌染色体DNA中扩增出α和β1毒素基因,通过分离、纯化、内切酶酶切、连接和转化,构建了含αβ1融合基因表达质粒重组菌株BL21(DE3)(pETXAB1)。经酶切鉴定和核苷酸序列测定证实,构建的重组质粒pETXAB1含有αβ1融合基因,且基因序列和阅读框架均正确。经ELISA检测,重组菌株表达的αβ1融合蛋白能够被α、β1毒素抗体识别。免疫实验结果表明,αβ1融合蛋白免疫的小鼠可以抵抗1MLD的C型产气荚膜梭菌C5944毒素攻击,表明构建的重组菌株可以作为预防仔猪红痢基因工程亚单位苗的候选菌株。     

C型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因的克隆与表达*

利用PCR技术,从C型产气荚膜梭菌染色体基因组中扩增了1.2kb的α毒素基因,将纯化的PCR产物与载体pGEM-T连接,转化至受体菌JM109中,经NcoI/EcoRI和BamHI/EcoRI酶切鉴定及核苷酸序列测定证实,重组质粒pXCPA1中含有α毒素全基因。随后用NcoI/EcoRI酶切质粒pXCPA1,回收α毒素基因片段,插入到事先经同样酶切处理的载体pET28c中相应酶切位点,构建了表达质粒pETXA1,经NcoI/EcoRI和BamHI/E     

C型产气荚膜梭菌β1毒素基因表达

利用PCR技术,从C型产气荚膜梭菌染色体DNA中扩增出β1毒素基因,然后用限制性核酸内切酶BamHI和EcoRI对其进行双酶切处理,回收0．95kb的β1毒素基因片段,最后将其定向克隆在事先经同样内切酶处理的载体pET-28c中相应位点上,转化至受体菌B121(DE3)qh。经BamHI和Eco RI双酶切鉴定和核苷酸序列测定证实,构建的重组质粒pETXBl含有B毒素基因,并且具有正确的基因序列和阅读框架。重组菌株BI21(DE3)(pETXB1)经IPIG诱导后,其表达产物经ELISA检测和SDS-PAGE分析,结果表明重组菌株可以高效表达β1毒素蛋白,该蛋白占菌体总蛋白相对含量的12．24％。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV