乙脑病毒E-Hsp70与E-肽连接区对小鼠特异性免疫的比较

在本实验室已构建的原核表达载体(含乙脑疫苗株SA14-14-2株E蛋白基因主要抗原片段)的基础上用巴斯德毕赤酵母系统表达,该片段长1113bp,编码371个按基酸残基,研究酵母表达的该乙脑病毒(Japanese encephali-tis uirus)E蛋白主经抗原片段与结核杆菌热休克蛋白70(Hsp70)的融合蛋白以及该抗原肽与Hsp70上的一个功能域-太连接区(Peptide binding domain,以下简称BD)融合形成的蛋白,用这三种蛋白分别免疫BALB/c小鼠,以酵母单独表达的E蛋白主要搞原惩一片段免疫作为对照,比较它们对小鼠抗E蛋白主要抗原片段特异性的细胞免疫和体液免疫的影响.采用腹腔内注射蛋白的方法免疫小鼠,主要从IL-2的mRNA水平,淋巴细胞的增殖和抗体滴度过这三个方面进行比较,最后我们得出E-BD融合蛋白在免疫效果方面比E-sp79略好一些,所以在本试验中肽连接区是完全可以区是完全可以代替Hsp70独立先例其佐剂功能.     

乙脑E蛋白主要抗原片段与hsp70肽连接区融合酵母表达载体的构建

构建乙型脑炎E蛋白主要抗原片段与结核杆菌热休克蛋白70（Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein70,Mt．hsp70）的肽连接区（Binding domain）基因融合表达载体,利用酵母表达系统,为下一步研究肽连接区是否能增强乙型脑炎E蛋白主要抗原片段的免疫原性作准备。以酵母表达载体pPICZα-A为基本单位构建,以酶切位点BamHI连接这2个基因,用电穿孔法转化酵母X-33,Zeocin平板筛选重组子,经甲醇诱导表达后,SDS—PAGE和免疫印迹分析表达产物。E蛋白主要抗原片段与hsp70肽连接区的融合表达载体构建成功,SDS—PAGE显示,其相对分子质量为68kDa,与实际大小相符且为分泌表达,表达量约为97mg／L,经Western印迹验证,抗原性较好。将用同样的酵母表达载体表达的乙脑E蛋白主要抗原片段（另文发表）与上述融合蛋白均以50pmol的量分别对6～8周龄的BALB／c小鼠进行腹膜内注射,3周后进行第二次免疫,从淋巴细胞的增殖和抗体滴度两个方面进行比较,最后得出E—BD融合蛋白在免疫效果方面比乙脑E蛋白主要抗原片段效果要好,在试验中肽连接区可以增强乙型脑炎E蛋白主要抗原片段的免疫原性。     

乙脑E蛋白与结核杆菌HSP70的融合蛋白对BALB/c小鼠特异性免疫的影响

研究酵母表达的乙脑病毒(JapaneseEncephalitisvirus)E蛋白主要抗原片段与结核杆菌热休克蛋白70 (hsp70 )形成的融合蛋白对小鼠细胞免疫和体液免疫的影响。采用腹膜内注射蛋白的方法免疫小鼠,以直接免疫E蛋白主要抗原片段和以E蛋白主要抗原片段和单独表达的hsp70两者均以5 0pmol的量进行混合后的蛋白免疫的小鼠作为对照,用半定量RT PCR检测细胞免疫因子IL 2mRNA的水平,IL 2是细胞介导的免疫反应和巨噬细胞激活中的关键分子,MTT法检测淋巴细胞的增殖情况以及通过ELISA检测抗体水平,从这3个方面来评价融合与未融合蛋白以及等量混合后的免疫效果。结果E蛋白主要抗原片段与结核杆菌hsp70重组后,mIL 2 ,淋巴细胞的增殖以及抗体水平均较重组前明显升高,因此,以乙脑E HSP70融合蛋白免疫能增强小鼠针对E蛋白主要抗原片段的细胞免疫和体液免疫     

热休克蛋白70促进猪瘟病毒囊膜糖蛋白E0的小鼠免疫效果

为了初步探索热休克蛋白70(Hsp70)作为分子佐剂增强猪瘟病毒亚单位疫苗的免疫效果,本研究根据猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒株囊膜糖蛋白E0的基因序列,设计一对特异性引物,RT-PCR扩增得到完整的E0基因,将其分别插入到原核表达质粒pColdI和含有副猪嗜血杆菌Hsp70的pColdI-Hsp70中,构建了pColdI-E0和pColdI-E0-Hsp70重组质粒,经IPTG诱导表达后,获得了E0、Hsp70和E0-Hsp70融合蛋白。将以上三种蛋白纯化后分组免疫Balb/c小鼠,通过ELISA和流式细胞术测定了小鼠针对E0蛋白的体液免疫和细胞免疫效果。结果显示:E0-Hsp70融合蛋白和E0+Hsp70混合物免疫后均能显著提高抗E0的抗体效价、CD4+和CD8+T细胞水平,并促进IFN-γ的释放。研究结果表明Hsp70能显著增强猪瘟病毒囊膜糖蛋白E0在小鼠上的免疫效果,为在猪体上的进一步应用奠定了基础。     

单纯疱疹病毒2gD-Hsp70融合蛋白基因的构建及表达

构建并原核表达Hsp70-HSV2gD融合蛋白。将Hsp70和HSV-2gD蛋白基因分别克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,构建成重组质粒pGEX-4T-Hsp70-gD,并测序鉴定。重组质粒pGEX-4T-Hsp70-gD转化大肠杆菌DH5α后,IPTG诱导表达并进行SDS-PAGE分析。表达产物纯化后做Westernblot检测。将其肌注免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测融合蛋白对免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、γ-干扰素产生以及血清中gDIgG水平的影响。表达产物的SDS-PAGE分析发现,在相对分子量为118kD处有外源蛋白表达,与预期蛋白带一致。用GST柱得到了纯化的Hsp70-HSV2gD融合蛋白。Westernblot证实,表达产物具有良好的活性。GST-Hsp70-gD组蛋白疫苗免疫的小鼠,其脾淋巴细胞刺激指数和脾淋巴细胞培养上清中γ-干扰素的水平高于其它组(P<0.05)。血清单纯疱疹病毒-2gD蛋白的抗体水平高于其它组(P<0.05)。     

乙型脑炎病毒SA14-14-2株E蛋白主要抗原片段的高效表达

在本实验室已构建的原核表达载体(含乙脑疫苗株SA14-14-2株E蛋白基因主要抗原片段)的基础上用巴斯德毕赤酵母系统表达,该片段长1113bp,编码371个氨基酸残基,将其亚克隆入酵母表达载体pPICZα-A,以电穿孔法转化酵母X-33,用Zeocin平板筛选重组子,经甲醇诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹分析表达产物.由于糖基化不同,所表达产物有两种,其相对分子质量分别为44kDa和50kDa,表达量较高,约为290mg/L,经Western印迹验证,有较好的抗原性.在ELISA试验中,我们直接以PBS透析后的酵母上清包被,能够很明显地区分出乙脑阴阳性血清,与RT-PCR检测的相符率达95%,为制备JEV的诊断抗原和基因工程疫苗提供了依据.     

乙型脑炎病毒SA14—14—2株E蛋白主要抗原片段的高效表达

在本实验室已构建的原核表达载体(含乙脑疫苗株SA14-14-2株E蛋白基因主要抗原片段)的基础上用巴斯德毕赤酵母系统表达,该片段长1113bp,编码371个氨基酸残基,将其亚克隆入酵母表达载体pPICZα-A,以电穿孔法转化酵母X-33,用Zeocin平板筛选重组子,经甲醇诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹分析表达产物.由于糖基化不同,所表达产物有两种,其相对分子质量分别为44kDa和50kDa,表达量较高,约为290mg/L,经Western印迹验证,有较好的抗原性.在ELISA试验中,我们直接以PBS透析后的酵母上清包被,能够很明显地区分出乙脑阴阳性血清,与RT-PCR检测的相符率达95%,为制备JEV的诊断抗原和基因工程疫苗提供了依据.     

流行性乙型脑炎病毒E蛋白结构域Ⅲ的抗原表位鉴定与功能研究

流行性乙型脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)是一种严重危害人畜健康的虫媒病毒.表面囊膜蛋白(E蛋白)是该病毒的主要结构蛋白.E蛋白在介导病毒与宿主细胞的吸附、融合,决定病毒的血凝活性、细胞嗜性以及决定病毒毒力和诱导宿主产生保护性免疫反应中起重要作用.E蛋白结构域Ⅲ(EⅢ)是诱导中和抗体的重要区域.为确定乙型脑炎EⅢ的抗原表位,实验首先克隆了JEV疫苗株SA14-14-2的EⅢ区域,并用pGEX-6P-1载体进行融合表达,免疫印迹分析表明,该融合蛋白能被抗JEV血清识别.为了进一步对该结构域进行抗原表位作图,设计了14个覆盖该区域且部分重叠的短肽.将各短肽与GST进行融合表达与纯化.短肽融合蛋白经JEV阳性血清免疫印迹和EUSA免疫反应性扫描分析,结果鉴定出,E39(306TEKFSFAKNPVDTGHG320)、EA5-l(355VTNPFVATSSA366)、FA8-1(377FGDSYIV384)和E49(385VGRGDKQINHHWHKAG400)4个线性抗原表位.分别将4个抗原表位融合蛋白免疫小鼠,制备各抗原表位单因子血清,结果经体外病毒中和试验表明,E39为具有病毒中和活性的抗原表位.试验结果为进一步分析JEVE蛋白结构与功能以及诊断试剂和表位疫苗的研究提供了重要工作基础.     

利用噬菌体展示技术构建Mhp168株Hsp70随机肽库

[目的]构建Mhp168株Hsp70 C端基因的噬菌体展示随机肽库。[方法]扩增猪肺炎支原体168株热休克蛋白Hsp70 C端1 803 bp的DNA序列。回收Hsp70 DNaseⅠ消化产物中80～150 bp的DNA片段与p C89载体连接。辅助噬菌体超感染转化重组噬粒的E.coli XL1-Blue细胞。检测肽库的多样性,测定库容。[结果]在噬菌体表面展示出Hsp70 C端基因的随机片段融合蛋白。随机肽库库容约为9.9×10~3,滴度约为1.5×10~(13)PFU/ml。[结论]所构建的随机肽库可以满足Hsp70构象型抗原表位筛选。     

人冠状病毒NL63受体结合区蛋白的原核表达纯化与鉴定

人冠状病毒NL63受体结合区蛋白是其免疫学诊断和疫苗研究的主要靶点,在受体吸附、病毒进入细胞及膜融合中起关键作用。本研究在E.coli系统中进行人冠状病毒NL63受体结合区(RBD)大、小蛋白的表达纯化,并对其进行免疫学鉴定。首先密码子优化设计合成了HCoV-NL63的RBD大片段(RL:232-684aa)与小片段(RS:476-616aa)的编码基因,并将其克隆进硫氧还蛋白表达载体pM48,构建了人冠状病毒NL63的受体结合区蛋白(RBD)大(RL)、小(RS)片段与硫氧还蛋白的融合表达质粒;转化E.coli BL21pLys S,利用IPTG进行诱导表达,用镍亲和层析对蛋白进行纯化,并以表达HCoV-NL63RL与RS蛋白的重组痘苗病毒免疫小鼠血清对重组蛋白进行免疫印迹鉴定。结果表明在37℃,0.8mM IPTG诱导4h时,蛋白表达量达到最高,融合蛋白主要以包涵体形式表达,纯化后纯度可达95%以上。Western blot显示,两个融合蛋白均与痘苗病毒(天坛株)表达的HCoV-NL63RL与RS蛋白免疫的小鼠血清发生特异性反应。本研究首次在国内用原核系统表达纯化并鉴定了人冠状病毒NL63受体结合区大小蛋白(RL和RS),为人冠状病毒NL63感染的免疫学检测与疫苗研究提供了基础。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.