长江中下游鲢鳙草青四大家鱼线粒体DNA多样性分析

对长江中、下游湖北石首、江西九江、安徽芜湖三江段鲢、鳙、草鱼、青鱼天然群体共３６５尾鱼的线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）的ＮＤ５／６、Ｃｙｔｂ基因和Ｄ－Ｌｏｏｐ区片段进行了限制性内切酶酶切片段长度多态（ＲＦＬＰ）分析。结果表明：（１）长江中、下游鲢、鳙和青鱼的遗传多样性丰富，草鱼不甚丰富。发现鲢、鳙和青鱼的ｍｔＤＮＡ基因型分别有２８、１９、２７种，草鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ基因型仅见７种；鲢、鳙和青鱼的基因型多样性     

池塘混养模式下生态基对鲤生长及水质的影响

为探索池塘混养模式下生态基对鱼类生长的影响, 在6个土池中进行了一个饲养试验, 将土池分为2组, 一组为不放生态基的对照组, 另一组为放置生态基的生态基组, 每组3个重复。将尾均重为(310±11) g鲤3867尾、尾均重(810±15) g鲢及鳙370尾平均分别分为2组, 平均放养于6个土池中。对池塘鲤每天饲喂颗粒饲料3次, 饲养周期62d。在饲养期内, 每隔10天左右采集水样与底泥样品, 检测其中的浮游生物与微生物群落。在饲养结束后, 将试验鱼捕出并称重, 计算鲤的饲料效率。结果表明, 生态基组鲤鱼的增重率与饲料效率显著高于对照组; 生态基组的鲢、鳙末重显著低于对照组; 生态基组水体透明度与微生物群落多样性显著高于对照组; 生态基组浮游生物浓度低于对照组。结果表明, 在混养模式下土池中生态基的应用有利用促进鲤的生长, 然而池塘生态基的应用对于滤食性鲢、鳙的生长并无促进作用。     

白葡萄酒活性干酵母对不同氮源利用的研究

选用5种不同的白葡萄酒活性干酵母,以硫酸铵、氯化铵、硝酸铵、尿素、酵母粉等5种物质为氮源,观察其生长量并称量菌体重,以此分析其对氮源利用情况及不同氮源对酵母生长的影响。研究表明:供试菌系在不同氮源中均能生长。不同氮源对酵母的生长速度和生长量有不同影响;不同酵母菌种对不同氮源的利用也有差异。在以酵母粉为氮源的培养基中生长最好。在实验提供的氮源中,酵母粉为供试菌最优氮源,其次是硫酸铵,氯化铵与硫酸铵基本相当,而硝酸铵最差。8#菌种对各种氮源的利用能力相对较强。17#菌种对各种氮源的利用能力最弱。     

池塘混养模式下生态基对鲤生长及水质的影响（英文）

为探索池塘混养模式下生态基对鱼类生长的影响,在6个土池中进行了一个饲养试验,将土池分为2组,一组为不放生态基的对照组,另一组为放置生态基的生态基组,每组3个重复。将尾均重为(310±11)g鲤3867尾、尾均重(810±15)g鲢及鳙370尾平均分别分为2组,平均放养于6个土池中。对池塘鲤每天饲喂颗粒饲料3次,饲养周期62d。在饲养期内,每隔10天左右采集水样与底泥样品,检测其中的浮游生物与微生物群落。在饲养结束后,将试验鱼捕出并称重,计算鲤的饲料效率。结果表明,生态基组鲤鱼的增重率与饲料效率显著高于对照组;生态基组的鲢、鳙末重显著低于对照组;生态基组水体透明度与微生物群落多样性显著高于对照组;生态基组浮游生物浓度低于对照组。结果表明,在混养模式下土池中生态基的应用有利用促进鲤的生长,然而池塘生态基的应用对于滤食性鲢、鳙的生长并无促进作用。     

激素对枸杞体细胞胚发生及可溶性蛋白质含量和组分的影响

以宁夏枸杞无菌苗叶片为材料,对体细胞胚发生过程中激素作用、可溶性蛋白质变化及体细胞胚发生频率进行了研究。发现不同激素处理、可溶性蛋白质含量、组分和体细胞胚发生频率均有一定的差异,三者之间存在着相关性。结果如下：（１）ＭＳ＿１、ＭＳ＿２和ＭＳ＿３三种培养基上继代的愈伤组织难以诱导形成体细胞胚,为非胚性愈伤组织;而从ＭＳ＿１、ＭＳ＿２和ＭＳ＿３分别转到ＭＳ＿０和ＭＳ＿４培养基上的愈伤组织体细胞胚发生频率高,属于胚性愈伤组织。其中以ＭＳ＿３转至ＭＳ＿０后的体细胞胚发生频率最高。（２）可溶性蛋白质ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析表明：非胚性愈伤组织有特异性蛋白质６７ｋＤ,胚性愈伤组织有特异性蛋白质３５ｋＤ和４４ｋＤ;蛋白质３３ｋＤ和６７ｋＤ受２,４－Ｄ调控,蛋白质４９ｋＤ、５７ｋＤ受６ＢＡ调控,而蛋白质３７ｋＤ、５１ｋＤ受２,４－Ｄ和６ＢＡ协同调控。     

鲢鳙对鱼粪消化利用的研究

以鱼粪代表天然水体中有机碎屑,研究鲢、鳙对鱼粪的消化利用,并评价有机碎屑在鲢、鳙营养中的作用。在实验室条件下(水温30℃,溶氧6毫克/升以上,pH7—8,光照度2800lx),收集鲢、鳙摄食微囊藻后排出的粪作为试验用饲料。在限制摄食量的条件下,测定鱼对鱼粪的消化率及研究鱼粪对鲢、鳙生长的影响。研究结果是:(1)鲢、鳙对鱼粪中干物质消化率分别为58.54±9.53％及68.57±8.98％。其中蛋白质消化率分别为74.49±7.96％及80.41±9.02％,脂肪消化率分别为90.23±15.33％及84.24±6.96％,碳水化合物分别为49.14±20.67％及60.36±11.29％;(2)经10天饲养,鲢、鳙体重增重率分别为6.25±3.46％及7.80±3.18％。根据鱼粪的营养价值及鲢、鳙对鱼粪的能量转化率,表明鲢、鳙鱼粪在鲢、鳙营养中起着一定作用。     

鲢、鳙的食性及其对藻类的消化利用

通过对青菱湖34尾刚起水的鲢、鳙食物团的检查,得鲢、鳙食物中浮游植物和浮游动物的数量比例分别为48.78:1和7.95:1;将其折算为生物量,则浮游植物与浮游动物之比,鲢为1:47.6,鳙为1:292.15,显示出两种鱼食物中的浮游动物生物量都大于浮游植物生物量。鉴于鳙所食的浮游动物的生物量大于鲢所食的6倍多,因此,仍可相对地认为鳙以食浮游动物为主,鲢以食浮游植物为主。滤食时,除了小于鲢、鳙鳃耙间隙的浮游生物被随水滤去外,从鲢、鳙所生活的水体中的浮游生物组成和它们肠管中的食物组成的一致性来看,它们对食物并无选择能力。此外,对鲢、鳙是否能够消化某些藻类,根据观察而获得了结果。     

大鼠脑皮层中多巴胺受体的检定

本研究使用放射配基结合分析法,建立了对大鼠脑皮层多巴胺Ｄ＿１和Ｄ＿２型受体的检测方法。测得正常大鼠脑皮层中Ｄ＿１受体的Ｂ＿ｍａｘ,为１０３±５３ｐｍｏｌ／ｇ蛋白,Ｋ＿ｄ值为３．２±１．２ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ;Ｄ＿２受体的Ｂ＿ｍａｘ,为２２７±７９ｐｍｏｌ／ｇ蛋白,Ｋ＿ｄ值为２．６±ｌ．３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

武汉东湖鲢、鳙生长的几个问题的研究

采用退算法研究东湖鲢、鳙的生长,包括生长的基本模式,瞬时生长率及其变动,雌、雄鱼生长的差异等问题:1)鲢、鳙的生长模式可用von Bertalanffy方程来描述,其中鲢的参数l∞=99.8厘米、W∞=17,104克、K=0.3040、t0=0.4821年,鳙的参数l∞=117.6厘米、W∞=29,311克、K=0.3088、t0=0.5392年;2)鲢、鳙的瞬时生长率随着年龄的增长而逐渐下降,并且不同世代同龄鱼的瞬时生长率有一定的变动,其变差系数与年龄呈正相关;3)鲢、鳙的生长无显著的性别差异。通过对研究结果的综合分析,阐述了鲢、鳙4龄前后出现生长的拐折主要由其个体大小所制约,种群的不同世代和同一世代的不同个体一样存在生长补偿作用,以及瞬时生长率与肥满系数之间有着明显的对应关系。所取得的有关参数值可以应用于渔业估算。       

施用有机肥料以繁殖浮游生物

在我国主要淡水养殖鱼类中,鲢和鳙是以浮游生物作为食料的。水体中浮游生物的种类和数量,是决定这两种鱼产量的主要因素之一。因此,提高湖泊和池塘中浮游生物的产量,是保证鲢鱅产量的一个有效方法。     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparison of in vitro decomposition of bryophytic and tracheophytic plant material

The fossil record of bryophytes is generally poor and infertile plants attributable to liverworts and mosses could also be thalloid vascular plant gametophytes or herbaceous lycophytes respectively. The paucity of the bryophytic record could be the result of relatively rapid degradation of bryophytic material in comparison to that of vascular plants, the absence of lignified cells in bryophytes sustaining this belief. However, certain organs of bryophytes are as robust as those of vascular plants (e.g. spores) and the hydroxybenzofuran polymers produced by some mosses could be of similar preservational resistance to lignins. A simplistic experiment to test the relative resistance to decay of bryophytic material has been undertaken. Its findings suggest that bryophytic plant material has a similar preservational potential to that of a selected vascular plant, particularly in organic rich sediments. This result may be construed to imply that bryophytes were indeed less abundant in the preservational environments of the Coal Measures than might be expected on the basis of current palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.     

Epidemiological,Clinical and Serological Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan: A Single-centered,Retrospective Study

In December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in the samples obtained from three adult patients who suffered from an unknown viral pneumonia in Wuhan (Li et al. 2020). This unknown viral pneumonia is further named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization. To date, the number of new COVID-19 cases has continued to skyrocket and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on humans is far greater than any pathogen of this century in both breadth and depth. Previous studies have shown that adults with COVID-19 have symptoms of fever, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue and lymphocytopenia. Moreover, COVID-19 is more likely to cause death in the elderly, especially those with chronic comorbidities (Huang et al. 2020). In Wuhan, more than 50, 000 COVID-19 cases have been confirmed, including over 780 pediatric patients, and only one child death case (Lu et al. 2020). Although the number of children cases was far fewer than that of adults, COVID-19 might endanger children's health and the information on children remains limited, especially in serological study. In the retrospective study, the investigators analyzed the epidemiological, clinical and serological characteristics of children with COVID-19 in Wuhan in the early stages of the outbreak, which might provide theoretical and practical help in controlling COVID-19 and similar emerging infectious diseases in the future.