羰基还原酶产生菌Candida ontarioensis制备(R)-2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙醇

从实验室保藏的菌株中筛选获得Candida sp.PT2A,并通过18S rRNA鉴定为安大略假单胞菌Candida on-tarioensis。对C.ontarioensis不对称还原合成(R)-2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙醇的发酵产酶条件和转化条件进行优化,确定了最适的发酵产酶条件和转化条件:温度30℃,初始pH 6.5,摇床转速180 r/min,菌体质量浓度200 g/L。采用2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙酮质量浓度为10 g/L时,还原反应72 h,(R)-2-氯-1-(3-氯苯基)乙醇的e.e.值为99.9%,产率为99%;底物质量浓度提高至30 g/L时,产率下降为84.3%。采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对C.ontarioensis细胞进行通透性处理(CTAB g/L,4℃下处理20 min),在30 g/L底物下反应24 h,产物的e.e.和产率分别达到99.9%和97.5%。     

固定化啤酒酵母细胞催化有机硅酮不对称还原

研究了固定化啤酒酵母细胞催化三甲基硅乙酮不对称还原反应,系统探讨了振荡速度、底物浓度、固定化细胞浓度、pH值和反应温度对反应速度、产率和产物光学纯度的影响。结果表明,上述因素对固定化啤酒酵母细胞催化三甲基硅乙酮不对称还原反应均有较显著的影响。振荡速度以150r/min为宜,底物浓度和固定化细胞浓度分别为14mmol/L和0.15g/mL较佳,适宜的pH值为7.3,最佳反应温度为25℃～30℃。在该优化反应条件下,反应最大产率和产物的光学纯度分别高达84.9%和90.2%ee。     

利用固定化啤酒酵母合成5'-核苷三磷酸

固定化啤酒酵母细胞由5’-核苷一磷酸(NMPs)合成5’-核苷三磷酸(NTPs)。在250mL摇瓶中加入20g固定化酵母细胞和20mL反应液(NMP 40mmol/L,葡萄糖150mmol/L,K2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液250 mmol/L,硫酸镁10mmol/L),pH 7.0,35℃,反应2.5h,NTP转化率达到80%。底物溶液添加NAD 后,该固定化酵母细胞可反复使用10次,NTP的转化率稳定维持在70%以上。     

面包酵母催化羰基不对称还原合成手性醇的研究

以2-辛酮和4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯(COBE)为模型底物分别考察了酵母细胞对直链甲基酮和陆羰基酯中的羰基不对称还原情况。实验发现不对称还原2-辛酮的产物主要是S型的2-辛醇,且对映体选择性很高。不对称还原COBE生成的主要是S(D)-型产物,反应COBE的转化率、光学选择性都比较高。同时发现COBE的浓度和产物对不对称还原都有一定负面的影响。     

水/有机溶剂双相中固定化啤酒酵母细胞催化有机硅酮不对称还原

研究了水/有机溶剂双相中,固定化啤酒酵母细胞催化三甲基硅乙酮不对称还原成（－）-1-三甲基硅乙醇的反应,系统探讨了振荡速度、有机溶剂疏水性、水相与有机溶剂相体积比、水相pH值和反应温度对反应速度、产率和产物光学纯度的影响.结果表明,上述因素对固定化啤酒酵母细胞催化三甲基硅乙酮不对称还原反应均有较显著的影响.正己烷为该反应最好的有机溶剂,振荡速度以150 r/min为宜,水相与有机溶剂相体积比以1∶2较佳,适宜的pH值为8,最佳反应温度为25～30℃.在该优化反应条件下,反应最大产率和产物的光学纯度分别高达96.8％和95.7％(ee).     

不对称还原2-辛酮的菌株筛选和反应条件的研究

从本实验室保藏菌株中筛选出一株酒明串珠菌Oenococcus oeni CECT 4730,能不对称还原2-辛酮得到R-2-辛醇。对反应条件的研究表明：Tris-硼酸（TBE）是最佳缓冲液,葡萄糖是最佳辅助底物,壬烷是最佳有机相,当采用300 mmol/L的TBE缓冲液、300 mmol/L的葡萄糖、1：1（体积比）的两相比、150 g/L的湿菌体质量浓度下,可以实现3%的2-辛酮转化为R-2-辛醇（转化率〉99%）,并且e.e.值为97%。     

化学-酶法制备L-高苯丙氨酸

以苯丙酸乙酯为原料,通过正交设计优化2-氧4-苯基丁酸盐的制备条件：苯丙酸乙酯与草酸二乙酯摩尔比为1：3,缩合反应时间为2．5h,H2SO4质量分数为20％,水解反应时间为15h,优化条件下2-氧-4-苯基丁酸盐的产率为68．24％。随后,利用E．coli A5所产的天冬氨酸转氨酶为生物催化剂制备L-高笨丙氨酸。酶转化反应的最适条件为：游离细胞体系pH、温度、底物质量浓度和细胞质量浓度分别为8．5、37℃、20g/L和30g／L;而固定化细胞体系则分别为7．0—9．0、40℃、10g／L和30g/L。采用廉价的L-谷氨酸（L—Glu）作为氨基供体,添加表面活性剂有利于提高L-HPA产率。通过研究固定化细胞转化反应进程,结果发现8h内90％的底物可转化为L—HPA。     

固定化细胞拆分(R,S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯的研究

【目的】筛选鉴定一株产酯酶用于选择性拆分(R,S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯的菌株,利用该菌株固定化细胞催化拆分外消旋底物。【方法】通过富集培养、罗丹明B平板初筛及复筛培养获得一株选择性拆分(R,S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯的菌株,通过对其形态、生理生化特征及16S r DNA序列分析,确立该菌株系统发育地位。优化了利用硅藻土-戊二醛吸附交联法对该菌体细胞固定化的条件,研究固定化细胞催化性质及操作稳定性。【结果】该菌为革兰氏阴性菌,鉴定其为甲基球状菌属(Methylopila)。固定化体系最优条件:聚乙烯亚胺0.15%(V/V),戊二醛0.2%(V/V),硅藻土6 g/L,菌体质量浓度100 g/L。与游离细胞相比,固定化细胞最适p H由8.0变为8.5,最适温度由35°C变为40°C,p H稳定性和温度稳定性都有所提高。Cu~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)能促进酶活,Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)抑制酶活。固定化细胞的有机溶剂耐受性较游离细胞有所提高。动力学分析细胞固定化后Km值变大,底物亲和力降低。利用固定化细胞水解(R,S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯,底物浓度200 g/L,反应20 h,保留构型为S型,得率47.8%,对映体过量值ees为99.4%,重复使用12次后仍保留初始酶活的80%以上。【结论】开发了利用Methylopila sp.cxzy-L013固定化细胞择性拆分(R,S)-α-乙基-2-氧-1-吡咯烷乙酸甲酯的工艺,该工艺具有良好的工业应用前景。     

Bacillus megaterium WZ009催化合成(R)-4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯和(S)-3-羟基-γ-丁内酯

以外消旋4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯为唯一C源的富集培养筛选得到一株菌株WZ009,经16S rDNA测序鉴定为巨大芽胞杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)。B.megaterium WZ009静息细胞可以立体选择性催化(S)-4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯水解和脱氯反应得到光学纯的(R)-4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯(e.e.≥99%)和(S)-3-羟基-γ-丁内酯(e.e.≥95%)。笔者对B.megaterium WZ009不对称催化反应影响因素(温度、pH、中和剂、底物浓度、时间进程以及细胞重复利用)进行优化研究,确定了该反应体系最优条件:底物浓度200 mmol/L,中和剂氨水,pH 7.2,40℃反应12 h,转化率达到50.6%,底物对映体过量值为99.6%。该生物催化合成(R)-4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯和(S)-3-羟基-γ-丁内酯过程具有良好的工业化应用前景。     

葡萄酒酵母不对称还原苯甲酰甲酸合成（R）-扁桃酸

研究了葡萄酒酵母不对称还原制备（R）-扁桃酸的转化,并将其放大至反应罐进行小试研究。通过转化条件的优化,在密闭条件下,当底物质量浓度为10g/L时,苯甲酰甲酸的产率达到72％,扁桃酸的对应过量值（e.e）值达到99％以上。实验发现,该微生物具有很好的催化稳定性,全细胞经过10批次反应,产率无明显降低,产物对映体过量值均高于98％。转化反应放大至7L反应罐体系后,S.ellipsoideus,仍然具有良好的催化性能,产率提高到81％,e.e值保持在99％。     

Improved production of (R)-2-octanol via asymmetric reduction of 2-octanone with Oenococcus oeni CECT4730 in a biphasic system

Abstract

Oenococcus oeni CECT4730, which catalyses the asymmetric reduction of 2-octanone to (R)-2-octanol with high enantioselectivity, was further studied to exploit its potential for production of (R)-2-octanol in an aqueous/organic solvent biphasic system. Variables such as the volume ratio of aqueous to organic phase (V_a/V_o), buffer pH, reaction temperature, shaking speed, co-substrates and the ratio of biocatalyst to substrate were examined with respect to the molar conversion, the initial reaction rate and the product enantiomeric excess (e.e.). Under the optimized conditions (V_a/V_o=1:1 (v/v), buffer pH=8.0, reaction temperature=30°C, shaking speed=150 rev/min, ratio of glucose to biomass=5.4:l (w/w), ratio of biocatalyst to substrate=0.51:l (g/mol)), the highest space time yield of (R)-2-octanol, 24 mmol L^?1 per h, and >98% product e.e. were obtained at a substrate concentration close to 1.0 mol L^?1 after 24 h reduction.     

微环境对脂肪酶催化拆分外消旋2－辛醇的影响

微环境对脂肪酶催化拆分外消旋２－辛醇的影响　　　　　　　杨红,曹淑桂,韩四平,黄仲丽,杨同书（吉林大学酶工程国家重点实验室,长春１３００２３）手性２－辛醇不仅是制备液晶材料不可缺少的重要手性原料,也是合成具有光学活性的医药和农药的重要手性中间体．本文...     

Resolution of 2-octanol by SBA-15 immobilized Pseudomonas sp. lipase

Lipase from Pseudomonas sp. (PSL) was immobilized on SBA-15 (a highly ordered hexagonal array mesoporous silica molecular sieve) through physical adsorption and the immobilized PSL was used in resolution of (R,S)-2-octanol with vinyl acetate as acyl donor. Enhanced activity and enantioselectivity were observed for the immobilized PSL compared with those of the free one. The effects of reaction conditions, such as solvents, temperature, water activity and substrate ratio were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the residual (S)-2-octanol was recovered with 99% enantiomeric excess at 52% conversion. The results also indicated that the immobilized PSL maintained 90% of its initial activity even after reusing it five times.     

Resolution of 2-octanol via immobilized Pseudomonas sp. lipase in organic medium

Abstract

Pseudomonas sp. lipase (PSL) immobilization was performed using three different protocols. Lipase immobilized on Diaion HP20 (HP20-PSL) exhibited the highest catalytic activity and stability in the kinetic resolution of racemic 2-octanol. The reaction rate of HP20-PSL was approximately 20 times higher than that of free PSL and the residual activities of HP20-PSL and free PSL were respectively 84% and 19% after incubation in the reaction medium for 72 h. A study of the effect of different reaction parameters on HP20-PSL-catalyzed resolution of (R,S)-2octanol showed that the optimal water content of the immobilized matrix and the optimal molar ratio of vinyl acetate to 2-octanol were 60 ± 5% and 2.5:1, respectively. Under the optimized reaction conditions, (S)-2-octanol of high optically purity (enantiomeric excess > 99%) could be recovered at 53% conversion rate, and HP20-PSL could be reused for ten cycles without significant decrease in its activity and enantioselectivity.     

毕赤酵母不对称合成阿托伐他汀中间体

阿托伐他汀可通过抑制HMG-CoA还原酶与底物的结合来抑制胆固醇的合成,而 (R)-3-羟基-5-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基戊酸乙酯是阿托伐他汀合成的重要中间体。通过对实验室保藏菌种进行筛选,得到一株巴氏毕赤酵母X-33可将5-邻苯二甲酰亚胺-3-氧代戊酸乙酯还原为 (R)-3-羟基-5-邻苯二甲酰亚胺基戊酸乙酯。在磷酸盐缓冲液体系中考察了初始底物浓度、反应时间、辅助底物、葡萄糖添加量、pH、温度等因素对产物收率和对映体选择性的影响,获得了较佳的反应条件。选择底物投料量为7 g/L时,当菌体浓度120 g/L,葡萄     

Improvement of the enantioselectivity and activity of lipase from Pseudomonas sp. via adsorption on a hydrophobic support: kinetic resolution of 2-octanol

Pseudomonas sp. lipase (PSL) was successfully immobilized on a novel hydrophobic polymer support through physical adsorption and the immobilized PSL was used for resolution of (R,S)-2-octanol with vinyl acetate as acyl donor. Enhanced activity and enantioselectivity were observed from the immobilized PSL compared with free PSL. The effects of reaction conditions such as temperature, water activity, substrate molar ratio and the amount of immobilized lipase were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the residual (S)-2-octanol was recovered with 99.5% enantiomeric excess at 52.9% conversion. The results also indicated that the immobilized PSL could maintain 94% of its initial activity even after reusing it five times.     

Preparation of enantiopure (R)-hydroxy metabolite of denbufylline using immobilized Lactobacillus kefiri DSM 20587 as a catalyst

Lactobacillus kefiri DSM 20587 cells were immobilized in calcium alginate and carrageenan. The immobilized cells were used as biocatalysts for the enantioselective reduction of the methyl ketone group of denbufylline to synthesize the enantiopure (R)-hydroxy metabolite: (-)-1,3-dibutyl-7-((2'R)-hydroxypropyl)-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione (1). The experimental conditions for the biotransformation were optimized. As denbufylline is insoluble in aqueous media, the influence of cosolvents (dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile) and different concentrations of each solvent in the reaction mixture on the yield and enantiomeric excess of the final biotransformation product was studied. The maximum biotransformation yield (96-98%) and highest enantioselectivity (96% ee) for the obtained metabolite were reached using DMSO as a cosolvent at a concentration of 7.5% (v/v) in the presence of L. kefiri immobilized either in calcium alginate or in carrageenan. The absolute configuration of the stereogenic center of 1 was determined by applying Mosher's method.     

复合诱变选育高产脂肪酶黑曲霉菌株及其固定化酶性质

通过硫酸二乙酯(DES)和微波复合诱变,获得遗传性状稳定的高产脂肪酶黑曲霉突变菌株CM2,酶活达174.93 U/mL.对菌株CM2培养条件的优化,以橄榄油和(NH_4)_2SO_4为最佳碳、氮源,在28℃、pH 7.5的条件下,发酵CM2菌株68 h,脂肪酶活为180.52 U/mL.大孔树脂固定化脂肪酶在35～55℃和pH 7.5～9.5之间有很好的稳定性.游离酶和固定化酶的表观失活活化能分别为52.6842 kJ/mol和30.8391 kJ/mol,固定化酶对温度的敏感度降低,耐受性增强.在微水相中脂肪酶催化2-辛醇和乙酸乙烯酯不对称酯交换反应中,(S)-乙酸辛酯的对映选择性高(游离酶e.e.s 85.7%;固定化酶e.e.s 87.7%),显示了该固定化酶在2-辛醇的手性拆分方面具有良好的应用前景.     

Stereochemical Control in Microbial Reduction. Part 10. Asymmetric Reduction of Alkyl 3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate with Immobilized Bakers' Yeast in Hexane

Esters of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid are reduced with bakers' yeast by three methods: free bakers' yeast in water, immobilized bakers' yeast in water, and immobilized bakers' yeast in hexane. Although (R)-hydroxy esters are obtained in all cases, the enantiomeric excess varies from 3% (reduction of the methyl ester with free bakers' yeast in water) to 93% (reduction of the butyl ester with immobilized bakers' yeast in hexane) depending on the structure of substrate and on the reaction conditions. The mechanism of the present stereochemical control is discussed.     

Anti-Prelog Reduction of Prochiral Carbonyl Compounds by Oenococcus oeni in a Biphasic System

An aqueous-organic biphasic system was established and used with whole cells of Oenococcus oeni to reduce 2-octanone to (R)-2-octanol. The conversion reached 99% when the Tris/borate buffer was increased from 50 mM to 300 mM in the aqueous phase. In addition, the conversion increased as the log P value of the organic solvent changed from 0.5 to 6.6. Under optimized conditions, the conversion of (R)-2-octanol reached 99% from 0.5 M 2-octanone with an optical purity of 99% e.e. The biphasic system allows the anti-Prelog reduction of aliphatic and aromatic ketones to furnish (R)-configurated alcohols in high optical purity as well.