氧氟沙星对小鼠生殖毒性和致畸性的研究

目的研究氧氟沙星对昆明系小鼠胚胎和胎鼠发育的影响,确定其是否存在生殖毒性和致畸性。方法①雄鼠分别灌服各剂量氧氟沙星,连续10d,末次给药24h后与母鼠合笼,在妊娠第三天取胚胎,记录各剂量组胚胎发育率。②孕鼠妊娠零天给药,分别经口灌服高、中、低剂量[36、72和360mg(kg.bw)]氧氟沙星溶液,连续给药3d,在妊娠第三天收集胚胎,记录胚胎发育率。③孕鼠妊娠零天给药,分别经口灌服各剂量氧氟沙星溶液,连续给药10d,在妊娠第16天取出胎鼠,记录胎鼠体重、胎盘重、活胎数、胎鼠外观畸形和内脏畸形等指标。结果给药组与对照组相比,雄鼠服用高剂量组360mg(kg.bw)氧氟沙星对着床前胚胎发育影响显著(P<0.05),而中等剂量和低剂量组对着床前胚胎发育的影响不显著(P>0.05)。雌鼠服用不同剂量氧氟沙星对着床前胚胎发育影响不显著(P>0.05)。氧氟沙星对受孕鼠的活胎数和吸收胎数均无明显影响,给药组的活鼠体重、胎盘重均未见明显差异(P>0.05);药物组和对照组均未出现外观畸形和内脏畸形,也不存在剂量和效应关系。结论孕鼠服用不同剂氧氟沙星对昆明系小鼠胚胎和胎鼠发育无明显的影响,表明氧氟沙星对雌性鼠不具有明显的生殖毒性和致畸性;但雄鼠服用高剂量氧氟沙星对着床前胚胎发育影响显著。     

采用三次样条拟合胎儿体格发育指标百分位数参考值

目的:生长发育评价标准的最佳形式是年龄别百分位数,然而,目前我国缺乏胎儿的孕周别体格发育指标百分位数评价标准,影响了胎儿宫内生长发育水平的准确评价,本研究拟建立陕西省正常单胎妊娠孕妇胎儿体格发育指标百分位数参考标准。方法:以陕西省西安、汉中、延安5所大型综合医院超声科或妇产科超声室为数据采集点,选择2010-01-01到2010-12-31间进行常规孕期检查的正常单胎妊娠胎儿的超声测量数据,随机抽取一次测量结果,共收集到6832个单胎正常妊娠胎儿的超声测量数据。采用三次样条法对陕西省孕16-41周正常单胎妊娠胎儿的双顶径、腹围、股骨长百分位数进行拟合。结果:三次样条拟合胎儿的双顶径、腹围、股骨长百分位数,各百分位数的决定系数均在0.95以上,均方差均在各指标重复测量的容许误差内,拟合结果满意。计算出了胎儿的孕周别双顶径、腹围、股骨长的P3、P10、P25、P50、P75、P90、P97百分位数。结论:三次样条兼顾了曲线拟合中的拟合优度和光滑度,能更好的实现曲线拟合的目的。所建立的孕周别胎儿体格发育指标百分位数符合胎儿宫内生长发育规律,为胎儿宫内生长发育的准确评价提供了科学、准确的评价工具,可用于产科临床和研究工作中。     

双胎妊娠一胎宫内死亡的临床分析

目的:探讨双胎妊娠一胎宫内死亡的原因及处理方法。方法:对本院2013年1月～2017年6月住院分娩的双胎妊娠一胎宫内死亡的病例进行回顾性分析。结果:双胎妊娠一胎宫内死亡28例,占同期双胎分娩的1.63%,占同期双胎胎盘送检的4.33%。6例孕28周,14例孕28～34周,8例孕周34周。全部孕产妇均无出血倾向或发生凝血功能障碍。产妇年龄23～45周岁,平均31.3周岁;初产妇23人,经产妇5人。应用辅助生殖技术受孕5例,自然受孕23例;剖宫产7例,顺产21例;确诊一胎儿死亡时间为孕12周余～34周余。主要致死原因为脐带因素13例次(46.43%),胎盘因素12例次(42.86%),双胎输血综合征及纸样胎共5例次(17.86%),胎儿畸形4例次(18.18%)。结论:孕中晚期双胎之一胎儿宫内死亡妊娠不足34周,应在密切监护母胎情况下行期待治疗,单绒毛膜囊双胎34周后可以分娩,双绒毛膜囊双胎可妊娠至36周。     

新超声医学术语(五)

101.胸围 Thorax Circumference;TC 胎儿的胸围,测量取位在胎儿心尖处,其计算公式为:TC=(T_1+T_2)×1.57 式中T_1和T_2分别为胎儿胸围的前后径(厚度)和左右径(横径)。 102.小脑横径 Cerebellar transver-se diameter;CTD 胎儿小脑位于胎头的后颅凹内,可显示于第10孕周后,呈线性增长。在胎头横切面上呈蝶形图象,其最大横径在第20～38孕周平均增长1～2mm/周。之后,约0.7mm/周。 103.胎儿体重 Fetal weight;Fwt 以Warsof(77)通过测量双顶径和腹围来估计胎儿的体重较佳。其计算公式为:Log_(10)wt=-1.7492+0.166(BPD)+0.046(AC)-0.002646(AC)(BPD)     

宫颈环扎术对PCOS双胎妊娠合并宫颈机能不全患者妊娠结局的影响及手术时机研究

摘要 目的：探讨宫颈环扎术对多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）双胎妊娠合并宫颈机能不全患者妊娠结局的影响及手术时机。方法：回顾性分析2015年01月至2022年06月在南京医科大学附属妇产医院生殖医学中心行冻融胚胎移植后PCOS双胎妊娠合并宫颈机能不全的114例患者的临床资料。按照是否行宫颈环扎术分为手术组和非手术组。根据宫颈环扎手术时间,将行宫颈环扎的PCOS双胎妊娠合并宫颈机能不全患者分为孕周≤16周组和孕周＞16周组。收集患者的临床资料,比较不同组别的临床资料、妊娠结局,分析宫颈环扎术对PCOS双胎妊娠合并宫颈机能不全患者妊娠结局的影响和不同手术时机的治疗效果。结果：PCOS双胎妊娠合并宫颈机能不全患者中67例行宫颈环扎手术,47例未行宫颈环扎手术。手术组晚期流产率低于非手术组,胎膜早破率、产后出血率、剖宫产率、活产率高于非手术组（P＜0.05）。两组妊娠合并症、早产、足月产、新生儿结局组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。孕周≤16周有33例,孕周＞16周有34例,孕周≤16周组的延长妊娠时间长于孕周＞16周组（P＜0.05）。结论：接受辅助生殖助孕的PCOS患者发生双胎妊娠,在任何孕周发现宫颈扩张并进行经阴道宫颈环扎术均可改善妊娠结局,减少晚期流产的发生,提高活产率,但会增加胎膜早破和产后出血的风险,因此需要做好围手术期的管理。同时在孕周≤16周时行宫颈环扎术可有效延长妊娠时间。     

锌对染汞孕鼠胚胎毒性的影响及其机理研究

目的:探讨妊娠期补锌对染汞孕鼠胚胎发育毒性的保护作用.方法:建立孕鼠动物模型,应用不同剂量的氯化甲基汞(0.01、0.05、2.00mg/kg·d)及5.00mg/kg·d硫酸锌于妊娠6～9天连续灌胃.蒸馏水灌胃为对照组,观察孕鼠及胚胎的汞毒性及硫酸锌的影响.应用ICP-MS法测定各组胎鼠脑组织汞含量;Western blot法检测各组胎鼠脑bcl-2蛋白表达情况;TUNEL法检测各组胎鼠脑细胞凋亡情况.结果:各组均未发现死胎、吸收胎及畸形胎;0.01、0.05mg/kg·d氯化甲基汞对孕鼠及胎鼠生长发育没有明显的抑制作用;2.00mg/kg·d氯化甲基汞可以明显抑制孕鼠体重增长及胎鼠身长、体重及尾长的增长(P＜0.05),但对孕鼠产仔数、胎窝总重及胎盘总重没有明显的影响,0.05mg/kg·d、2.00mg/kg·d 氯化甲基汞组胎鼠脑组织汞含量较对照组明显升高(P＜0.05),bcl一2蛋白表达明显下降(P＜0.05),脑细胞凋亡较对照组明显升高(P＜0.05);应用硫酸锌预处理后,氯化甲基汞对孕鼠及胚胎的毒性作用明显降低(P＜0.05),胎鼠脑组织汞含量较染汞组明显降低(P＜0.05),bcl-2蛋白表达明显升高(P＜0.05),胎鼠脑细胞凋亡明显降低(P＜0.05).结论:孕期补锌可以降低氯化甲基汞对孕鼠胚胎的毒性作用,其机制与锌通过升高bel-2蛋白的表达而抑制细胞凋亡有关.     

牛蒡抗虫活性及抗虫成分的初步研究

在水温(23±0.5)℃、pH 7.0～8.0、溶解氧＞5 mg· L-1的条件下,研究孵化过程中不同盐度对拟目乌贼胚胎发育和孵化率的影响.结果表明,拟目乌贼卵透明略带奶油色,近椭圆形,短径为0.596～1.758 cm,长径为1.452～3.136 cm,刚产出的卵重约2g;孵化完成时,卵膜内的重量达到4.5g.在盐度为28‰时,经过28～30 d孵化,卵的短径和长径平均分别增加了0.601、0.615 cm,孵化率为57.0％;盐度为23‰时,卵的长径和短径也相应增加,增幅分别为0.567、1.263 cm,孵化率为13.5％;盐度为33‰时,经过28～30 d孵化,卵短径平均增长0.150 cm,而长径却缩短了0.141 cm,孵化率为9.5％;在盐度为13‰、18‰、38‰和43‰条件下,胚胎停止发育,孵化率为0.结果表明,拟目乌贼属于狭盐性种类,盐度变化对拟目乌贼胚胎发育和孵化有直接影响.     

罕见异位核型t(1;3),T(9;19)两例报告

TwoRareCasesofChromosomeTranslocationt(1;3)andt(9;19)WeiRongshangZhangHaiduanWangAiqinHeChunna(LaboratoryofGenetics,NanjingHospitaloftheAirForceofPLANanjing210002)例1男,28岁,结婚2年余,妻27岁,妊娠3次,第1胎孕5个月胎死宫内,第2胎7 月早产后夭折,第3胎5个     

血清妊娠相关血浆蛋白A在诊断异常妊娠中的临床意义

目的:探讨血清妊娠相关血浆蛋白A(PAPP-A)在诊断异常妊娠中的临床意义,分析其与异常妊振的关系。方法:选取299例5~13周的正常早孕妇为正常早孕组,同期选取稽留流产86例,先兆流产54例,异位妊娠76例为异常妊娠组,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELASA)测定两组受试者的血清PAPP-A水平,分析两组受试者各个孕周内的血清PAPP-A水平的差异。结果:稽留流产孕妇在各个孕周内(9~13周)的血清PAPP-A水平显著低于同孕周内正常早孕孕妇(t值分别为9.500,8.113,3.511,9.538,8.504,P值均0.05);稽留流产孕妇总的平均血清PAPP-A水平亦低于常早孕孕妇(t=3.651,P值均0.05);异位妊娠孕妇在各个孕周内(9~13周)的血清PAPP-A水平显著低于同孕周内正常早孕孕妇(t值分别为7.976,9.030,9.941,11.625,14.079,12.569,P值均0.05),异位妊娠孕妇总的平均血清PAPP-A水平亦低于常早孕孕妇(t=28.168,P值均0.05);先兆流产孕妇(除孕8周)与正常早孕妊娠血清PAPP-A水平比较无显著统计学意义。结论:血清PAPP-A水平在异常妊娠如异位妊娠、稽留流产中显著降低,可作为诊断异位妊娠、稽留流产及先兆流产辅助诊断的生物学指标。     

双炔失碳酯(抗孕-53)对家兔抗生育效应及血浆孕酮和雌激素的影响

家兔配后1天灌服抗孕-53(10.5mg/kg),第11天剖腹检查,对照组着床数为9.7±1.6(平均值±SEM),实验组为0.4±0.4;兔妊娠第7—9天连续灌服抗孕-53(每天5mg/kg),17天剖检,对照组活胎数为7.5±1.1,实验组活胎数为0.3±0.3,死胎数为7.0±0.5;兔妊娠第22天肌肉注射抗孕-53(1.25mg/kg)一针,30天剖检,对照组活胎数为12.2±0.2,实验组均为死胎11.9±0.5。说明抗孕-53有明显抗着床、抗早孕和终止中期妊娠的作用。抗孕-53对家兔抗着床时,血浆孕酮和雌激素变化不显著;抗孕-53对早孕家兔血浆孕酮水平明显下降,但对血浆雌激素水平无影响。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.