FLORAL AND FRUIT MORPHOLOGY OF NEPENTHES LOWII AND N. VILLOSA,MONTANE CARNIVORES OF BORNEO

Floral structure and function and some aspects of development are illustrated for Nepenthes lowii and N. villosa. The floral nectar glands are similar in structure to nectar glands and digestive glands of pitchers. The stamens are fused and form an anther-head, but identities of individual stamens are mostly retained. Placentation is laminar. Evidence of entomophily is presented. Only 4.5% of the seeds in the sample bore embryos, and fertile seeds lack endosperm. There is need of field observations on pollination.     

普通烟草和黄花烟草及体细胞杂种过氧化物酶同工酶等电聚焦电泳

日本学者长尾照义(1978)用原生质体融合获得普通烟草与黄花烟草的体细胞杂种植株。1980年陈家玉等在国内首先获得普通烟草(Copus Yeusuku No.4)和黄花烟草(Yellow Flower)的体细胞杂种植株。之后,中国农科院烟草所(1981)也得到相同的结果。陈家玉等(1983)对上述杂种进行了形态学、细胞学和同工酶的分析并取得一定的结果。Dlineee等(1975)分析比较了用等电聚焦技术分离的过氧     

氮肥和水分条件对长喙田菁生长、结瘤和固氮的影响

 盆栽试验研究了长喙田菁(Sesbania rostrata) 茎瘤固氮根瘤菌（Azorhizobium caulinodans）共生体系在不同水分和无机氮肥条件下的生长、结瘤和氮积累。水分处理为: 不浸水、浅浸水(土壤水分为田间持水量)和深浸水, 氮肥处理分别为每千克土施加无机氮肥10 mg、20 mg和40 mg。结果表明,水分条件对共生体系有较大影响, 浸水环境虽然抑制了根瘤的形成, 却促进了茎瘤的结瘤作用和长喙田菁根系的生长, 田间持水量状态下共生体系能获得最大的生物量和氮累积量; 无机氮肥对共生体系的影响受水分供应的影响较大,实验氮肥施用浓度范围内,长喙田菁的结瘤作用对复合态氮无负敏感反应,明显有别于一般根瘤体系的复合态氮反应。     

EFFECTS OF N-METHYLAMINOETHANOL, AND N,N-DIMETHYL-AMINOETHANOL IN THE DIET OF PREGNANT RATS ON NEONATAL RAT BRAIN CHOLINERGIC AND PHOSPHOLIPID PROFILE

Abstract— Pregnant rats were fed for 15 days predelivery until 15 days postpartum a choline (Ch)-deficient diet (CD diet) or a CD diet supplemented with 0.8% Ch-CI (CS), 1% N -methylaminoethanol (MME) or 1% N,N -dimethylaminoethanol (DME). Gestation and parturition of the pregnant rats proceeded normally. However, all the pups born of dams fed the MME diet, and most of those born of dams fed the DME diet, died within 36 h of birth. No histological or cytological alterations were detected in the brain of the pups. Levels of Ch and acetylcholine (ACh) were elevated in the brain of pups born of dams fed the MME and DME diets, but not the CS diet. The content of total phospholipids in the brain of the pups was not altered by the diet fed to the dams. However, the phosphatidyl-Ch and phosphatidylaminoethanol (PAE) contents in the brain of the MME- and DME-exposed pups were markedly reduced. At the same time, significant amounts of DME, phosphatidyl-N-monomethylaminoethanol (PMME) and of phosphatidyl- N,N -dimethylaminoethanol (PDME) were present in the same brain areas. These results are evaluated and discussed in terms of providing a cause for the death of the MME- and DME-exposed neonatal rats.     

洱海三种生活型水生植物叶片中碳、氮与总酚含量的比较研究

植物体内的C、N和总酚是影响其被牧食和凋落物降解的重要因素,从而影响C和N在食物链的传递和生物地化循环。本研究测定了云南洱海3种生活型（挺水、沉水和浮叶）26种水生植物叶片中C、N和总酚含量以及C/N比率,并分析了它们与总酚的关系。结果表明:挺水植物叶片的C、N和总酚平均含量为448.08、39.30和24.70 mg/g,浮叶植物叶片的C、N和总酚平均含量为433.32、35.16和28.05 mg/g,沉水植物叶片的C、N和总酚平均含量为378.36、27.31和10.28 mg/g;总体上看,植物叶片C和N含量:挺水植物 浮叶植物 沉水植物;挺水和浮叶植物叶片的总酚含量差异不显著,且均远高于沉水植物叶片的总酚含量;26种植物叶片中C和N与总酚含量均呈显著正相关。在富营养化条件下,3种生活型植物所处生境的光照和CO2供给均差异显著,会对这些植物叶片的C、N和总酚含量有一定影响,此外由于应对生境中的胁迫（草食性昆虫、病原体及紫外线辐射等）压力以及自身的生长策略的不同也可能导致C、N和酚在三者中形成差异;通过对13种沉水植物叶片总酚含量比较,推测光叶眼子菜和微齿眼子菜较为适合作为洱海耐牧食恢复先锋物种;N与总酚正相关的关系可能在富营养化进程中加速湖泊沼泽化。     

小兴安岭典型草丛沼泽湿地CO2、CH4和N2O的排放动态及其影响因素

2007年6～10月,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,同步研究了小兴安岭典型修氏苔草(Carex schmidtii)沼泽湿地CO2、CH4和N2O排放通量的季节动态及其与环境因子的关系,估算CO2、CH4和N2O的生长季排放量,探讨了沼泽湿地碳与氮的源汇关系.结果表明:草丛沼泽生长季节温室气体排放量以CO2占绝对优势(99.61%),CH4的排放量次之(0.39%),N2O的排放量最低(0.000 7%),且为碳、氮的吸收汇(分别为固定量的53.93%和0.04%);CO2、CH4和N2O生长季平均排放通量依次为487.89、1.88和0.004 mg·m-2·h-1,且具有明显的季节变化特征,CO2和N2O的最高排放量均出现在夏季(6月24日至8月14日和7月14日至8月14日),CH4的最高排放量出现在夏秋季(8月24日至9月24日),其中,CO2季节变化与空气温度和0～20 cm土壤温度具有显著相关性(p＜0.05),CH4与空气温度具有显著相关性(p<0.01),N2O与水位具有显著的负相关性(p＜0.05).     

针刺对同时在丘脑束旁核和尾核记录的痛兴奋与痛抑制神经元单位放电的影响

在44只大白鼠上,通过两根玻璃微电极同时引导丘脑束旁核和尾核神经元的放电,观察伤害性刺激作用于坐骨神经和电针“足三里”对两个神经元放电的影响。实验共记录到81对两个神经元的同时放电,其中包括26对痛兴奋、3对痛抑制、28对痛兴奋和痛抑制、24对其他组合类型的神经元放电。实验结果表明:1.从大白鼠尾核可同时记录到痛兴奋和痛抑制两种神经元的电活动,未见痛兴奋和痛抑制神经元的放电型式相互转换。2.同一伤害性刺激可同时引起丘脑束旁核和尾核中的两个痛兴奋神经元兴奋、两个痛抑制神经元抑制、或一个痛兴奋神经元兴奋和另一个痛抑制神经元的抑制。3.电针“足三里”可同时使丘脑束旁核和尾核的痛兴奋神经元兴奋减弱或痛抑制神经元抑制反应减弱(抑制解除)。本工作证明,伤害性刺激可同时影响丘脑束旁核和尾核中痛兴奋和痛抑制神经元的单位放电变化,而电针“足三里”又同时对两核团中痛兴奋和痛抑制神经元的活动具有调整作用。     

杂鱼在养鱼水库中的作用及其种群控制

(歺又鱼)条、贝氏(歺又鱼)条、似(鱼乔)和逆鱼是我国北方养鱼水库中常形成雄厚种群的习见鱼类。本研究查明:这些鱼类生长缓慢,生产效率低,而且与养殖鱼类有食物竞争关系,应属于无益鱼类;这几种鱼都在越冬期(有的还在生殖期)有强烈集群的习性,利用这一习性进行网具捕捞可以有效地控制其种群。     

SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS, TOTAL C, N, AND P CONTENT, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PHYLLARIOPSIS PURPURASCENS: (PHAEOPHYTA) FROM THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR

Photosynthetic pigments, C, N, and P tissue composition, and photosynthetic rate were measured from April to October in the brown alga Phyllariopsis purpurascens (C. Agardh) Henry et South (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) growing at a 30-m depth in the Strait of Gibraltar. Ir-radiance reaching the population ranged from 13.5 to 27.5 mol.m^-2.mo^-1. The available light for this species, expressed as a percentage of the irradiance above the water, was 1.8%. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen forms, NO3-and NH₄+, were constant from April to October, whereas phosphate was depleted in August. Chlorophyll a decreased from 520.0 ± 165.0 to 199.6 ± 159.9 μg.g^-1 dry weight; in contrast, chlorophyll c and carotenoids did not change until September but increased threefold in October. C:N and N:P ratios changed in the same way and in the same range. They were constant until July but increased from 15–17 up to 42 (C:N) and from 14 to 40 (N:P) in October, suggesting a severe P limitation of growth of this species. The dark respiration rate and the light compensation point were constant from April to October (0.5 ± 0.1 μmol O₂. m^-2.s^-1 and 6.5 ± 0.2 μmol.m^-2. s^-1, respectively), whereas the maximum rate of apparent photosynthesis, light onset saturation parameter, and half saturation constant for light were maximum in April to May (3.7 μmol O₂. m^-2.s^-1and 40 and 41.5 μmol.m^-2. s^-1, respectively) and October (3.6 μmol O₂. m^-2.s^-1 and 50 and 53.7 μmol.m^-2. s^-1, respectively). They were minimum in August (1.2 μmol O₂.m^-2.s^-1 and 11.3 and 12 μmol.m^-2.s^-1, respectively). These minimum figures yielded a negative carbon budget in August and 0 in September, whereas it was positive the rest of the year. Photosynthetic efficiency, estimated by the ratio between maximum apparent photosynthesis and light half saturation constant, showed a strong agreement with productivity measured by means of an independent method. These results indicate that lamina expansion in this species is controlled by photosynthetic efficiency.     

东北珍稀濒危保护植物的地理分布及其区系特征

本文分析了东北珍稀濒危保护植物30种的地理分布和26属的分布区类型及区系特征:1.东北地区珍稀濒危植物种类较少, 特有植物贫乏。2.根椐26属的分布区类型的分析, 其属具有明显的温带性质, 而以北温带区系成分为主。     

香根草和水花生对垃圾污水中N、P、CI的吸收效果

香根草和水花生对垃圾污水中不同“污物”的吸收能力差别较大。二者对Ｎ的吸收量均超过了各自净化的 总Ｎ量,对Ｐ的吸收率亦较高,但植株体内的Ｐ浓度却随介质Ｐ浓度的升高而下降。和净化量相比,植物对低浓度 污水中ＣＩ的吸收率较高,但对高浓度中的吸收率较低。和原液中的“污物”量相比时,根系对元素的吸收率都明显 降低。这表明,植物净化系统中的去污方式除了根系的吸收外,还有其他方式,即根系是通过根际微生态系统的综 合作用来达到净化目的。总的来说,香根草对“污物”的吸收能力不比水花生强,尽管他比水花生有更强的净化能 力。     

过硫酸铵-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺体系产生的氧自由基及其清除的研究

应用ESR和自旋捕集相结合的技术直接测定了过硫酸铵—N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺(AP-TEMED)体系产生的氧自由基,经计算机波谱模拟和计算波谱参数证实该体系产生的氧自由基是O_2~-和·OH。并用维生素C、茶多酚、超氧化物歧化酶等氧自由基清除剂,从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法、化学发光法和脂质过氧化法不同角度研究了AP-TEMED体系在自由基研究方面的应用意义。     

酚类物质对杉木幼苗15N养分吸收、分配的影响

 应用15N同位素示踪技术,通过盆栽实验研究了香草醛和对羟基苯甲酸对杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）幼苗N素养分吸收、分配的影响,结果发现香草醛及其与对羟基苯甲酸的混合物（浓度比1∶1）明显抑制了杉木幼苗的生长和对15NO3-离子的吸收,10 mmol·L-1的香草醛使杉木幼苗根、茎、叶生物量分别下降了25.3%、13.5%、5.7%,15N吸收量分别减少了38.5%、48.1%、46.5%;10 mmol·L-1的混合物使杉木幼苗根、茎、叶生物量分别下降了33.5%、36.0%、21     

过硫酸铵-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺体系产生的氧自由基及其清除的研究

应用ESR和自旋捕集相结合的技术直接测定了过硫酸铵—N,N,N′,N′-四甲基乙二胺(AP-TEMED)体系产生的氧自由基,经计算机波谱模拟和计算波谱参数证实该体系产生的氧自由基是O_2~-和·OH。并用维生素C、茶多酚、超氧化物歧化酶等氧自由基清除剂,从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法、化学发光法和脂质过氧化法不同角度研究了AP-TEMED体系在自由基研究方面的应用意义。     

CHARLIEA MANZANITANA,N. GEN., N. SP., AND OTHER ENIGMATIC PARALLEL-VEINED FOLIAR FORMS FROM THE UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN OF NEW MEXICO AND TEXAS

Charliea is a new genus (type-species: C. manzanitana), based on pinnately compound leaf material from the richly fossiliferous Virgilian (Upper Pennsylvanian) shales of the Kinney Brick Company quarry near Albuquerque, New Mexico. In several features Charliea resembles Russellites or a zamioid cycad. It has linear-oblong pinnae with broad, oblique attachment and a truncate tip, which is deeply incised to form two to four nearly equal lobes. The venation is simple, parallel, and sparingly dichotomous, each vein ending at the distal margin. The Kinney beds also contain Plagiozamites planchardi, another zamioid form with parallel-veined pinnae, differing from Charliea chiefly in having rounded tips and veins ending in the denticulate margins. An unnamed third form (genus B) in the Kinney beds has long, narrow pinnae with parallel veins and blunt tips; this strongly resembles the Mesozoic conifer Podozamites, but may just as well represent a cycadophyte. Another unnamed taxon (genus A), from an Upper Pennsylvanian deposit in Jack County, Texas, resembles genus B or Russellites in general shape and venation, but the critical distal margins are unknown. In their single-ordered parallel venation, these four foliar types contrast sharply with the two-ordered pinnate venation of most Pennsylvanian fern-like leaves, and seem to foreshadow Mesozoic morphologies. This tendency toward precocious evolution of parallel-veined foliar form in North America is also expressed by a single occurrence of the Asiatic, Permian genus Tingia in the Lower Pennsylvanian of Utah, and by the presence of the predominantly Triassic cycadeoid genus Pterophyllum in the Lower Permian of Texas.     

H-13木霉对水稻硝酸还原酶及氮、磷、钾的影响

采用离子束对哈茨木霉进行注入并筛选出H-13菌株,该菌株发酵液含有对水稻生长有显促进作用的物质;经对喷施该菌株发酵液后的水稻硝酸还原酶(NR)活力及其N、P和K含量的测定,发现该菌株发酵液促进水稻生长与提高NR活力、增强对N、P和K的吸收有关。