西瓜花粉壁超微结构与花粉ATP酶细胞化学定位

研究了西瓜花粉壁超微结构以及单核花粉液泡化时期ATP酶活性超微细胞化学定位。花粉壁的外壁分为外层和内层,外层包括覆盖层、基粒棒和基足层等三层,内层只包含一层。外层电子密度相对较小,内层电子密度相对较大;外层与内层之间有缝隙。ATP酶活性反应产物主要分布在细胞质基质、质体、内质网和花粉内壁中。     

西瓜花粉壁超微结构与花粉ATP酶细胞化学定位

研究了西瓜花粉壁超微结构以及单核花粉液泡化时期ATP酶活性超微细胞化学定位。花粉壁的外壁分为外层和内层 ,外层包括覆盖层、基粒棒和基足层等三层 ,内层只包含一层。外层电子密度相对较小 ,内层电子密度相对较大 ;外层与内层之间有缝隙。ATP酶活性反应产物主要分布在细胞质基质、质体、内质网和花粉内壁中     

花粉粒外壁成层现象、外壁外层的结构和被子植物的进化

显花植物的花粉粒外壁被认为由外壁外层所覆盖着的外壁内层组成。这是在形态学和个体发育上所规定的解释。外层内层沉积在可能由质膜起源的切向膜上。外壁外层沉积在没有居间膜(可是,这膜有时存在,但不是切向膜)的原外壁中,在成熟状态中,外壁内层可能或不可能保存具片层的,可能或不可能被一薄的清晰区与外壁外层分隔开,可能或不可能在染色性能和溶解度上与外壁外层有所区别。在这一方面,例如番荔枝科(Annonaceae)和肉豆蔻教(Myristicaceae)花粉粒具片层的内部层次被认为是外壁内层的,跟裸子植物和其他被子植物的外壁内层同源。一如蕨类植物孢子外壁[译者注:原文为花粉外壁(exine),应为孢子外壁(exospore)]的内部基本上具片层的区同源,只有在个体发育上能够证明没有切向膜支持着内部的外壁区时才可以认为花粉是缺乏外壁内层。     

‘长林4号’油茶树冠不同部位的果实性状差异

以5年生‘长林4号’油茶为试材,对树体冠层不同部位的油茶果实性状进行研究。结果表明,与树冠内层果实相比,树冠外层中上部的果实较大(29.5 g),籽粒数较多(4.8粒/果),鲜出籽率和果形指数相对较小(分别为46.8%和0.81);树冠外层果实的种仁含油率(41.2%)显著高于内层果实(α=0.05),而树冠外层不同部位的种仁含油率无显著差异;此外,树冠不同部位的果实茶油的脂肪酸组成无明显差异,果实着生部位对茶油品质的影响不大。     

温度对兰州百合鳞片埋培繁殖的影响

为了筛选出兰州百合鳞片埋培繁殖的最适温度和鳞片层次,解决兰州百合种源不足、繁育周期长的问题,该文以兰州百合鳞片为材料,采用温度(20、25、30℃)和鳞片层次(外层、中层、内层)二因素完全随机区组设计,研究了二因素对兰州百合鳞片埋培繁殖效果的影响。通过对鳞片疑似发病率、分化率及小鳞茎分化数进行统计与分析,结果发现不同温度处理及各鳞片层次对鳞片疑似发病率、分化率及小鳞茎分化数的影响存在显著或极显著差异。结果表明:(1)温度越高,鳞片的疑似发病率越低,在埋培2周时,20℃处理下疑似发病率最高(38.67%),30℃处理下最低(10%);各层次鳞片的疑似发病率由高到低依次为外层中层内层。(2)在25、30℃处理下,小鳞茎分化率最高,埋培结束(6周)时分别为91.33%、90.89%;中层及内层鳞片小鳞茎分化率极显著高于外层鳞片。(3) 30℃处理下鳞片形成小鳞茎数最多,在埋培6周时达到每片2.00粒;同时中层及内层鳞片小鳞茎分化数显著高于外层鳞片。综上结果表明,兰州百合鳞片埋培繁殖以选用中层(3~4层)、内层(5~7层)鳞片在25~30℃条件下繁殖效果最好。     

华中铁角蕨孢子纹饰形成的超微结构观察

利用透射电子显微镜对铁角蕨科(Aspleniaceae)华中铁角蕨(Asplenium sarelii Hook.)孢子及其纹饰的形成过程进行观察。结果表明:①华中铁角蕨孢子囊发育为薄囊蕨型;②孢子外壁表面光滑,远极面的外壁厚约0.8~1.1μm,近极面的外壁厚约1.4~1.8μm;③孢子周壁厚度约4~5μm,染色较外壁深,分为内层和外层;内层紧帖外壁表面,其上具柱状、瘤状或疣状突起;外层向外隆起形成脊状纹饰的轮廓,脊的下方具空腔,脊的顶端具翅;④铁角蕨型与鳞毛蕨型孢子外壁和周壁纹饰的形成过程具有相似性;⑤孢子的成熟度对于孢子形态的研究是至关重要的,只有完全成熟的孢子的表面纹饰才是稳定的。     

榛属（桦木科）花序及花的形态发生

在扫描电镜下观察了桦木科榛属榛、毛榛和滇榛的花序和花的形态发生过程。榛属雌花序由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成;每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织,由小花序原基分生组织分化形成2个花原基;每个花原基分化出2个心皮原基,形成二心皮雌蕊;雌蕊基部有2层花被原基,内层花被原基环状,外层花被发生于花原基近轴面和远轴面,近轴面和远轴面的花被不均等分化,外层花被发生早于内层花被。雄花序为柔荑状,由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成。每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织,由小花序原基分生组织分化出2枚次级苞片和4。6个雄蕊原基,形成4—6枚雄蕊,每个雄蕊具4个药囊,在雄蕊原基分化形成4药囊雄蕊过程中．出现雄蕊原基纵裂。并且花丝纵裂至基部。为进一步全面探讨桦木科属间系统演化关系提供了证据。     

榛属 (桦木科) 花序及花的形态发生

在扫描电镜下观察了桦木科榛属榛、毛榛和滇榛的花序和花的形态发生过程。榛属雌花序由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成;每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织,由小花序原基分生组织分化形成2个花原基;每个花原基分化出2个心皮原基,形成二心皮雌蕊;雌蕊基部有2层花被原基,内层花被原基环状,外层花被发生于花原基近轴面和远轴面,近轴面和远轴面的花被不均等分化,外层花被发生早于内层花被。雄花序为柔荑状,由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成。每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织,由小花序原基分生组织分化出2枚次级苞片和4~6个雄蕊原基,形成4~6枚雄蕊,每个雄蕊具4个药囊,在雄蕊原基分化形成4药囊雄蕊过程中,出现雄蕊原基纵裂,并且花丝纵裂至基部。为进一步全面探讨桦木科属间系统演化关系提供了证据。     

水杉花粉外壁超微结构的观察

本文报道水杉（Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng)花粉外壁透射电镜资料,与杉科各属花粉特征做了比较,根据透射电镜观察表明,水杉花粉外壁由外壁外层和外壁内层组成,外壁外层由昆密联结的颗粒层和分布稀少的乌氏体组成,后者表面具小刺及不明显的纵向小沟,外壁内层具有十分清楚的片层状结构,由10－15片组成,全部片层均具三层壁结构,最外面（靠近外层）的几片,三层型结构特别清楚,明晰。有的三层型结构层中间的白线松散,形成三根极细的白线。     

水杉花粉外壁超微结构的观察

本文报道水杉（Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng)花粉外壁透射电镜资料,与杉科各属花粉特征做了比较,根据透射电镜观察表明,水杉花粉外壁由外壁外层和外壁内层组成,外壁外层由昆密联结的颗粒层和分布稀少的乌氏体组成,后者表面具小刺及不明显的纵向小沟,外壁内层具有十分清楚的片层状结构,由10－15片组成,全部片层均具三层壁结构,最外面（靠近外层）的几片,三层型结构特别清楚,明晰。有的三层型结构层中间的白线松散,形成三根极细的白线。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.