中药法落海挥发油化学成分研究

目的：分析和鉴定法落海中挥发油的化学成分。方法：用蒸馏法提取法落海中的挥发油，借助GC-MS法将挥发油中各化学成分进行分离和鉴定，用峰面积归一化法测定其相对含量。结果：法落海挥发油离子流图共有99个峰，鉴定出了77种化合物，占挥发油总量96.1%，其中主要成分为：α-蒎烯（27.33%）、α-水芹烯（9.87%），十二烷醇（8.41%）、罗勒烯（7.24%）、4,4,6,6-四甲基-二环[3.1.0]己-2-烯（5.55%）、肉豆蔻脑酸（3.58%）、蛇麻烯（2.76%）等。结论：本实验采用GC-MS联用技术分析了法落海中所含挥发油成分，使用峰面积归一化法计算挥发油中的相对含量，该方法操作简单，灵敏度高，检测效果好。简要讨论主要成分中化学成分的药理作用，为开发利用法落海提供理论依据。     

野花椒果皮挥发性成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取野花椒果皮挥发油,出油率为0．603％。运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析,从野花椒果皮挥发油中分离出150个色谱峰,鉴定了107个化合物,占总量的92．96％,主要有1,8-桉油素（17．91％）、柠檬烯（12．66％）β-榄香烯（9．81％）、α-萜品醇（7．61％）β-芹子烯（4．81％）、β-芹子烯（3．79％）、α-石竹烯（3．71％）等。     

野生荆条籽中挥发油成分的研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法从荆条中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油成分进行分离和结构鉴定。从荆条籽的挥发油中鉴定出了51个组分,用气相色谱面积归一法确定了各个组分的相对百分含量,其挥发油的主要组成是β-榄香烯(27.98%),芳樟醇(12.39%),贝壳杉烯(12.00%),δ-榄香烯(10.54%),乙酯异冰片脂(8.98%)等。     

小叶臭黄皮叶挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取小叶臭黄皮叶挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对挥发油成分进行了分析,共分离出84个峰,鉴定了其中的66种成分,所鉴定成分占挥发油总量的94.52%.其主要化学成分为α-芹子烯(15.76%)、石竹烯(15.05%)、β-芹子烯(9.54%)、α-蒎烯(6.43%)和α-石竹烯(5.39%)等.     

桂产罗勒挥发油化学成分的分析

采用GC-MS法建立桂产罗勒挥发油的化学成分分析方法。采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取罗勒挥发油,用GC-MS联用技术分离并鉴定其成分,并用面积归一化法测定成分的相对含量。共鉴定出54个化合物,占挥发油总量的90.21%。桂产罗勒挥发油的主要成分是对烯丙基茴香醚、(+)表-双环倍半水芹烯、3,7,11-三甲基-(Z,E)-1,3,6,10-十二碳四烯,与文献报道的其他产地的罗勒油的化学成分存在显著差异。     

桑寄生挥发性成分研究

目的：研究桑寄生（Herba Taxilli）中的挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取桑寄生挥发油,用GC/MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：分离出132个组分,鉴定出66个化学成分。检出率为78.91%。桑寄生挥发性成分大于2%的为苯甲醛13.97%,苯乙烯11.42%,芳姜黄烯7.89%,桉树脑3.89%,α-姜烯3.59%,γ-姜黄烯2.78%,壬醛2.07%。     

下田菊挥发油化学成分的研究

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法、两相溶剂萃取法提取下田菊(Adenostemma lavenia(L.)O.Ktze.)地上部分的挥发油,提取10h的挥发油得率为0.990%。采用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术结合计算机检索对该挥发油的化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,采用色谱峰面积归一化法计算了各成分的相对含量。从挥发油中共分离出36个峰,鉴定了其中的35种成分,占总量的99.56%,其中α-荜澄茄油烯(32.62%)、石竹烯(24.97%)和γ-榄香烯(5.53%)为主要成分,此外α-石竹烯(3.97%)、α-恰米烯(3.57%)、双环[4,3,0]-7-亚甲基-2,4,4-三甲基-2-乙烯基-壬烷(3.41%)、γ-萜品烯(3.07%)、d-柠檬烯(2.57%)、α-蒎烯(2.49%)及2-蒈烯(2.28%)的含量也较高。     

蒲桃种肉普通粉与超微粉的挥发性成分对比

目的：研究蒲桃种肉中的挥发性成分。方法：利用有机溶剂-水蒸汽蒸馏提取蒲桃种肉普通粉和超微粉挥发油,采用GC-MS进行测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：从蒲桃种肉普通粉和超微粉中分别分离鉴定出21种和15种化学成分,分别占挥发油总量的81.994%和85.449%。蒲桃种肉的2种粉末挥发油成分中,共含有13种相同成分,其中含量最高的为β-石竹烯（18.623%普通粉、20.304%超微粉）。     

利用GC-MS技术分析油橄榄叶挥发油化学成分

本文采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取油橄榄叶挥发油化学成分,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用方法分析并用峰面积归一化法得出各化学成分在挥发油中的百分含量。结果从油橄榄叶挥发油中分离出62各色谱峰,鉴定出56个化合物,占挥发性组分总量的95.6%。其中主要成分为α-芹子烯(13.13%)、β-芹子烯(10.15%)、β-石竹烯(14.29%)、橙花叔醇(6.72%)、α-石竹烯(6.60%)、3-己烯-1-醇(5.03%)、苯乙醛(5.61%)等。     

长瓣马铃苣苔挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了长瓣马铃苣苔的挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对该挥发油的化学成分进行了分离鉴定,共鉴定出32种化合物,占挥发油总量的80.81%,其主要成分为棕榈酸(35.49%)、11,14-二十碳二烯酸乙酯(23.06%)和1-烯-3-辛醇(5.58%)。     

青蒿提取物抗单纯疱疹病毒活性研究

用细胞病变效应(CPE)法证明了青蒿水提物具有抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV—2)活性,通过初步分离纯化得到抗HSV—2活性的有效成分。用MTT法研究了青蒿水提物和有效成分的细胞毒性和抗HSV—2活性,CC50分别为5．29mg／ml和4,94mg／ml,IC50分别为1．45mg／ml和0．128mg／ml,TI分别为3．65和38．6。以0．5mg／ml的无环鸟苷(ACV)作为阳性对照,结果显示有效成分在体外可以明显抑制HSV—2的致细胞病变作用,效果与ACV相当。     

连续逆流提取机及其在绞股蓝皂苷提取工艺中的应用

简述了中草药连续逆流提取机的基本结构和工作原理.以水为溶媒、绞股蓝为原料,进行绞股蓝有效成分的提取试验.以绞股蓝水溶出物和总皂苷为目标物,考察提取温度、液料比和提取时间等因素对提取得率的影响,并通过L9(33)正交实验设计,对提取工艺进行优选.采用中草药连续逆流提取机提取绞股蓝有效成分的最佳工艺条件:提取溶剂温度80 ℃,料液比1:35(g/mL),提取时间50 min;所得提取物得率为33.95%,总皂苷得率为8.9%.     

Multivariate chromatographic fingerprint preparation and authentication of plant material from the genus Bauhinia

Multivariate analysis and statistical mixture designs were used for chromatographic fingerprint preparation and authentication of the plant material of three species of the genus Bauhinia. The extracts were analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Mixture design gave an optimum solvent composition for extracting components from the plants of 36% dichloromethane, 17% ethanol and 47% ethyl acetate (by volume), while an optimum mobile phase for chromatographic analyses was found to be 27% methanol, 27% acetonitrile and 46% of water (by volume). Results from principal component analysis, hierarchical analysis and soft independent modelling by class analogy showed that Bauhinia candicans cannot be synonymous with B. forficata Link. It was also possible to trace the metabolic profile without identifying its chemical constituents and to determine a chromatographic discriminating region. The characteristics responsible for discrimination between B. candicans and B. forficata were more polar substances that presented peaks with retention times around 1.65 and 1.81 min.     

Proteins and Saponins in the Lipid Preparation Obtained by Extraction of Soybean Flour

A complex lipid preparation was obtained by extracting soybean flour with organic solvents. This preparation was shown to include not only phospholipids (major components), but also 30% saponins. These compounds were identified by TLC, HPLC, and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. Minor components of the lipid extract were represented by polypeptides bound to phospholipids by electrostatic or hydrophobic forces.     

葡萄果实香气成分的厌氧萃取研究

采用厌氧液-液萃取对葡萄果实中的香气成分进行了萃取,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其进行成分分析,并与葡萄果实常规萃取方法得到的香气成分进行比较。结果显示,采用厌氧萃取方法得到的萃取物含有的香气成分较多,一次性萃取可分析得到39种香气成分,且以内标物2-辛醇表示的香气成分含量明显高于常规萃取方法;香气成分归属的化学类别更多,比分液漏斗萃取方法多出2类香气成分。结果表明,厌氧萃取所得果实香气成分更真实,更典型,为葡萄果实香气成分的分析提供了一种有效的提取方法。     

稻曲病菌厚垣孢子壁多糖的提取方法优选

探究稻曲病菌Ustiloginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi厚垣孢子壁多糖的最佳提取方法,为孢壁多糖含量和组成的研究提供基础.采用5种方法提取该病菌黑色厚垣孢子壁多糖,用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量.经研究比较,最佳提取方法为复合酶-热水浸提-sevag法,最佳提取条件是复合酶量4％,pH 4,浸提温度70℃,浸提时间120 min,物料比1:75(V/V);在优选的方法和条件下,测定稻曲病菌黑色厚垣孢子壁粗多糖相对得率21.2％,多糖含量72 3％;黄色厚垣孢子壁粗多糖相对得率17.5％,多糖含量66.7％,前者明显高于后者.研究表明复合酶-热水浸提-sevag法的工艺简单、可行,适宜稻曲病菌厚垣孢子壁多糖的测定.     

Acaricidal activities of extracts of Kochia scoparia against Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and Tetranychus viennensis (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Extracts of an annual herbaceous plant, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad (Macrophomina), were bioassayed to determine their acaricidal activities against Tetranychus urticae Koch, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), and Tetranychus viennensis Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae) in the laboratory. Extracts had both contact and systemic toxicity to these mites. Three solvents were tested for preparing crude extracts: petroleum ether, chloroform, and methanol. Methanol was the most effective solvent, extracting 3.11-4.53% of the acaricide. Petroleum ether was the least effective solvent, extracting 1.25-1.54%. However, extracts with chloroform resulted in the highest mite mortality (78.86%), and ultrasound-assisted extraction required the least time (10 min). Concentrated extracts were prepared using chloroform, methyl acetate, or distilled water as a solvent. Mite mortalities from the concentrated extracts by methyl acetate or distilled water were significantly lower than those by chloroform. The mean lethal concentrations (LC50) of the extracts by chloroform, methyl acetate, and distilled water to the mites were 0.71 +/- 0.06, 2.08 +/- 0.16 and 8.75 +/- 0.062 mg/ml, respectively. After liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography, the concentrated extracts by chloroform were separated into seven groups of isolated fractions and tested for acaricidal activity.     

正交试验法优化桑叶多糖提取工艺

以脱除黄酮的桑叶为原料,采用热水浸提法提取桑叶多糖,研究了提取温度、提取时间、料液比、水溶液pH和提取次数对桑叶多糖得率的影响,通过正交实验优化了提取工艺条件。结果表明,在提取次数为2次条件下,桑叶多糖最佳提取工艺条件为提取温度100℃、提取时间4 h、提取液pH7、料液比(原料:提取液,g/mL)1:30,多糖得率为2.74%。该工艺稳定,桑叶多糖得率高,易于工业化生产。     

超声波协同复合酶法提取姬松茸多糖

研究了超声波协同复合酶法提取姬松茸多糖的最佳工艺条件。采用均匀设计法分别考察不同时间、pH值、温度、酶浓度、固液比对纤维素酶、果胶酶以及木瓜蛋白酶酶解反应的影响,并研究三种酶联合使用时的加酶方式以及超声波协同提取时的最佳条件。结果表明,超声波协同复合酶法可显著提高姬松茸多糖的提取率,其最佳提取条件为：超声波作用20min,分步加酶法（先加果胶酶：pH值3．8、温度50℃、时间90min、加酶量7000U／g、固液比1：45;然后加纤维素酶：pH值3．6、温度75℃、时间120min、加酶量150U／g、固液比1：45;最后加木瓜蛋白酶：pH值3．6、温度75℃、时间120min、加酶量20000U／g、固液比1：45）,多糖提取率达到14．51％。     

Isolation and characterization of two individual glycoprotein components from human milk-fat-globule membranes.

Two individual glycoprotein components from human milk-fat-globule membranes (MFGM) has been purified by selectively extracting the membrane glycoproteins followed by lectin affinity chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 in the presence of protein-disaggregating agents. The purified glycoprotein components, termed 'epithelial-membrane glycoprotein' (EMGP-155 and EMGP-39) have estimated molecular weights of 155 000 and 39 000 respectively, and yield a single band under reducing conditions on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel. EMGP-155 and EMGP-39 contain 21.0% and 7.0% carbohydrate by weight, with fucose (13.5%, 12.4%), mannose (3.7%, 6.2%), galactose (28.5%, 22.6%), N-acetylglucosamine (17.8%, 7.4%) and sialic acid (36.4%, 51.4%) of the carbohydrate moiety respectively. For both the glycoprotein components, aspartic and glutamic acid and serine are the major amino acid residues.