高低转移肺腺癌细胞系Anip973和AGZY83-a中P21过表达的研究

为探讨肿瘤抑制基因对肺腺癌细胞生长的抑制作用,利用FuGene转染方法将 P21基因的表达质粒转入一对分别具高、低转移能力的肺腺癌细胞系An ip973和AGZY83-a中。对p21蛋白过表达的细胞系进行了细胞生长曲线,克隆形成率,原位末端标记分析和流式细胞仪分析。p21蛋白过表达的一对细胞系细胞生长曲线斜率降低,克隆形成能力下降并出现明显的G1期阻滞,但未检测到凋亡信号。结果表明p21基因的过表达通过G1期阻滞抑制这一对肺腺癌细胞的生长,P21基因可以作为肺腺癌基因治疗的候选基因。 Abstract:In order to investigate the suppression effect of tumor suppressor genes in lung adenocarcinoma,we transfected P21 expression vector into a pair of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with different metastasis potential:Anip973(high metastasis potential)and AGZY83-a(low metastasis potential).The suppression effects of p21 were evaluated by cell growth curve,cloning efficiency assay,flow cytometric analysis and Tunel technique.We found that increased expression of p21 in both cell lines was associated with significant lengthening of G1 phase,decreased proliferation potential and decreased cloning efficiency.No apoptosis was found in the cell lines with overexpressed P21 gene.The results showed that increased expression of P21 gene suppressed the lung adenocarcinoma cells by G1 arrest and P21 gene proved a candidate gene in lung adenocarcinoma gene therapy.     

一个与非小细胞肺癌转移相关的基因――RAB5A基因

采用mRNA差异展示技术（mRNA DD）研究具有相同细胞来源,但转移能力高低不同的人肺腺癌细胞系AGZY83-a（低转移）和Anip973(高转移),分析在两个细胞系中基因差异表达的情况,发现在高转移细胞系中有RAB5A基因的表达。该基因为蛋白质入胞信号的调控者,为RAS超家族成员。为进一步证实其转录表达的调控改变情况,以及RAB5A高表达的临床意义,进一步采用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学的方法检测了50例临床非小细胞肺癌的手术标本,结果表明,RAB5A的表达有随转移发生而增强的趋势,而RAB5A的蛋白表达程度在有转移的病例中明显增强(P<0.05)。 Abstract：　Using mRNA differential display (mRNA DD)techniques, we analyzed the differences of gene expression between two human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines,AGZY83-a and Anip973. Anip973 was isolated from AGZY83-a, but manifested much higher metastatic potential than the parent line. The results showed that there were significant differences on gene expression between the two cell lines and that there was over-expression of RAB5Agene in the Anip973 cell line. The product of RAB5Agene was recognized as signal regulators of endocytotic pathway and protein trafficking at the cell surface, and belong to a member of the RAS superfamily. Furthemore, we compared to the expression of RAB5Agene and RAB5Aprotein in clinical samples of 50 cases non-small lung carcinoma and nearby lymph node by means of RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method. The results indicated that the high expression of RAB5Ain metastatic tumor and the enhancement level of RAB5Ain metastatic tumor and the enhancement level of expression were corresponded with the increase of metastatic degree. And there were significance of difference on the expression degree of RAB5Aprotein between non-small lung carcinoma with metastasis and non- metastasis (P<0.05).     

野生型P53、P16基因协同对肺腺癌细胞系生长抑制作用的研究

为了探讨野生型P53基因及P16基因在恶性肿瘤基因治疗中的作用,用腺病毒为载体将野生型P53基因转入高、低转移的肺腺癌细胞系Anip973、AGZY83-a和经野生型P16基因质粒转染的高、低转移肺腺癌细胞系Anip973（Anip973P16）、AGZY83-a（AGZY83-aP16）。对各组转染细胞进行生长曲线、MTT生长抑制率、原位末端标记、Western-blotting等技术检测分析。结果发现（1）野生型P53蛋白的过表达对上述肺腺癌细胞系均呈现出较强的生长抑制作用。（2）野生型P53蛋白的过表达对高转移肺癌细胞系Anip973的抑制作用明显高于低转移细胞系AGZY83-a。（3）野生型p53蛋白的过表达对经野生型P16基因转染的高、低转移的肺癌细胞Anip973、AGZY83-a抑制作用明显高于未经P16基因转染的细胞。野生型P53基因可以作为肺腺癌基因治疗的候选基因。肿瘤抑制基因P53、P16的联合转染可能是对肺腺癌进行基因治疗的有效手段。 Abstract：To investigate the suppression effect of tumor suppressor genes in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines,we transferred a pair of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with different metastasis potential,Anip973(High-metastasis potential cell line) and AGZY83-a (Low-metastasis potential cell line)and this pair of cell lines transfected with P16 gene:AGZY83-a P16 and Anip973 P16 with wild type P53 gene with adenovirus vector.The suppression effects of P53 gene were evaluated by cell growth curve,MTT,western-blotting analysis and TUNEL technique.Overexpression of wild-type P53 gene in AGZY83-a,Anip973,Anip973 P16 and AGZY83-a P16 inhibited the growth of these four kinds of lung cancer cells and induced apoptosis of the cells.The suppression effect of P53 gene in Anip973 and Anip973 P16 was higher than AGZY83-a and AGZY83-a P16 while co-expression of P53 and　P16 in this pair of cell lines inhibited the cells more efficiently comparing with the expression of P53 alone.Wild-type P53 gene might act as a candidate gene in lung adenocarcinoma gene therapy while co-transfection of P53 and P16 genes was a more effective method.     

Choline Transporters in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma： Expression and Functional Implications

Choline is an essential nutrient for cell survival and proliferation, however, the expression and function of choline transporters have not been well identified in cancer. In this study, we detected the mRNA and protein expression of organic cation transporter OCT3, carnitine/cation transporters OCTN 1 and OCTN2, and choline transporter-like protein CTL1 in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549, H 1299 and SPC-A-1. Their expression pattern was further confirmed in 25 human primary adenocarcinoma tissues. The choline uptake in these cell lines was significantly blocked by CTL1 inhibitor, but only partially inhibited by OCT or OCTN inhibitors. The efficacy of these inhibitors on cell proliferation is closely correlated with their abilities to block choline transport. Under the native expression of these transporters, the total choline uptake was notably blocked by specific PI3K/AKT inhibitors. These results describe the expression of choline transporters and their relevant function in cell proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma, thus providing a potential ＂choline-starvation＂ strategy of cancer interference through targeting choline transporters, especially CTL1.     

Construction of a recombinant human GM-CSF/MCAF fusion protein and study on its in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects

A novel cytokine fusion protein was constructed by fusing granulocyte macrophage colony stimulat-ing factor (GM-CSF) with monocyte chemotactic activating factor (MCAF), which acts as a factor directing effector cells (monocytes) to a target site. The recombinant human GM-CSF/MCAF fusion protein could sustain the growth of GM-CSF-dependent cell line TF1 and was chemotactic for monocytes. The in vitro antitumor effect showed that rhGM-CSF/MCAF could activate monocytes to inhibit the growth of several human tumor cell lines, including a promyelocyte leukemia cell line HL-60, a lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, a hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 and a melanoma cell line Bowes. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of monocytes activated by rhGM-CSF/MCAF against HL-60 and A549 was greater than that activated by GM-CSF or MCAF alone, even greater than that activated by a combina-tion of GM-CSF and MCAF, suggesting that the fusion protein has synergistic or enhanced effects. The in vivo anti-tumor effect indicated that     

ERK1/2 mediates lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and autophagy induced by apelin-13

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of apelin in the cell proliferation and autophagy of lung adenocarcin- oma. The over-expression of APJ in lung adenocarcinoma was detected by immunohistochemistry, while plasma apelin level in lung cancer patients was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our findings revealed that apelin-13 significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, the expression of cyclin D1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3A/B （LC3A/B）, and beclinl, and con- fwmed that apelin-13 promoted A549 cell proliferation and induced A549 cell autophagy via ERK1/2 signaling. More- over, there are pores on the surface of human lung adeno- carcinoma cell line A549 and apelin-13 causes cell surface smooth and glossy as observed under atomic force micros- copy. These results suggested that ERK1/2 signaling pathway mediates apelin-13-induced lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and autophagy. Under our experimental condition, autophagy associated with 3-methyladenine was not involved in cell proliferation.     

利用荧光共振能量转移技术监测高通量低能量激光诱导细胞凋亡过程中caspase-3活性的动态变化

荧光共振能量转移可用于对生物大分子之间的距离进行定性、定量检测。应用荧光共振能量转移技术对高通量低能量激光诱导肺腺癌细胞凋亡过程中caspase-3的激活过程进行实时动态监测。实验结果表明:高通量低能量激光可以诱导肺腺癌细胞(human lung adenocarcinoma cell,ASTC-a-1)凋亡。同时荧光共振能量转移技术是一个有效的监测caspase-3在凋亡过程中活性动态变化的方法。     

RAI , one candidate gene associated with differentiation of human lung adenocarcinoma cells

From all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-treated human lung adenocarcinoma GLC-82 cells and control, subtractive cDNA library has been constructed using subtractive hybridization technique in our laboratory. The screening of the cDNA subtractive library resulted in identification of a clone containing cDNA fragment of one ATRA-induced gene (RAI) in GLC-82 cells. The positive clone with full-length cDNA of RAI was identified by screening fetal brain cDNA library using colony hybridization technique, and then sequenced. RT-PCR results showed that RAI was expressed in many different human fetal tissues. These results suggest that RAI may be involved in cell differentiation and play an important role in vital activities of cells.     

13q14断裂重排与非小细胞肺癌转移潜能关系的研究

肿瘤转移的细胞经常存在染色体数目异常和结构畸变,在多种有转移潜能的肿瘤细胞中都涉及到13q14的异常。以往研究表明在同一组织来源但转移潜能不同的肺腺癌细胞系AGZY83-a和Anip973中存在13q14的断裂重排。采用mRNA差异展示技术（mRNA DD）分析这一对细胞系得到的差异表达基因BRI基因位于13q14。为了进一步分析肺癌细胞的转移潜能与13q14断裂重排间的关系,采用13q涂染探针对具有不同转移潜能的非小细胞肺癌细胞系PAa、SPC-1-A和95D中期分裂相进行G显带后的荧光原位杂交分析。结果发现在3个肺癌细胞系中有多种13号染色体长臂的结构异常,其中此3个细胞系均涉及13q32-33的频发断裂。但是低转移肺癌细胞系PAa、SPC-1-A均未涉及13q14的断裂,而高转移肺癌细胞系95D的两种细胞克隆均可见13q14的断裂。提示13q14断裂点与肺癌细胞的转移能力有一定的相关性,两者之间的遗传学意义需要进一步研究探索。     

Differential adhesion of metastatic rat mammary carcinoma cells to organ-derived microvessel endothelial cells and subendothelial matrix

The in vitro adhesion rates of rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cell clones of different spontaneous metastatic potentials to cloned microvessel endothelial cell monolayers and their subendothelial extracellular matrix were investigated. In this system, high rates of adhesion of the cloned tumor cell lines to syngeneic target (lung) organ-derived subendothelial matrix correlated with spontaneous metastatic potential, whereas adhesion to the lung microvessel endothelial cell apical surfaces occurred at lower rates and was not highly significantly different among the tumor cell lines. Adhesion rates to bovine aortic large vessel, and human brain and human meningeal microvessel endothelial cell monolayers were, in general, lower than those found with syngeneic lung microvessel endothelial cells, and did not correlate with spontaneous metastatic potential. Growth of endothelial cells in fetal bovine serum or platelet-poor horse serum did not affect the results, suggesting that in this system metastasis-associated organ-adhesive specificity is determined at the level of the subendothelial matrix.     

RhoC、Rho-GDIα在肺癌细胞系中过

目的分析RhoC及其调节蛋白GDP解离抑制因子α（Guanine dissociation inhibitor,GDIα）在肺癌细胞中的表达及其与肺癌细胞转移能力间的关系。方法应用Western blot、RT-PCR分别检测正常支气管上皮细胞、不同的肺癌细胞系中的RhoC、Rho-GDIα蛋白及mRNA的表达。结果RhoC、Rho-GDIα在人支气管上皮细胞、肺腺癌细胞系、肺巨细胞癌细胞系均有表达,免疫荧光显示均表达于细胞浆。RhoC、Rho-GDIα在肺癌中的表达高于人支气管上皮细胞。在高转移能力的肺巨细胞癌亚系BEI RhoC、Rho-GDIα的表达均高于低转移能力的肺巨细胞癌亚系LH7。结论RhoC、RhoGDIα在肺癌细胞系中过表达并与转移能力相关。     

Simulated microgravity alters the metastatic potential of a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line

Simulated microgravity (SM) has been implicated in affecting diverse cellular pathways. Although there is emerging evidence that SM can alter cellular functions, its effect in cancer metastasis has not been addressed. Here, we demonstrate that SM inhibits migration, gelatinolytic activity, and cell proliferation of an A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line in vitro. Expression of antigen MKI67 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) was reduced in A549 cells stimulated by clinorotation when compared with the 1×g control condition, while overexpression of each gene improves ability of proliferation and migration, respectively, under SM conditions. These findings suggest that SM reduced the metastatic potential of human lung adenocarcinoma cells by altering the expression of MKI67 and MMP2, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which may provide some clues to study cancer metastasis in the future.     

High levels of ezrin expressed by human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines with high metastatic potential.

Ezrin is a membrane cytoskeleton crosslinker protein that is a member of the ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) family. Ezrin binds adhesion molecules such as CD43, CD44, ICAM-1, and ICAM-2, which are implicated in cell migration and metastasis. Ezrin is expressed by many tumor cell lines; however, little is known about the function of ezrin in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here, we investigated expression of ezrin in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines of different metastatic potential. Among 16 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, several cell lines showed strong expression of ezrin. Two cell lines with high metastatic potential, S2-CP9 and S2-VP10, showed very high levels of ezrin mRNA and protein, whereas other sublines showed lower levels. There was no relationship between the expression levels of ezrin and the differentiation grades of the cell lines. These results suggest that there is a relationship between high expression of ezrin and metastatic potential of pancreatic carcinomas.     

RhoC、Rho-GDIα在肺癌细胞系中过表达并与转移相关

目的 分析Rhoc及其调节蛋白GDP解离抑制因子α(Guanine dissociation inhibitor,GDIα)在肺癌细胞中的表达及其与肺癌细胞转移能力间的关系.方法 应用Western blot、RT-PCR分别检测正常支气管上皮细胞、不同的肺癌细胞系中的RhoC、Rho-GDIa蛋白及RNA的表达.结果 RhoC、Rho-GDIα在人支气管上皮细胞、肺腺癌细胞系、肺巨细胞癌细胞系均有表达,免疫荧光显示均表达于细胞浆.RhoC、Rho-GDIα在肺癌中的表达高于人支气管上皮细胞.在高转移能力的肺巨细胞癌亚系BEl RhoC、Rho-GDIα的表达均高于低转移能力的肺巨细胞癌亚系LH7.结论 RhoC、RhoGDIα在肺癌细胞系中过表达并与转移能力相关.     

Isolation of a novel actin-related gene expressed in low-metastatic PC-14 human lung adenocarcinoma

In this article, we report the identification of differentially expressed genes associated with the metastatic potential of PC-14 human lung adenocarcinoma. The mRNA differential display method was applied to compare mRNAs from six cloned PC-14 cell lines representing different metastatic potentials. A novel gene was identified as being expressed in low-metastatic cells but not in high-metastatic cells. Sequence analysis revealed that this novel gene has an open reading frame of 210 amino acid residues showing 89% amino acid identity with human Arp3, which is one of the actin-related proteins. This gene was designated the Arp11 gene (the 11th Actin-related gene). The Arp11 gene was mapped to human chromosome 7q32-36. Southern blot and PCR analyses show that all of the high-metastatic variant cells have not rearrangements and deletions of Arp11 allele. Expression of the Arp11 gene may regulate the metastatic potential of PC-14 human lung adenocarcinoma.     

Cooperative Anti-Invasive Effect of Cdc42/Rac1 Activation and ROCK Inhibition in SW620 Colorectal Cancer Cells with Elevated Blebbing Activity

Rho GTPases are key regulators of tumour cell invasion and therefore constitute attractive targets for the design of anticancer agents. Several strategies have been developed to modulate their increased activities during cancer progression. Interestingly, none of these approaches took into account the existence of the well-known antagonistic relationship between RhoA and Rac1. In this study, we first compared the invasiveness of a collection of colorectal cancer cell lines with their RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 activities. A marked decrease of active Cdc42 and Rac1 correlated with the high invasive potential of the cell lines established from metastatic sites of colorectal adenocarcinoma (LoVo, SKCo1, SW620 and CoLo205). Conversely, no correlation between RhoA activity and invasiveness was detected, whereas the activity of its kinase effector ROCK was higher in cancer cell lines with a more invasive phenotype. In addition, invasiveness in these colon cancer cell lines was correlated with a typical round and blebbing morphology. We then tested whether treatment with PDGF to restore Cdc42 and Rac1 activities and/or with Y27632, a chemical inhibitor of ROCK, could decrease the invasiveness of SW620 cells. The association of both treatments substantially decreased the invasive potential of SW620 cells and this effect was accompanied by loss of membrane blebbing, restoration of a more elongated cell morphology and re-establishment of E-cadherin-dependent adherens junctions. This study paves the road to the development of therapeutic strategies in which different Rho GTPase modulators are combined to modulate the cross-talk between Rho GTPases and their specific input in metastatic progression.