系统感染TMV的番茄叶胞外β-1,3-葡聚糖酶

系统感染ＴＭＶ （ｔｏｂａｃｃｏ ｍ ｏｓａｉｃ ｖｉｒｕｓ）的番茄（Ｌｙｃｏｐｅｒｓｉｃｏｎ ｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔｕｍ Ｍｉｌｌ．）叶胞外蛋白提取液经冰冻干燥浓缩、－ ２０℃丙酮沉淀、ＣＭ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｃ－２５离子交换层析、ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ－２５离子交换层析和Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－７５凝胶层析纯化,获得ＰＡＧＥ均一的β－１,３－葡聚糖酶．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ证明,它包含分子量为３６ ｋＤ 和２７ ｋＤ的两个同工酶．以昆布多糖为底物,酶的最适ｐＨ 在４．８—５．２之间,在ｐＨ ４—８稳定;酶的最适温度在３０—４０℃之间,在４０℃保温１ｈ 后酶活性不变;Ｋｍ 值为９．２ ｍ ｇ／ｍ Ｌ．在系统感染ＴＭＶ 的番茄叶胞外蛋白提取液中,有分子量为２２ ｋＤ、２７ ｋＤ和３６ ｋＤ的３个β－１,３－葡聚糖酶同工酶     

从感染TMV的番茄叶纯化胞外β—N—乙酰氨基已糖苷酶

番茄系统感染ＴＭＶ（ｔｏｂａｃｃｏｍｏｓａｉｃｖｉｒｕｓ）诱导叶β－Ｎ－乙酰氨基已糖苷酶活性升高。番茄叶胞外提取液经冰冻干燥浓缩,－２０℃丙酮沉淀、ＣＭ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｃＣ－２５离子交的层析,ＰＢＥ９４（ＰｏｌｙｂｕｆｆｅｒＥｘｃｈａｎｇｅｒ９４,Ｓｉｇｍａ）聚焦层析和ＳＥＰＨＡＤＥＸｇ－１５０凝胶层析纯化,获得纯化的β－Ｎ－乙酰氨基乙糖苷酶。凝胶层析测得该酶的分子量为１４５ｋＤ,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ     

L—山梨糖脱氢酶的纯化及性质的研究

从５Ｌ罐发酵Ｌ－山梨糖的Ｇｌｕｃｏｎｉｂａｃｔｅｒ ｏｘｙｄａｎｓ ＳＣＢ３２９和Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ ＳＣＢ９３３混合菌株中差速离心收集ＳＣＢ３２９菌体,破碎,离心获得无细胞抽提液,硫酸铵分级沉淀蛋白后依次经ＤＥＡＥ Ｃｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅ ５２和Ｑ Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ＦＦ柱层析分得到了Ｌ－册梨糖脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）,它能将Ｌ－册梨糖脱氢氧化为Ｌ－册梨酮,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳测     

安徽庐江鸭乙型肝炎病毒LJ-76转染细胞系的建立

为建立鸭乙型肝炎病毒ＬＪ－７６的转染细胞系,将ＬＪ－７６病毒ＤＮＡ插入到ｐＵＣ１９的ＥｃｏＲⅠ位点上,分离得到含有双拷贝ＬＪ－７６ＤＮＡ的重组质粒．通过磷酸钙沉淀方法,将经ＣｓＣｌ等密度离心纯化的ＬＪ－７６ＤＮＡ双体导入到人肝癌细胞ＢＥＬ７４０２中．收集转染细胞的培养液进行蔗糖密度梯度离心,所得沉淀经检测发现含有ＬＪ－７６ＤＮＡ并具有特异性ＤＨＢＶ内源性ＤＮＡ多聚酶活性;对上述样品通过ＤｏｔＥＩＡ检测ＤＨＢＶ核心抗原及表面抗原结果为阳性．Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析表明转染细胞内存在病毒ＤＮＡ复制中间体ｃｃｃＤＮＡ、ｓｓＤＮＡ和ｒｃＤＮＡ,而ｃｃｃＤＮＡ被认为是复制活动较为活跃的标志．电镜观察转染细胞的上清发现有病毒颗粒的存在．     

L-山梨糖脱氢酶的纯化及性质的研究

从５Ｌ罐发酵Ｌ－山梨糖的Ｇｌｕｃｏｎｏｂａｃｔｅｒ　ＳＣＢ３２９和Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ　ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ　ＳＣＢ９３３混合菌株中差速离心收集ＳＣＢ３２９菌体,破碎,离心获得无细胞抽提液,硫酸铵分级沉淀蛋白后依次经ＤＥＡＥＣｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅ ５２和Ｑ Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ＦＦ柱层析分离得到了Ｌ－山梨糖脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）,它能将Ｌ－山梨糖脱氢氧化为Ｌ－山梨酮,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳测得分子量约为６０ＫＤ。动力学性研究表明它为一个典型的Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ氏酶,对Ｌ－山     

重组人尿激酶原的分离纯化及性质研究

本文报道从人尿激酶原（ｐｒｏ－ｕｒｏｋｉｎａｓｅ,ｐｒｏ－ＵＫ）基因重组工程菌Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＪＡ２２１表达产物的复性液中纯化尿激酶原的方法。复性产物经Ｚｎ＾２＋选择性沉淀,尿激酶抗体亲和柱层析,ｂｅｎｚａｍｉｄｉｎｅ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ＣＬ ４Ｂ亲和吸附,即得比活达１１００００ＩＵ／ｍｇ的纯化产品。样品经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ鉴定,在还原及非还原条件下,均表现为分子量为４３ｋｄ的单一条带。动力学研究测得     

安徽庐江鸭乙型肝炎病毒LJ—76转染细胞系的建立

为建立鸭乙型肝炎病毒ＬＪ－７６的转染细胞系,将ＬＪ－７６病毒ＤＮＡ插入到ｐＵＣ１９的ＥｃｏＲ１位点上,分离得到含双拷贝ＬＪ－７６ＤＮＡ的重组质粒。通过磷酸钙沉淀方法,将经ＣｓＣｌ等密度离心纯化的ＬＪ－７６ＤＮＡ双体导入到人肝癌细胞ＢＥＬ７４０２中。收集转染细胞的培养液进行蔗糖密度离心,所得沉淀经检测发现含有ＬＪ－７６ＤＮＡ并具有特异性ＤＨＢＶ内源性ＤＮＡ多聚酶活性．     

蛇毒蛋白Echistatin的C端突变基因的构建，表达及其活性研究

通过ＰＣＲ定点突变的技术,将蛇毒蛋白Ｅｃｈｉｓｔａｔｉｎ基因的Ｃ端进行了突变（Ａｌａ４８→Ａｒｇ４８→,Ｔｈｒ４９→Ｖａｌ４９）,模拟纤维蛋白Ｎ端的四肽（Ｇｌｙ－Ｐｒｏ－Ａｒｇ－Ｖａｌ）,以期增加Ｅｃｓ（Ｅｃｈｉｓｔａｔｉｎ）的活性。突变的基因重组到表达质粒ｐＪＣ２６４上,经ＩＰＴＧ诱导,以ＣｈｅＹ－Ｅｃｓ融合蛋白方式进行了表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的１５～２０％。ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－７５初步纯化该融合蛋白,然后用ＣＮＢｒ裂解,透析,冻干,反相ＨＰＬＣ纯化Ｃ端突变体Ｅｃｓ蛇毒蛋白,Ｎ端十个氨基酸分析与天然的相符,在ＰＲＰ（ｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔ－ｒｉｃｈｐｌａｓｍａ）测活体系中,１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＡＤＰ诱导,Ｃ端突变体Ｅｃｓ抑制血小板凝聚的活性约为野生型４倍。得到了Ｅｃｓ的Ｃ端突变后使Ｅｃｓ抑制血小板凝聚的活性提高的结果。     

诺卡氏菌形放线菌β-甘露聚糖酶的纯化和性质

产β－１,４－Ｄ甘露聚糖酶的诺卡氏菌形放线菌（Ｎｏｃａｒｄｉｏｆｏｒｍ ａｃｔｉｎｏｍｙｃｅｔｅｓ）菌株ＮＡ３－５４０,发酵培养７２ｈ,发酵液离心去菌体,上清经硫酸铵沉淀,９５％乙醇沉淀,ＣＭ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ５０柱层析、羟基磷灰石柱层析、ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素离子交换及Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１００分子凝胶过滤柱等步骤,β－甘露聚糖酶的比活提高了１３７倍,获得凝胶电泳均一的蛋白样品。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧ     

HDL受体和肝性脂酶在肝选择性摄取HDL_2－CE中的协同作用

体外重组３Ｈ－ＣＥ－无ＡｐｏＥ－ＨＤＬ２（ｒＨＤＬ２）保持天然ＨＤＬ２生物活性。大鼠肝窦状隙细胞与ｒＨＤＬ２３７℃培养３ｈ（正常组）;细胞内吞ｃｐｍ为９９５±１４７（ｘ±Ｓ．Ｄ．,ｎ＝２）。细胞进一步９７℃培养２ｈ．释放三氯醋酸（ＴＣＡ）沉淀和ＴＣＡ上清液中ｃｐｍ为７８±３２和１２±９。Ｎ－乙酰咪唑修饰组为３３９±６２、１９±１１和９±５。肝素处理组为５４２±７８、３４±１４和９±８。实验结果提示：（１）肝窦状隙细胞通过ＨＤＬ受体内吞ＨＤＬ２摄取ＨＤＬ２－ＣＥ,并通过逆向胞饮将ＨＤＬ３排出体外．（２）肝性脂酶（ＨＬ）直接介导细胞选择性摄取ＨＤＬ２－ＣＥ,导致ＨＤＬ３生成．（３）ＨＬ和ＨＤＬ受体在介导细胞选择性摄取ＨＤＬ２－ＣＥ中具有协同作用。     

铜离子螯合亲和层析纯化人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶

用铜离子螯合亲和层析对人红细胞铜锌超氧化物歧化酶进行了纯化．3次实验的结果表明,此项层析具有重复使用率高和蛋白结合量大的显著优点．提纯的人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶的比活性为3037U每毫克蛋白,并经活性染色和SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳证实其纯度均一．纯化中,探索了用紫外260nm与280nm的A比值判断酶纯度的简便方法．     

Copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase enhances the mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium induced by 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole

The mutagenicities of various carcinogens induced by liver microsomes are increased in the presence of liver cytosol in rodents. It still remains, however, to be clarified which factor or factors in the cytosol enhance(s) the microsome-mediated mutagenicities. In the present study, we sought to identify the enhancing factor in liver cytosol prepared from rats using the microsome-mediated Salmonella mutagenicity induced by 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido [1,2-a:3',2'-d] imidazole (Glu-P-1). By a series of chromatographic steps, we purified a 16-kDa protein on SDS-PAGE from the cytosol of rat livers. Partial amino acid sequences of this protein revealed that the 16-kDa protein was copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD). The purified CuZn-SOD enhanced the microsome-mediated mutagenicities of several heterocyclic amines and aromatic amines. Furthermore, bovine and human CuZn-SOD also enhanced the microsome-mediated mutagenicity of Glu-P-1. The CuZn-SOD caused an increase in the mutagenicity of N-hydroxylated Glu-P-1 formed from Glu-P-1 by the microsomes, although CuZn-SOD did not affect either the formation or the stability of the N-hydroxylated derivative. These findings suggest that the enhancing cytosol factor for the mutagenicity of Glu-P-1 is CuZn-SOD, which stimulates the mutagenicity of N-hydroxylated Glu-P-1 without changing its metabolism.     

Purification and Properties of Cytosolic Copper,Zinc Superoxide Dismutase from Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.) Cotyledons

Cytosolic copperzinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD I; EC 1.15.1.1) was purified to homogeneity from watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.) cotyledons. The stepwise purification procedure consisted of acetone precipitation, batch anion-exchange chromatography, anion-exchange Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography, gel-filtration column chromatography, and affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. CuZn-SOD I was purified 310-fold with a yield of 12.6 micrograms enzyme per gram cotyledons, and had a specific activity of 3, 540 units per milligram protein. The relative molecular mass for cytosolic CuZn-SOD was 34000, and it was composed by two equal subunits of 16.3 kDa. CuZn-SOD I did not contain neutral carbohydrates in its molecule, and its ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra showed two absorption maxima at 254 nm and 580 nm. Metal analysis showed that the enzyme contained 1 gram-atom Cu and 1 gram-atom Zn per mole dimer. Cytosolic CuZn-SOD was recognized by the antibody against peroxisomal CuZn-SOD from watermelon cotyledons, and its enzymatic activity was inhibited by this antibody. By IEF (pH 4.2–4.9), using a new method for vertical slab gels set up in our laboratory, purified cytosolic CuZn-SOD was resolved into two equal isoforms with isoelectric points of 4.63 and 4.66.     

Purification and Properties of Cytosolic Copper, Zinc Superoxide Dismutase from Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.) Cotyledons

Cytosolic copperzinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD I; EC 1.15.1.1) was purified to homogeneity from watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.) cotyledons. The stepwise purification procedure consisted of acetone precipitation, batch anion-exchange chromatography, anion-exchange Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography, gel-filtration column chromatography, and affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. CuZn-SOD I was purified 310-fold with a yield of 12.6 micrograms enzyme per gram cotyledons, and had a specific activity of 3, 540 units per milligram protein. The relative molecular mass for cytosolic CuZn-SOD was 34000, and it was composed by two equal subunits of 16.3 kDa. CuZn-SOD I did not contain neutral carbohydrates in its molecule, and its ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra showed two absorption maxima at 254 nm and 580 nm. Metal analysis showed that the enzyme contained 1 gram-atom Cu and 1 gram-atom Zn per mole dimer. Cytosolic CuZn-SOD was recognized by the antibody against peroxisomal CuZn-SOD from watermelon cotyledons, and its enzymatic activity was inhibited by this antibody. By IEF (pH 4.2-4.9), using a new method for vertical slab gels set up in our laboratory, purified cytosolic CuZn-SOD was resolved into two equal isoforms with isoelectric points of 4.63 and 4.66.     

Regulation of aortic CuZn-superoxide dismutase with copper. Effects in vivo.

Cu2Zn2-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) was purified from chicken liver. The liver enzyme had a subunit Mr of 16900 and contained equimolar amounts of copper and zinc [0.26% (w/w) for each]. Aortic CuZn-SOD had the same Mr as estimated by gel filtration and cross-reacted with antibodies to the liver enzyme. Both enzymes were inhibited by 1.0 mM-NaCN. Within 24-72 h after hatching, total SOD activity in aorta rose 3-fold over the day-1 level and stayed elevated for 10 days. With low dietary copper, the total SOD activity rose as before, but then decayed progressively to non-detectable levels in 10 days. Both the cyanide-sensitive (CuZn-SOD) and insensitive (mangano-SOD) activities fell, but not at the same rate. When the 10-day-old deficient chicks were injected with 0.5 mumol of CuSO4 intraperitoneally, SOD activity in aorta was restored to control levels in about 8 h. Despite non-measurable SOD activity in aorta, extracts from the 15-day-old-deficient-chick tissue contained as much, or slightly more, immunoreactive CuZn-SOD protein as age-matched control tissue. The data show clearly that dietary copper regulates SOD activity in the aortas of young developing animals. They further suggest that a copper deficiency suppresses CuZn-SOD activity without inhibiting synthesis or accumulation of the CuZn protein in this tissue.     

Presence of CuZn superoxide dismutase in human serum lipoproteins

It has previously been demonstrated that CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) is secreted by several human cell lines. This suggests that the circulating enzyme derives from both hemolysis and peripheral tissues as a result of cellular secretion. In the present report, we evaluated the presence of CuZn-SOD in human serum lipoproteins by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis of immunoprecipitated lipoprotein samples. The distribution of CuZn-SOD activity among the different lipoprotein fractions was also determined by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase method. The results demonstrated that CuZn-SOD is noticeably present in serum lipoproteins and mainly in low and high density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL). Moreover, experiments performed by incubating CuZn-SOD with a lipid emulsion and subsequent separation of the lipid fraction by ultracentrifugation showed that this enzyme associates in a saturable manner with lipids. The CuZn-SOD bound to LDL and HDL could exert a physiological protective role against oxidative damage of these lipoprotein classes that carry out a crucial role in the cholesterol transport.     

Decrease in CuZn-superoxide dismutase mRNA level during differentiation of human monocytic and promyelotic leukemia cells

Change in the level of CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA was examined using a molecular probe during differentiation of human monocytic leukemia U937 cells or promyelotic leukemia HL-60 cells induced by either 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). CuZn-SOD mRNA levels were found to decrease during the course of differentiation, and this response is specific for differentiation, since the treatment of human B cell leukemia cells or normal diploid fibroblasts with TPA failed to have any effect on the level of CuZn-SOD mRNA. The activity of CuZn-SOD in U937 cells also decreased during differentiation, but following that of the CuZn-SOD mRNA level. The expression of the CuZn-SOD gene is thus concluded to diminish during the differentiation of HL-60 and U937 cells.     

Four cytosolic-type CuZn-superoxide dismutases in germinating seeds of Pinus sylvestris

A differential analysis of CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD. EC 1.15.1.1) isozymes after native-polyacry lamide gel elecrrophoresis (PAGE) and isoelectric focusing (IEF) indicated that germinating seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) 3 days after the start of imbibition (3 DAI) contain five CuZn-SOD isozymes. Two isozymes co-migrated on native–PAGE but were separated after IEF. CuZn-SODs of Scots pine were purified from germinating seeds (3 DAI) by anion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and chromatofocusing. The final separation of CuZn-SOD isozymes was accomplished by native-PAGE. CuZn-SOD isozymes were electroblotted and their NH₂-terminal amino acid sequence was determined. Comparisons of the amino acid sequences with sequences of CuZn-SOD isozymes from other plant sources indicated that one CuZn-SOD isozyme was of the chloroplastic type whereas the other four isozymes belonged to the cytosolic-type CuZn-SODs, The NH₂-terminal amino acid sequence of the chloroplastic CuZn-SOD and of one cytosolic-type CuZn-SOD were identical to those of two previously isolated, sequenced and localized CuZn-SOD isozymes from Scots pine needles. Two cytosolic-type CuZn-SOD isozymes showed a homology at 20 out of 21 NH₂-terminal amino acids. Mitochondria and glyoxysomes were isolated by differential and Percoll density-gradient centrifugation from germinating seeds (3 DAI). The cell fractionation experiments did not suggest that a major part of the CuZn-SOD activity in germinating seeds was derived from glyoxysomes or mitochondria.     

CuZn-Superoxide Dismutases from the Fern Equisetum arvense and the Green Alga Spirogyra sp.: Occurrence of Chloroplast and Cytosol Types of Enzyme

CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) from horsetail (Equisetum arvense)was purified to a crystalline state and that from pond scum(Spirogyra sp.) was purified to a mixture of three isozymes.The purified CuZn-SODs from the fern and the green alga showsimilar properties to those of the angiosperm and mammalianenzymes with respect to molecular weight, subunit structure,absorption spectrum, circular dichroism spectrum and the effectof modification of the arginine residues by 2,3-butanedioneon activity. Horsetail and pond scum contained three isozymeseach of CuZn-SOD. These isozymes are divided to two types: onetype gave a cross-reaction with antibody raised against chloroplast-typeCuZn-SOD from spinach and other type cross-reacted with antibodyraised against cytosol-type CuZn-SOD from spinach. Thus, itappears that the divergence of the chloroplast and cytosol typesof CuZn-SOD started at a very early stage in the molecular evolutionof this enzyme. (Received January 30, 1989; Accepted April 19, 1989)     

Purification and partial characterization of a cellular retinol-binding protein from human liver

A protein with binding specificity for retinol was purified from human liver. [³H]Retinol was added to liver extracts and the [³H]retinol-binding protein isolated by conventional chromatographic techniques including ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and G-50 and preparative isoelectric focusing. The yield was 10–15% in different preparations and the degree of purification was about 3000-fold. The purified protein had a molecular weight of about 15 000 as estimated from both gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate and was homogeneous in several electrophoretic systems. Isoelectric focusing of the purified protein gave a doublet band. Only one fluorescent band at pH 4.70 was seen if the protein solution was incubated with excess retinol prior to isoelectric focusing. The isolated protein did not react with antiserum to the retinol-binding protein of plasma. The amino acid composition and the amino terminal amino acid sequence for the first sixteen amino acids of the purified protein differed significantly from that of the plasma retinol-binding protein.