用脉冲辐解法研究海胆苷对DNA碱基损伤的修复作用

利用脉冲辐解技术研究了从中草药皱褶马先蒿(Pedicularis plicata Max-im)中提取的海胆苷(echinocoside)对胸腺嘧啶阴离子自由基的修复作用.海胆苷属于苯丙素苷的多酚类化合物.根据瞬态吸收谱分析,发现海胆苷能快速有效地对胸腺嘧啶阴离子自由基进行修复,其机理为电子自胸腺嘧啶阴离子自由基向海胆苷快速转移.通过详细的动力学计算,得出电子转移反应速率达1.45×10⁹dm³.·mol^-1·S^-1     

单克隆抗体对鼻疽和类鼻疽病原抗原及其血清学鉴别诊断的实验研究

应用抗鼻疽杆菌和抗类鼻疽杆菌的单克隆抗体(McAb),以间接ELISA,IFA以及免疫组织化学(下简称免疫组化)等技术方法,对来自不同地区的鼻疽杆菌(Ps.mallei)和类鼻疽杆菌(Ps.pseudmallei)的表面抗原进行了分析。在此基础上,又对鼻疽(Mallcus)和类鼻疽(Melioidosis)之间的血清学鉴别诊断等问题进行了研究。试验结果表明：(1)鼻疽杆菌和类鼻疽杆菌各自表达了不同的表面抗原反应类型,其闻并有一定的交叉关系;(2)鼻疽杆菌和类鼻疽杆菌各株均与McAb 2D4发生反应,说明表位2D4很可能为二菌所共有;(3)McAb4D4和lA9的类似抗体在鼻疽和类鼻疽血清都表现了较高的出现频率,说明其可能为二种血清的共有抗体成份;(4)McAb 3A1是仅同类鼻疽杆菌各株发生反应的特异性抗体。应用该McAb,以相应的实验技术,有可能解决长期以来存在的鼻疽和类鼻疽菌体间和血清间的免疫学鉴别诊断问题。     

不同来源腐植酸与活性氧自由基的相互作用

以ESR波谱仪为工具,利用自旋捕集技术研究不同来源腐植酸与黄嘌呤氧化酶体系和人多形核白细胞(PMN)呼吸暴发产生的超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)及Fenton反应生成的羟自由基(·OH)的相互作用,发现大骨节病病区和非病区的腐植酸对·OH自由基的产生表现促进作用,而对O₂^-·自由基则表现清除作用.而泥炭腐植酸对O₂^-·和·OH均显示清除作用,明显不同于大骨节病病区和非病区腐植酸的行为,认为腐植酸诱导大骨节病的过氧化损伤应主要是通过羟自由基反应而引发的.     

Nutrient composition,microbial biomass and activity at the air–water interface of small boreal forest lakes

Nutrient contents, microbial biomass and microbial activities werestudied at the air–water interface in the surface microlayer (SM) andsubsurface waters (10 cm depth) in small boreal forest lakes. Two differentsampling techniques were used to evaluate differences in the nutrientcomposition in SM- and subsurface waters and to study their effects onmicrobial biomass and activities of neustonic and planktonic microbialcommunities. Inorganic nutrients were only slightly enriched in the SMcompared to the subsurface water samples. P-PO⁴ variedbetween 6–10 mg P-PO₄ m_™3 in the SM andbetween 1–2 mg P–PO₄ m^-3 in thesubsurface waters. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NO₂ ^™+NO₃ ^™+NH₄ ⁺) varied between 12–20 mg Nm^™3 in the SM and between 3–12 mg N m^™3 insubsurface waters. Polymeric organic bound phosphorus and nitrogen wereabout 10 times enriched in the SM compared to the subsurface samples.However, microbial biomass like chlorophyll was by a factor of 8 to 280times enriched in the SM of meso-polyhumic lakes and 2–25 timeenriched in an acidified lake. Bacterioneuston biomass was by a factor of1.5 to 2 times enriched in the SM compared to that of bacterioplankton.However, fungal biomass was 30 to 40 times higher in the SM than in thesubsurface samples. Microbial activities was measured as[¹⁴C]-UL-α-D-Glucose uptake and as microbial biopolymerprocessing measured with 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-D-Glucopyranoside asmodel substrate for tracing the enzymatic cleaving rate of α-glycosidicpolymer bound glucose via microbial α-glucosidase (αGlucAse). [¹⁴C]-UL-α-D-Glucose uptake was about 4–5 timeshigher in bacterioneuston compared to bacterioplankton and varied between4–22 μm m³ h^™1 in bacterioneustoncommunities and between 1.5–2.5 μm m^™3h^™1 in bacterioplankton. αGlucAse was about 1.5 to 8 timeshigher in SM samples and varied between 38–108 μmm^™3 h^™1 in the SM microbial communities comparedto 12–35 μm m^™3 h^™1 in thesubsurface water microbial communities. The ratios between αGlucAseactivities and [¹⁴C]-UL-α-D-Glucose uptake was about3–5 times lower in the bacterioneuston than in the bacterioplanktoncommunities which means a tighter metabolic coupling between biopolymerprocessing and substrate uptake in bacterioneuston than in bacterioplankton.Biofilms in surface microlayers at the air–water interface in smallhumic forest lakes can provide favourable microhabitats for the growth ofneuston communities which may act as important sinks for allochthonousnutrient resources and may then generate new nutrient pools and prey forplanktonic microbial food webs. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

促甲状腺激素单克隆抗体的制备

获得了抗促甲状腺激素(TSH)单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞20株,其中T₇₄A₁₀小鼠腹水滴度为1:50 000,亲和常数为7.15×10⁹L/mol,T₇₁B₁₁小鼠腹水滴度为1:150000,亲和常数为8.75×10⁹L/mol.两个抗体与人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)、促卵泡激素(FSH)和促黄体生成激素(LH)的交叉反应分别小于1.1×10^-6%、0.01%和0.016%.将T₇₄A₁₀和T₇₁B₁₁应用于TSH免疫放射分析中,得到了满意的结果.     

抗人IL-6单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

用基因重组人IL-6免疫Balb/c小鼠,采用小鼠杂交瘤技术,筛选克隆到分泌抗人重组IL-6单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并对其中2H₂、 1D₂ 和4B₄瘤细胞株进行了鉴定.其抗体类别均为IgG,亚类分别为IgG1和IgG2a.用多种细胞因子和无关蛋白的鉴别试验结果证实它们均特异地识别rhIL-6.免疫转染结果显示,该单抗识别分子质量为21 ku的IL-6单一条带.IL-6单克隆抗体的亲和常数K_aff= 1.62×10⁹ (mol/L)^-1.     

Simulation of forest net primary production and the effects of fire disturbance in Northeast China

 森林净初级生产力(NPP)是衡量陆地碳源/汇的重要参数, 准确地估算森林生态系统的NPP, 同时通过引入干扰因子以期更加完整地描述生态学过程及其响应是目前森林生态系统碳循环研究的重点。因此, 该研究基于北方生态系统生产力(BEPS)模型, 结合遥感数据和气象数据等模拟2003年东北林区NPP; 将BEPS模型模拟的结果作为整合陆地生态系统碳收支(InTEC)模型的参考年数据, 模拟东北林区1901–2008年的NPP, 并在InTEC模型中加入林火干扰数据, 模拟大兴安岭地区1966–2008年的森林NPP。结果显示: 在1901年, 东北林区NPP平均值仅为278.8 g C·m^–2·a^–1, 到了1950年, NPP平均值增加到338.5 g C·m^–2·a^–1, 2008年NPP平均值进一步增加到378.4 g C·m^–2·a^–1。其中长白山地区的NPP平均值始终最高, 大兴安岭次之, 小兴安岭始终最低。到了2008年, 大、小兴安岭和长白山地区的NPP平均值都有较大涨幅, 其中涨幅最高的是长白山地区, 达到200–300 g C·m^–2·a^–1; 东北三省中, 黑龙江和吉林的NPP平均值和总量都比较高, 辽宁相对较低, 但相比于1901年的涨幅最高, 达到70%; 重大火灾(100–1000 hm²)对NPP的影响不是很大, 而特大火灾(>1 000 hm²)的影响比较大, 使NPP下降幅度达到10%左右, 其他火灾年份, NPP增长迅速并保持在较高水平; 对火灾面积在100 000 hm²以上的4个年份的NPP进行分析, 发现NPP平均值都大幅度下降, 其中1987年下降幅度最大, 为11%以上。     

Down regulation of CYP 1A1 by glucocorticoids in trout hepatocytes in vitro

Summary Short-term culture of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes was used to examine the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on microsomal CYP 1A1 protein content and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in vitro. Hepatocytes prepared by controlled collagenase digestion and plated at a density of 0.25 × 10⁶ cells/cm² in plastic culture dishes precoated with trout skin extract (7.6 μg skin protein/cm²) to facilitate cell attachment were maintained at 16° C. Cells were treated with DEX (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁷ M) or vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) at 24 h. Microsomal CYP 1A1 protein content and EROD activities were measured at 72 h. Both CYP 1A1 protein as measured by Western blots using CYP 1A1 specific anti-sera and EROD activity were significantly lower in DEX (10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁷ M)-treated hepatocytes compared to untreated (control) or DMSO-treated cells. The effect was dose dependent in that a gradual decrease of CYP 1A1 protein and EROD activities were seen with increasing doses of DEX (10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁷ M). DEX at 10⁻⁹ M was ineffective. Concomitant addition of 10⁻⁶ M RU486, a type II specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, to hepatocytes treated with 10⁻⁷ M DEX abolished the DEX effect. RU486 at 10⁻⁸ M was ineffective. Spironolactone (10⁻⁸ to 10⁻⁶ M), a type I specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, did not counteract the DEX effect. RU486 or spironolactone (10⁻⁶ M) alone had no effect on CYP 1A1 under similar conditions. DEX thus down regulates CYP 1A1 in fish cultured hepatocytes and this regulation is mediated through the type II glucocorticoid receptor(s).     

城市不同地表覆盖类型对土壤呼吸的影响

采用Licor-6400-09的土壤呼吸测量系统对北京市区3种不同覆盖类型地表(全硬地表、半透砖地表、草坪覆盖地表)的土壤呼吸速率及其影响因子进行了测定和分析。结果表明:(1)不同地表覆盖类型的土壤呼吸速率年均值分别为7.928 μmol·m^-2·s^-1(全硬地表),5.592 μmol·m^-2·s^-1(部分硬化地表)、2.625 μmol·m^-2·s^-1(草坪覆盖地表);土壤呼吸日均值最高均出现在夏季(14.785,10.296,5.143 μmol·m^-2·s^-1),最低为冬季(0.490,0.319,0.239 μmol·m^-2·s^-1);(2)3种地表类型的土壤呼吸速率有显著差异(P<0.05),大小排序为:草坪覆盖地表<部分硬化地表<全硬地表;(3)3种地表类型土壤呼吸速率均与土壤温度呈显著的指数相关,Q₁₀值排序为:草坪覆盖地表<部分硬化地表<全硬地表;(4)土壤含水率和土壤电导率与土壤呼吸均有一定的相关性,但关系较为复杂,有待于进一步研究。     

OAS1蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及其表征

目的:用OAS1蛋白免疫小鼠,获得OAS1特异性单克隆抗体,为OAS1的含量测定提供基础。方法:通过全基因合成的方法获得目的基因序列,转化大肠杆菌BL21细胞诱导His-OAS1及OAS1蛋白表达,纯化后用作抗原免疫小鼠,取脾融合,筛选稳定分泌抗体的阳性细胞株,制备并纯化单抗,通过SDS-PAGE,ELISA,Western blot等方法进行检测。结果:体外高效表达OAS1蛋白,并成功制备特异性单克隆抗体,效价在5×10^-11mol/L以上,亲和常数为3.37×10⁸ L·mol^-1。结论:获得高亲和力OAS1单克隆抗体,为其含量的检测奠定了基础。     

Structural and grazing responses of zooplankton community to biomanipulation of some Dutch water bodies

Structure and grazing activities of crustacean zooplankton were compared in five lakes undergoing manipulation with several unmanipulated eutrophic (shallow) and mesotrophic (deep) lakes in The Netherlands. The biomanipulated lakes had lesser number of species and their abundance, both of rotifers and crustaceans, and had much larger mean animal size (3–11 μg C ind.⁻¹) than in the unmanipulated eutrophic lakes (0.65 μG C ind.⁻¹). WhereasD. hyalina (=D. galeata) andD. cucullata generally co-occurred in the unmanipulated lakes, in the manipulated lakes bothD. hyalina and other large-bodied daphnids,D. magna,D. pulex (=D. pulicaria), were the important grazers. In the biomanipulated lakes an increase in the individual crustacean size and of zooplankton mass were reflected in a decrease in seston concentration, higher Secchi-disc depth and a marked decrease in the share in phytoplankton biovolume of cyanobacteria. Biomass relationship between seston (150 μm) and zooplankton indicated a Monod type relationship, with an initial part of the curve in which the zooplankton responds linearly to the seston increase up to aboutca. 2 mg C l⁻¹, followed by a saturation of zooplankton mass (0.39 mg C l⁻¹) at 3–4 mg C l⁻¹ seston, and an inhibitory effect on zooplankton mass at seston levels>4 mg C l⁻¹. This latter is related to predominance in the seston of cyanobacteria. In the biomanipulated lakes, the zooplankton grazing rates often exceeded 100% d⁻¹, during the spring, and food levels generally dropped to <0.5 mg C l⁻¹. The computed specific clearance rate (SCR) of zooplankton of 1.9 l mg⁻¹ Zoop C is well within the range of SCR values (1.7–2.2 l mg⁻¹ Zoop C) from deep and mesotrophic waters, but about an order of magnitude higher than in the eutrophic lakes, with the food levels 10-fold higher. For 25% d⁻¹ clearance of lake seston between 35 and 60 ind. l⁻¹ are needed in the biomanipulated lakes against 1200–1300 ind. l⁻¹ in eutrophic lakes. Similarly, about 10 to 15 times more crustacean grazers are required to eliminate the daily primary production in the eutrophic lakes than in the biomanipulated lakes. These numbers are inversely related to the differences in animal size. The corresponding biomass values of zooplankton needed to clear the daily primary production in the eutrophic waters were 0.1–0.2 mg C l⁻¹ in the biomanipulated lakes, but about 0.45 mg C l⁻¹ in the unmanipulated eutrophic waters. Only if the water was kept persistently clear by zooplankton was there a balanced seston budget between the inputvia primary production and elimination by zooplankton. Mostly, however, the input exceeded the assimilatory removal by zooplankton, such that the estimated seston loss could be attributed to sedimentation and mineralization.     

抗人PAI－1单克隆抗体制备、鉴定和应用

以重组PAI－（rPAI－1)为抗原,通过杂交瘤技术获得6株阳性杂交瘤细胞(Apl、AP2、AP3、AP4、AP5和AP6),并用SPA亲和层析纯化了抗Pal－1单克隆抗体(McAb)。所有McAb均能识别rPAI和天然PAI－1,腹水滴度均为10　6以上。6种McAb对PAI－1亲和常数在3．45×10⁷--1.05×10⁹mol／L之间。AP2、AP3McAb能完全抑制PAI－1活性,AP4、AP和AP6只能部分抑制PAI－1活性,Apl则不抑制PAI-1活性。6种McAb中只有Apl、AP4和AP5能识别Pal－1／t－PA复合物。利用Apl、AP3、和AP4 McAb制备免疫亲和柱一步纯化HepG2细胞分泌的PAI－1,纯度大于98％,回收率92％,纯化倍数51倍。利用抗PAI－1 McAb建立了夹心法ELISA,测定了人血浆PAI－1水平,正常人血浆PAI－1平均含量(X士D)为24．7±7．75ng／ml。     

小鼠胸腺髓质上皮细胞系体内诱导胸腺细胞功能成熟

来源于BALB/c小鼠 (H-2^d)胸腺的髓质上皮细胞系MTEC1细胞表达H-2^d和I -A^d 分子 .为研究上皮细胞诱导胸腺细胞阳性选择及功能分化的能力 ,首先用γ 线照射C5 7BL/6J小鼠(H-2^d) ,再经静脉注射 (H-2^b×d)F1代骨髓细胞 ,制备 H-2^b×d→H-2^b)嵌合体 ,然后将MTEC1细胞注射到嵌合体胸腺内 .注射后 2个月 ,经HE染色显示 ,MTEC1细胞在嵌合体小鼠胸腺被膜下皮质区成簇存在 ,体外免疫学试验发现 ,嵌合体小鼠脾细胞含有抗原特异性H-2^d识别限制的杀伤T细胞 (CTL) ,IL -2产生T细胞及增殖应答T细胞 .在MLR试验中 ,嵌合体小鼠脾细胞显示对H-2^d 同种异型抗原的明显耐受 .从而证明MTEC1髓质上皮细胞能在胸腺微环境内诱导H-2^d识别限制的对特异抗原应答的T细胞发育及功能成熟 .由此提出在胸腺髓质区进行“2次胸腺选择”的假说 ,并讨论了其意义 .     

抗组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

用从人黑色素瘤细胞培液中提纯的tPA为抗原,通过杂交瘤技术获得TA₁,TA₂、TA₃和TA₄ 4株阳性杂交瘤细胞。经葡萄球菌A蛋白(SPA)亲和层析纯化抗tPA单克隆抗体(tPA．McAb)。固相酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)诱生含McAb的小鼠腹水,其效价达I：1O⁵。这些tPA McAb均属IgG₁亚型,特异地作用于tPA(包括基因工程生产的rtPA),与尿激酶(uK)无反应。用底物显色法测定表明所有tPA McAb均可抑制tPA的活性。     

过氧化氢酶-无机杂化纳米花的制备及催化特性

过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)是一种在食品、医疗、纺织等领域广泛应用的工业酶,具有催化效率高、专一性强、绿色环保等突出特点。工业中游离过氧化氢酶无法回收再利用,导致以其为核心的工业生物转化过程成本较高。开发一种简单、温和、低成本并且体现绿色化学理念的方法对过氧化氢酶进行固定化有望提高其利用率并且强化酶学性能,具有迫切的现实需求。本研究将源自枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)168的过氧化氢酶KatA在大肠杆菌中进行重组表达,之后将分离纯化得到的纯酶以酶-无机杂化纳米花形式制备成固定化酶并进行酶学性质研究。结果显示,利用乙醇沉淀、DEAE阴离子交换层析、疏水层析3步纯化,最终获得电泳纯的重组KatA,之后通过优化制备条件获得了一种新型KatA/Ca₃(PO₄)₂杂化纳米花固定化酶。酶学性质研究结果显示,游离酶KatA的最适反应温度为35℃,KatA/Ca₃(PO₄)₂杂化纳米花的最适反应温度为30−35℃,二者最适反应pH值均为11.0。游离酶KatA和KatA/Ca₃(PO₄)₂杂化纳米花在pH4.0−11.0和25−50℃条件下均表现出较好的稳定性。KatA/Ca₃(PO₄)₂杂化纳米花显示出比游离酶KatA更好的储存稳定性,在4℃储存14d后仍保留82%的酶活力,而游离酶仅具有50%的酶活力。此外,纳米花在进行5次催化反应后仍具有55%的酶活力,表明其具有较好的操作稳定性。动力学研究结果显示,游离酶KatA对底物过氧化氢的K_m为(8.80±0.42)mmol/L,k_cat/K_m为(13151.53±299.19)L/(mmol·s);而KatA/Ca₃(PO₄)₂杂化纳米花的K_m为(32.75±2.96)mmol/L,k_cat/K_m为(4550.67±107.51)L/(mmol·s)。与游离酶KatA相比,KatA/Ca₃(PO₄)₂杂化纳米花对底物过氧化氢的亲和力下降,同时其催化效率也有所降低。综上所述,本研究以Ca²⁺作为自组装诱导剂,成功将KatA以酶-无机杂化纳米花形式制备成固定化酶,不仅对部分酶学性能实现了强化,而且为固定化过氧化氢酶的绿色制备和规模化应用奠定了基础。     

Optimization and evaluation of vegetation photosynthesis and respiration model using the measurements collected from the forest site of subtropical coniferous-evergreen

 碳循环模型参数的确定和优化对生态系统净CO₂交换(NEE)的模型计算至关重要。该文利用2010–2012年ChinaFLUX千烟洲站点的通量观测资料, 对植被光合呼吸模型(VPRM)的参数进行了优化。通过比较两种不同的拟合方案, 发现利用传统光响应方程得到的参数不适用于VPRM, 而利用模型自身反演方案拟合得到的参数最大光量子效率(λ)达0.203, 大于C₃植物平均值, 但与其他相关研究结果吻合。采用VPRM模型反演方案优化得到的参数后, VPRM能较准确地模拟千烟洲站不同季节的NEE。其对全年半小时NEE模拟的平均误差为–0.86 μmol·m^–2·s^–1, 相关系数为0.72。模型可准确地模拟生长旺季NEE平均日变化, 但低估了非生长旺季白天吸收峰值约52%。通过个例分析发现, VPRM模型可以准确模拟晴天条件下NEE的时间变化, 但对阴雨天条件下NEE的模拟还存在较大的不确定性。该研究将有助于进一步改进CO₂通量及浓度的区域数值模拟。     

人心肌肌钙蛋白T的纯化和单克隆抗体的制备

从人左室心肌中成功纯化心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT). 经匀浆, 70℃加热处理, 咪唑盐酸透析, DEAE-纤维素层析, 100g心肌获取cTnT 5mg, 纯度为97.6%. 同时采用脾内免疫法, 免疫Balb/C小鼠, 经细胞融合, 筛选, 克隆化得5株稳定分泌抗人cTnT单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞(G₃, G₈, G₁₀, A₅, A₇), 4株为IgM, 1株为IgG, 染色体数目92～110条. 腹水效价为3.2×10^-6～1. 6×10^-7.     

多形核白细胞产生的NO和O2-自由基主要形成 ONOO-

用ESR自旋捕集技术研究了人多形核白细胞(PMN)受促癌剂佛波醇(PMA)刺激产生O₂^-和NO自由基的相互作用.发现加L-精氨酸使在PMA刺激PMN体系中捕捉到的O₂^-明显减少,加N^G-甲基精氨酸(NGMA)使在PMA刺激PMN体系中捕捉的O₂^-明显增加.用黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶和光照核黄素体系证明,加L-精氨酸使PMA刺激PMN产生NO^-·自由基与O₂^-结合生成ONOO^-是加入L-精氨酸使PMA刺激PMN体系捕捉的O₂^-减少的主要原因,并且推算了加入不同浓度L-精氨酸PMN产生NO^-·自由基的量.用羟基自由基清除剂和ONOO^-氧化DMPO和DMSO及其对pH的依赖关系,证明了ONOO^-分解并没有直接生成羟基自由基.用依赖鲁咪诺的化学发光法研究了人多形核白细胞受促癌剂PMA刺激产生NO^-·自由基动力学过程.另外,用化学合成的NO^-·自由基和过氧亚硝基在模型体系研究了它们的ESR和化学发光特征.说明PMA刺激PMN生成的NO^-·和O₂^-自由基反应形成的ONOO^-是引起化学发光的主要形式.     

人GM-CSF受体β链胞膜外区域与GM-CSF结合位点的研究

研究了抗人GM-CSF受体β链胞膜外区域4种人工合成多肽D1(9～114),D2(115～225),D3(226～325)和D4(326～422)4个多肽片段多克隆抗血清和McAb对GM-CSF生物学活性的阻断作用,结果首次发现抗D1多克隆抗血清和抗D1McAb 2A_9对 GM-CSF促进的 DMSO诱导的 HL60细胞、正常人胎儿骨髓细胞以及人GM-CSF依赖的TF-1细胞增殖有显著的阻断效应,抗D2McAb 1C₁₂对GM-CSF诱导的 TF-1细胞增殖也有显著的阻断效应,阻断抑制率均可达 90％以上,而其它抗受体 β链 McAb和无关对照 McAb E₇均无阻断活性.此结果表明:抗 D1 McAb2A₉和抗D2 McAb 1C₁₂所识别的表位则可能为受体β链与 GM-CSF的结合位点依据受体β链二级结构预测,受体与细胞因子结合部位的结构理论,设计和合成了受体β链45～75,56～75和 66～75 3个人工合成多肽片段,用间接ELISA结合试验分析表明,McAb 2A₉识别表位位于第 45～55位氨基酸内.应用受体与细胞因子结合部位的结构理论推测 McAb 1C₁₂识别表位可能位于β链内 216～220位氨基酸.此结果对于深入了解受体β链的结构与功能以及细胞因子与受体的相互作用均有十分重要的意义.     

Effects of light,temperature and salinity on the growth rate of harmful marine diatoms,Chaetoceros convolutus and C. concavicornis that kill netpen salmon

Chaetoceros convolutus and C. concavicornis have been implicated in the death of salmon in netpens in the Pacific Northwest by damaging the salmon's gills. To better understand how environmental factors affect the distribution of these two species, the interacting effects of light, temperature and salinity on growth rate were examined by growing these species under a range of temperatures (4–18 °C), light (10–175 μmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹) and salinities (10–30‰). For C. convolutus, the growth rate showed a hyperbolic relationship with irradiance at 8, 14 and 18 °C and light saturation occurred at 9, 14 and 20 μmol photon m^t s⁻¹ respectively. At 4 °C for C. convolutus and 8 °C for C. concavicornis, cells grew at μ_max, even at the lowest irradiances tested (10 μmol photon m⁻² s⁻¹). For C. convolutus, the amount of light required to saturate growth rate increased with temperature in an approximately linear fashion. The Q₁₀ was 1.88, calculated by averaging over both species. C. concavicornis was the more euryhaline species growing at salinities as low as 17.5‰, while C. convolutus grew only at 25‰ and above.