山楂原花色素的抗氧化作用研究

本文用比色法测定山楂原色素（Proanthocyanidins from the fruits of hawthorn,HPA)的抗氧化作用,即对羟自由基、超氧负离子的清除作用以及抗脂质过氧化的作用,并且通过细胞学实验验证其对上皮细胞的抗氧化损伤的保护作用。试验表明：山楂原色素有很强的抗氧化作用,其作用在浓度为0．1mg/ml-1.0mg/ml之间随着浓度的增大而增强,对超氧负离子的清除和抗脂质过氧化作用尤为明显。在浓度为1mg/ml时,对羟自由基和超氧负离子的清除率分别为59．8％和90．0％,对细胞氧化损伤的保护率为41．96％;浓度为0．5mg/ml时对脂质过氧化的抑制率达91．9％。试验同时还比较了葡萄籽原花色素（Proanthocyanidins from the fruts of grape,GPA)和Vc的抗氧化作用,结果表明：山楂原花色素与葡萄素（Proanthocyanidins from the fruits of grape,GPA)和Vc的抗氧化作用,结果表明：山楂原色素与葡萄籽原花色素效应相当,并远远高于Vc的效应。     

金银花尺蠖幼虫粪便乙醇提取物体外抗氧化活性

自由基过量累积会影响生物体正常机能,筛选具有自由基清除功能的昆虫代谢产物对于开发虫茶至关重要。为了解金银花尺蠖幼虫粪便提取物的抗氧化活性,在室内测定了金银花尺蠖幼虫粪便乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,金银花尺蠖幼虫粪便乙醇提取物具有一定的体外抗氧化活性:对二苯代苦味酰自由基(DPPH)、羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2)、ABTS+·自由基均具有一定的清除能力,在0.05mg/m L时的清除率分别为37.78%、25.31%、21.41%和35.82%;随着提取物浓度的增大,对自由基的清除率逐渐增加,当浓度上升到0.65 mg/m L时的清除率分别为95.52%、69.07%、63.27%和72.46%,分别增加了57.74%、43.76%、41.86%和36.64%,差异达显著水平;对卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化也具有一定的抑制作用,在0.05 mg/m L时的抑制率为26.78%,随着提取物浓度的增大,对脂质过氧化的抑制率也逐渐增加,当浓度上升到0.65 mg/m L时的抑制率为50.63%,增加了23.85%,差异达显著水平。在0.05~0.65 mg/m L的浓度范围内,对自由基的清除率、对脂质过氧化的抑制率与浓度之间呈显著的线性关系。综上,金银花尺蠖幼虫粪便提取物具有开发为虫茶的潜力。     

青蒿内生真菌Alternaria sp.(PQH12)提取物体外细胞毒活性及抗氧化活性的研究

本文分别采用环己烷、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇5种极性不同的溶剂分别提取青蒿内生真菌Alternaria sp.(PQH12)的菌丝体。采用MTT法分别测定不同极性溶剂提取物对3种肿瘤细胞株(HL-60、MCF-7和COLO205)的生长抑制率,采用DPPH自由基清除法和超氧阴离子O-·2清除法评价了青蒿内生真菌Alternaria sp.(PQH12)不同极性溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性。结果显示,正丁醇和乙酸乙酯提取物均表现出对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用;浓度为20μg/mL时,正丁醇提取物对HL-60细胞的生长抑制率为80.56%,乙酸乙酯提物对MCF-7和COLO205细胞的生长抑制率分别为54.47%和83.09%;在两种抗氧化活性评价体系中,甲醇提取物的抗氧化活性均明显优于其他溶剂的提取物,其IC50值分别为0.20 mg/mL(DPPH)和0.19 mg/mL(O-·2)。该结果表明,青蒿内生真菌Alternaria sp.(PQH12)具有较好的细胞毒和抗氧化潜力,具有一定的开发利用价值,可以作为进一步实验研究的对象。     

炭团菌提取物对樟子松枯梢病菌的抑菌活性及稳定性研究

采用水提和酯提2种方式提取炭团菌液体培养菌液中高效抑制樟子松枯梢病菌活性物质。采用生长速率法测定提取物对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制率,采用悬滴法测定其对病原菌孢子萌发的抑制率。炭团菌液体培养菌液乙酸乙酯提取物稳定性试验选用紫外线、温度、pH、氧化剂与还原剂以及贮存时间5个因子。结果表明:炭团菌液体培养菌液的5种提取物对樟子松枯梢病菌均有一定的抑菌活性,乙酸乙酯提取物对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制率最高,达到73.20%;乙酸乙酯提取物、超声波提取物、正丁醇提取物对病原菌孢子萌发抑制率均超过90%。乙酸乙酯提取物对自然环境下的紫外线、温度具有很高的稳定性,并且有一定的抗氧化还原能力和良好的耐热性,长期贮存不影响其抑菌活性,具有很高的开发价值和很好的应用前景。     

黄芩提取物抗氧化性及其对肝癌HepG-2细胞的抑制作用

本研究探讨黄芩提取物的抗氧化能力以及对肝癌细胞HepG-2生长的影响。通过分光光度法、邻苯三酚自氧化法测定不同黄芩提取物对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子的清除效果,以此考察其抗氧化性能;同时采用MTT法测定不同黄芩提取物对HepG-2细胞的生长影响来研究其抗肿瘤作用。结果显示,3种不同的黄芩提取物均具有较好的抗氧化性能,并对肝癌细胞的生长具有明显的抑制作用,黄芩正丁醇部分、黄芩乙酸乙酯部分及黄芩石油醚部分对肝癌细胞作用72h后,对HepG-2细胞的最大抑制率分别达到57.2%、51.8%和35.2%。3种黄芩提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,且对肝癌细胞的生长有一定的抑制作用。     

显齿蛇葡萄提取物抗油脂氧化作用研究

用显齿蛇葡萄Ampelopsis grossedentata幼嫩茎叶提取物进行抗氧化试验,结果表明:显齿蛇葡萄幼嫩茎叶提取物有很强的抗氧化作用.0.2%的显齿蛇葡萄提取物对油脂的抗氧化效果超过同浓度的BHA及生姜提取物,0.7%的显齿蛇葡萄提取物对菜油、猪油的氧化抑制率比0.2%的BHA分别高出49.8%、9.4%,比0.2%生姜提取物分别高出46.5%、62.2%.     

不同生长期香椿叶片的抗氧化活性及其抗氧化作用分析

采用分光光度法,研究了不同生长期香椿叶片的抗氧化活性,并对其抗氧化作用进行了分析。结果表明,阴干处理对香椿总抗氧化力无显著影响,不同生长期的香椿总抗氧化力无显著差异;香椿嫩芽、嫩叶和老叶提取物均有清除.OH的作用,老叶、嫩叶对.OH的清除率均显著大于嫩芽,且阴干香椿对.OH的清除率均显著高于同一生长期的新鲜香椿,尤以阴干老叶的清除率最高;不同生长期的香椿提取物均有抑制亚油酸过氧化的作用,在低浓度时,嫩芽提取物对亚油酸过氧化的抑制率显著高于嫩叶或老叶,而在高浓度时,不同生长期香椿叶提取物对亚油酸过氧化的抑制率无显著差异。     

三种中药提取物对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制作用

分别用水、60%乙醇和95%乙醇为提取溶剂,对泽泻、青风藤和白芷进行提取,通过测定黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)-黄嘌呤反应体系终产物尿酸的吸光度,得出各提取物对XOD的抑制率,并判断其抑制机制。实验结果显示,在一定浓度范围内,泽泻和青风藤两种醇提物对XOD的抑制率较高,泽泻60%乙醇提取物抑制率最高达86%,青风藤95%乙醇提取物抑制率最高为71.2%,白芷水提取物对XOD抑制率较高,最高为72.7%。结果表明,三种中药的提取物均具有较强的体外抑制XOD活性的作用。     

苦荞多肽的纯化、结构与体外抗氧化活性研究CSCD

为了探究苦荞多肽粗提液抗氧化活性的主要来源,需要进一步对苦荞多肽进行分离纯化,通过结构鉴定来分析抗氧化活性与多肽结构之间的关系。该研究以苦荞功能提取物废渣为原料提取苦荞粗蛋白辅以植物乳杆菌发酵法制备苦荞多肽,采用大孔吸附树脂、葡聚糖凝胶、液相色谱对苦荞多肽粗提液进行分离纯化,并以抗氧化活性为指标,筛选抗氧化活性较强的组分,利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定抗氧化多肽结构。结果表明,纯度不同的苦荞多肽抗氧化能力也不同,经过Sephadex G-15葡聚糖凝胶分离纯化得到的T-3组分ABTS和DPPH自由基清除能力最优,清除率分别为96%、94%。纯化后苦荞多肽的抗氧化活性显著高于粗提液(P<0.05),但是抗氧化活性并没有完全与苦荞多肽纯度呈正相关,通过液相色谱进一步分离纯化T-3组分后得到的组分T-3-1,苦荞多肽纯度虽然达到了98%,但是对DPPH和ABTS抑制率不再增强,反而稍有下降,抑制率分别为89%和90%。由质谱鉴定结果得到,主要抗氧化肽的氨基酸序列为苯丙氨酸-脯氨酸-酪氨酸Phe-Pro-Tyr(FPY)和酪氨酸-亮氨酸-脯氨酸-苯丙氨酸Tyr-Leu-Pro-Phe(YLPF)。研究结果以期为苦荞多肽的进一步开发利用提供一定的理论基础。     

红花桑寄生叶提取物的抗氧化活性及酚类物质分析

采用DPPH法、TEAC法、FRAP法对红花桑寄生叶不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性进行体外评价,并测定其总酚、总黄酮含量。结果表明,溶剂种类对红花桑寄生叶提取物的得率、总酚、总黄酮及抗氧化活性影响显著。在3种评价方法中,不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性均表现出不同程度的量效依赖关系。3种溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性强弱依次为丙酮提取物 >甲醇提取物 >水提取物,其中80%丙酮提取物(总酚含量最高,达276.83mg/g)抗氧化活性最强,清除DPPH自由基能力EC₅₀值为0.247,FRAP值(FeSO₄ mmol/100g)为115.81,浓度为1.0mg/ml时,TEAC值为2.04。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.