医学工程人员培训及工作满意度现状分析

目的 对医学工程人员的基本情况、培训情况、培训需要以及工作满意度情况调查,为医学工程人员的继续教育和管理提供建议。方法 取武汉三级医院8家、二级医院2家,在每家医院的医学工程部门中随机抽取15名进行问卷调查。结果 调查医学工程人员138名,大专及以下学历占47.9%;97.8%的医学工程人员愿意接受在职教育和培训的意愿;对职称、收入、在医院的地位、晋升机会满意的比例为17.4%、13.1%、15.2%、19.6%。讨论 医学工程人员整体学历偏低;医学工程人员培训需求较大;医学工程人员对职称、收入、在医院的地位、晋升机会、在职教育和培训的机会等满意度均较低。医院应建立科学的职业晋升制度、激励制度、培训方案,同时鼓励医学工程人员积极参加培训。     

上海市医院人力资源结构现状与预期调查

?????? 目的 征询上海市各级医院对医院人力资源结构合理配置的意见与建议;摸清医院当前学科发展和人力资源状况,职称与编制、职称与岗位之间的矛盾;了解各级各类职称的现状和核定比例预期。方法 采用文献检索法、分层随机抽样法和专家访谈法,并以开放式与封闭式相结合的问卷调查形式,了解医院的基本资料、医院编制人员结构比例与设置、卫生专业技术人员职称结构与设置以及编外人员职称聘任情况等,通过访谈了解实现医院人力资源结构合理配置的意见与建议。数据采用SPSS17.0进行统计分析。结果现聘人员职称结构比例已突破高、中级限额,编制外用工对医院职称评审与聘任产生较大影响。结论 建议尽快出台新的医院编制核定方案,调整上海市医院职称结构比例设置,规范非人事主管部门出台人员配置标准,强化上海市与岗位聘任相结合的全行业评审。     

二级及以上医疗机构公共卫生工作运行保障现况调查

目的 了解我国二级及以上医疗机构公共卫生工作的运行保障现况。方法 对4个省进行实地调研,对180家二级及以上医院和587位医院公卫人员进行问卷调查。结果 (1)上报医院公卫全职人员平均3.32人,平均年龄42岁,男女比例1:3,硕士研究生及以上学历占6%。公卫人员中护理专业人数最多（占37.65%）,公卫专业人数较少（占18.4%）,70.4%的人员都是由临床转岗至公卫。（2）二级及以上医院公卫工作补偿机制尚未建立。（3）信息化建设与目标有一定差距。结论 建议制定医院公卫人员配置和准入标准,健全医院公卫人员专业职称晋升体系,建立科学的公卫服务补偿机制,促进信息的交流共享。

     

优秀青年医学人才综合能力评价指标体系实证研究

目的 建立全面、综合反映医院优秀青年医学人才综合能力评价的指标体系,建立规范、公正的医院人才综合能力评价的指标体系的管理模式。方法 采用文献检索以及对于2009—2010年入选的各级优秀青年医学人才进行问卷调查,并运用SPSS17.0软件进行数据分析。结果 主观评价以医院考核、科室考核、优秀青年医学人才互评和资深优秀青年医学人才打分的形式进行,权重分别为28%、38%、20%和14%;客观评价指标的权重均值为医疗52%、教学22%、科研26%;将科室性质分为手术科室和非手术科室,优秀青年医学人才科室的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。将样本分为市、院、校优青,不同的年龄、职称、学历/学位、科室、岗位有显著性差异（P<0.01或P<0.05）。结论 不断深入细化优秀青年医学人才综合能力评价指标体系的各项指标,使整个评价指标体系更加科学、客观和公正;加强各层次优秀青年医学人才的交流与合作,完善考核制度建设,建立优青考核信息管理系统。     

河北省医学重点学科人力资源现状研究

目的 探索重点学科人力资源现状。方法 对重点学科人力资源进行现状分析。结果 重点学科共有4 059人;年龄在25岁及以上、45岁以下的占71.2%;工作年限15年以下的占69.5%;硕士研究生学历的占47.3%,本科学历的占38.4%;高级职称的占45.7%。结论 重点学科汇集了大量优秀人才,学科成员年龄分布合理,工作年限偏低,学历以硕士研究生和本科为主,职称偏高,重点学科与重点发展学科内部学历、职称构成存在差异。     

全国三级医院信息中心及其人员配置现状分析

目的 了解全国三级医院信息中心设置情况及其技术人员配置现状。方法 通过网络调查问卷的形式,由国家卫生计生委规划与信息司网络直报系统挂表,各调查单位独立完成并填报,填报者以各地区二级以上医疗机构信息科或信息中心的相关人员为主。结果 1 008家（71.8%）三级医院设有独立的信息科或信息中心科室,东、中、西部地区的三级医院信息科或信息中心设立情况的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,信息中心人员的年龄段集中在31岁到50岁之间,学历以本科为多,331家三级医院信息中心无卫生统计人员,446（44.2%）家无系统研发人员。结论 东、中、西部地域三级医院信息科或信息中心的设立不均衡,且卫生统计专业人才缺乏,高学历人才少,系统研发人员不足。     

深圳市社区健康服务运行机制改革试点成效比较分析

目的 比较分析深圳市社区健康服务运行机制改革试点措施的最新进展及实施效果。方法 对深圳市未实施社区健康服务中心改革试点的TR1区、TR2区以及改革试点地区RE3区共计65家社区健康服务中心进行问卷调查。结果 社区健康服务中心改革试点地区本科及以上学历人员（P=0.003）、中级职称及以上人员（P=0.000）比例均高于非试点地区,学历及职称构成比差异有统计学意义;2008—2009年改革试点地区双向转诊人次增长率高于非改革试点地区。结论 社区健康服务中心运行机制改革试点进一步促进了社区健康服务中心与举办医院之间在人员、技术和管理等方面的协作发展。     

综合医院大数据应用需求调查与分析

目的 分析综合医院对于大数据应用的内在需求,为医院的大数据研发与应用提供导向和依据。方法 采用德尔菲法自制医院大数据应用需求调查问卷,随机抽取中国研究型医院学会医疗分会64家会员单位进行调查,获得有效问卷104份,有效回收率为94.55%。结果 精准医疗（4.31±0.42）分,精益管理（4.23±0.56）分,科学研究（4.19±0.52）分,健康管理（4.16±0.52）分,数字医疗（4.06±0.60）分,教育培训（3.69±0.69）分。不同性别、年龄、职称、岗位组间的需求差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,医学人工智能（b=0.324,P=0.000）和互联网+医疗（b=0.161,P=0.047）的需求程度会对医院大数据应用前景态度产生显著的正向影响关系。结论 综合性医院对大数据具有较强的、多样化的应用需求,应以实际需求为导向,重点推进精准医疗、医学人工智能和互联网+医疗等相关应用的研发。     

公立医院临床医生对医疗监管认知的调查及分析

??????? 目的 了解临床医生对公立医院医疗监管的认知情况。方法 对新疆医科大学附属医院202名在职临床医生随机进行问卷调查,用卡方检验处理数据。 结果 不同年龄的临床医生对完善医院监管体制是否有助于加强医师职业管理、提高专业技术能力的看法有差异（P＜0.05）;不同年龄、职称、工龄的医生对医院监管制度的认识、对现有监管制度是否得到严格执行的认识和对管理人员的监管意识认识没有差别（P＞0.05）;不同年龄、职称、工龄的医生对于普通员工监管意识的认识有差别（P＜0.05）;对于医院医疗监管存在的问题及原因,大部分医生认识比较清楚,存在的问题符合社会普遍现象。结论 建立完善的医院医疗监管机制,积极探索科学的,系统的监管模式,内部监管与外部监管相结合。     

潍坊市乡镇卫生院人力资源现状分析

目的 了解潍坊市乡镇卫生院人力资源情况,为政府部门合理配置卫生人力资源和基层医疗机构综合改革提供参考。方法 对2010年潍坊市148个乡镇卫生院进行问卷调查。从整体上对乡镇卫生院的整体情况、年龄结构、学历结构、职称构成和专业构成情况进行分析。结果 潍坊市乡镇卫生院人员实有编制数及人员素质总体偏低。结论 应采取有效措施培训和引进人才,提高卫生技术人员的素质和能力。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.