人可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体的酵母表达及其生物活性分析

将人可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(human soluble Receptor for advanced glycation end product,hsRAGE)cDNA插入巴斯德毕赤酵母组成型表达载体pGAPZαA,构建重组表达载体pGAPZαA-hsRAGE,并转化到毕赤酵母X-33中,利用含抗生素Zeocin的YPD平板筛选重组子。重组菌株在甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAP)启动子的调控作用下,进行组成型分泌表达,在发酵液中获得了相对分子质量约45 kD的重组蛋白。摇瓶发酵结果表明,在发酵温度30℃、pH6.0、发酵时间72 h时重组蛋白表达占发酵上清液总蛋白68.4%。Western blotting显示,重组蛋白能够被相应抗体所识别。纯化后的重组hsRAGE具有与AGEs相互结合的活性,并能够显著地抑制AGEs诱导的人血管内皮细胞系ECV-304细胞NF-κB信号通路中NF-κB/p65基因的表达。     

用毕赤酵母组成型分泌表达Canstatin-N

目的:用毕赤酵母的GAP启动子调控组成型表达Canstatin-N。方法:将canstatin-N基因重组于毕赤酵母表达载体pGAP9K的多克隆位点获得pGAP9K-can-N。用电转法将pGAP9K-can-N转化毕赤酵母GS115。筛选高G418抗性的克隆作为工程菌GS115(pGAP9K-can-N)。发酵GS115(pGAP9K-can-N)分泌表达Canstatin-N,用离子交换法纯化目标蛋白。结果:以葡萄糖为碳源,发酵48h分泌表达人血管能抑素蛋白56 mg/L。结论:用毕赤酵母的GAP启动子调控组成型表达的人血管能抑素蛋白具有诱发血管内皮细胞凋亡的生物活性。     

增加植酸酶基因appA-m的拷贝提高其在巴斯德毕赤酵母的表达量

为了进一步提高植酸酶的发酵效价,降低植酸酶生产成本,对毕赤酵母表达载体pGAPZα-A进行了改造。将表达载体pPIC9的AOX1启动子序列引入pGAPZα-A,使之成为甲醇可诱导型表达载体pAOXZα,插入植酸酶基因appA-m后得到重组载体pAOXZα-appA-m。以染色体上带有一个拷贝的appA-m基因、发酵效价可达到7.5×106IU/mL发酵液的重组酵母菌株74#为受体菌进行转化,在该重组菌株的染色体上的另一位点整合含有植酸酶基因的表达盒,经筛选到高表达植酸酶的重组子。通过PCR进行验证,植酸酶基因被整合到重组酵母的染色体上,且受体菌中原有的植酸酶基因结构未改变。重组菌在5L发酵罐经甲醇诱导120h植酸酶蛋白表达量达到4mg/mL发酵液,酶活性(发酵效价)达到1.2×107IU/mL发酵液以上,较含单拷贝植酸酶基因的受体菌株表达量有较大程度提高。PCR检测及表达量分析证明改良的菌株具有很好的遗传稳定性和表达稳定性。     

利用游离型表达质粒强化毕赤酵母表达木聚糖酶

巴斯德毕赤酵母是用途广泛的蛋白表达系统。目前用于毕赤酵母的质粒主要以整合型质粒为主,很少见到游离的质粒用于外源基因的表达。文中通过将来源于酵母自身的自主复制序列连接到酵母整合型表达载体pGAP中构成自主复制的游离型表达载体pGAPZαA-PARS,将该载体用于表达木聚糖酶基因。转化毕赤酵母后同传统的整合型表达菌株相比,以甘油为碳源时最高酶活达到343 U/mL,比整合型表达提高了45.9%。同时游离载体表达重组酶比活相对整合表达提高了81.2%。为了节约发酵成本,进一步研究了分别以甘油、葡萄糖、蔗糖、混合碳源(蔗糖︰甘油=1︰2)等不同碳源下游离型重组菌株的表达水平。发现甘油表达水平最高,蔗糖最低,但是以工业葡萄糖为碳源时产酶成本最低。由于pGAP载体不需要以甲醇为碳源,因而文中所构建的游离载体pGAPZαA-PARS极大促进了毕赤酵母在食品行业中的应用。同时,游离型载体可大幅度提高表达水平,为进一步研究提高GAP启动子的高效表达奠定了基础。     

组成型表达重组人C-反应蛋白的毕赤酵母菌株构建

目的:构建组成型表达重组人C-反应蛋白(Recombinant human C-reactive protein,rhCRP)的毕赤酵母工程菌株,表达、纯化rhCRP并鉴定其免疫反应性。方法:将设计合成的rhCRP基因克隆到表达载体pGAPZαA上并转化至毕赤酵母X-33中进行组成型分泌表达,通过His亲和层析柱纯化rhCRP。分别采用SDS-PAGE、Western blot和间接ELISA法检测目的蛋白并鉴定其免疫反应性。结果:重组表达载体pGAPZαA/rhCRP经酶切及DNA测序鉴定构建成功。重组毕赤酵母工程菌株成功组成型表达23kDa的rhCRP,27h即达到最大表达水平,表达量约3mg/L。经一步分离纯化获得纯度为96.58%的rhCRP,经间接ELISA检测表明其具有免疫反应性。结论:成功构建了组成型分泌表达rhCRP的毕赤酵母菌株,为进一步自主研发人CRP检测试剂奠定了基础。     

增加植酸酶基因appA-m的拷贝提高其在巴斯德毕赤酵母的表达量

为了进一步提高植酸酶的发酵效价,降低植酸酶生产成本,对毕赤酵母表达载体pGAPZα-A进行了改造。将表达载体pPIC9的AOX1启动子序列引入pGAPZα-A,使之成为甲醇可诱导型表达载体pAOXZα, 插入植酸酶基因appA-m后得到重组载体pAOXZα-appA-m 。以染色体上带有一个拷贝的appA-m基因、发酵效价可达到7.5×10⁶IU/mL发酵液的重组酵母菌株74#为受体菌进行转化,在该重组菌株的染色体上的另一位点整合含有植酸酶基因的表达盒,经筛选到高表达植酸酶的重组子。通过PCR进行验证,植酸酶基因被整合到重组酵母的染色体上,且受体菌中原有的植酸酶基因结构未改变。重组菌在5L发酵罐经甲醇诱导120h植酸酶蛋白表达量达到4mg/mL发酵液, 酶活性(发酵效价)达到1.2×10⁷IU/mL发酵液以上, 较含单拷贝植酸酶基因的受体菌株表达量有较大程度提高。PCR检测及表达量分析证明改良的菌株具有很好的遗传稳定性和表达稳定性。     

黑曲霉阿魏酸酯酶在毕赤酵母中的组成型表达

【目的】实现黑曲霉来源的阿魏酸酯酶在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris GS115)中的组成型表达。【方法】以黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)基因组为模板,经重叠延伸PCR扩增得到阿魏酸酯酶基因(AnfaeA),将其与载体pGAP9K相连,构建重组表达载体p GAP9KAnfae A,经SalI线性化后电转入毕赤酵母GS115中,得到重组菌株。高效液相色谱法测定发酵液中阿魏酸酯酶活力,并对重组菌进行了发酵优化。【结果】克隆得到783 bp的阿魏酸酯酶编码基因并实现了其在毕赤酵母中的组成型表达。重组菌发酵84 h后,上清液中酶活达5.72±0.10 U/m L。重组酶(reAnfaeA)经分离纯化后比酶活为59.75 U/mg,大小约为40 k D。发酵优化结果为:葡萄糖40.0 g/L,蛋白胨10.0 g/L,酵母膏30.0 g/L,CaCO_3 0.2 g/L,种龄28 h,接种量3%(体积比),装液量50 m L/250 m L。在此条件下发酵培养,酶活达15.60±0.23 U/m L。【结论】阿魏酸酯酶在毕赤酵母中的组成型表达,对研究毕赤酵母组成型表达系统和阿魏酸酯酶的发酵生产具有一定的借鉴意义。     

重组人白细胞介素-1α在毕赤酵母中的表达、纯化及生物学活性检测

在毕赤酵母中分泌表达重组人白细胞介素-1α(rh IL-1α),优化rh IL-1α的发酵工艺及纯化方法,以获得高表达、高纯度具有生物学活性的rh IL-1α。通过PCR扩增获得h IL-1α基因,构建其真核表达载体p PICZαA/h IL-1α,电转化至毕赤酵母X-33,用PCR和SDS-PAGE方法筛选高效表达rh IL-1α的工程菌株并进行Western blot鉴定,DEAE弱阴离子离子交换层析一步纯化表达产物,并用MTT法初步检测其对人肝癌细胞7402的生物学作用。rh IL-1α在摇瓶规模下,经甲醇诱导4 d后表达量约为30 mg/L。Western blot检测rh IL-1α的特异性结合,获得纯度约95%,收率40%左右的rh IL-1α,并证明rh IL-1α能够抑制人肝癌细胞7402的增殖。构建了重组h IL-1α的基因工程菌,并在毕赤酵母中实现了高效表达,为进一步研究其生物学活性和功能奠定了基础。     

毕赤酵母组成型表达脂肪酶及其高通量筛选方法

【目的】获得组成型表达脂肪酶毕赤酵母,建立利用橄榄油罗丹明B平板高通量筛选组成型表达华根霉脂肪酶基因的有效方法。【方法】运用PCR技术从pGAPZαA表达载体上扩增得到GAP启动子片段,插入到表达载体pPIC9K-proRCL中,构建组成型表达载体pGAPK-proRCL。在保留含有同源双交换重组序列的诱导型启动子AOX1序列的基础上,电转化后华根霉Rhizopus chinensis CCTCC M201021脂肪酶基因proRCL表达盒在毕赤酵母基因组上发生双交换整合事件,从而组成型表达单拷贝的华根霉脂肪酶基因。【结果】重组菌发酵144 h后,脂肪酶最高酶活为130 U/mL。利用橄榄油罗丹明B平板高通量筛选组成型表达华根霉脂肪酶基因。【结论】该方法将初筛时间从12 d缩短为3 d,排除了多拷贝突变株的干扰,为后续脂肪酶的定向进化及筛选奠定了基础。     

洛伐他汀酰基转移酶在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

目的:构建并筛选高效表达洛伐他汀酰基转移酶(Lov D)的毕赤酵母重组菌株。方法:将突变的Lov D基因克隆到毕赤酵母胞外表达质粒p PIC9K和胞内表达质粒p AO815中,将重组表达质粒电转入毕赤酵母GS115中,得到毕赤酵母重组菌株,通过摇瓶发酵筛选高酶活力的重组菌株;在此基础上,研究重组菌在5L发酵罐中的高密度发酵,并将所得酶液进行辛伐他汀催化反应。结果:p PIC9K-Lov D胞外表达重组菌的酶活是p AO815-Lov D胞内表达重组菌的3倍。筛选到酶活高的p PIC9K-Lov D-3菌株进行5L发酵罐放大实验,经过96 h的甲醇诱导表达,酶活可达609.3 U/L;发酵所得酶液冻干后进行酶功效实验,反应45 h后,其底物转化率可达96%以上。结论:构建的毕赤酵母胞外表达菌株可高效表达洛伐他汀酰基转移酶,培养液上清杂蛋白较少,有利于后续分离和纯化,为洛伐他汀酰基转移酶的工业化生产奠定了基础。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV