TRPV1通道在动脉粥样硬化中的作用

瞬时感受器电位香草酸受体1型(TRPV1)又名辣椒素受体,属于瞬时感受器电位通道超家族成员,是一种非选择性阳离子通道,在哺乳动物中分布广泛,在神经组织如大脑、小脑、下丘脑、海马和非神经组织如心、肝、肾、脾等组织和器官皆有存在。TRPV1通道最初只是被发现介导痛觉传递,近年来越来越多的研究发现TRPV1通道在心血管疾病领域也扮演着重要角色。本文主要综述TRPV1通道在动脉粥样硬化性疾病方面的作用,深入认识TRPV1与动脉粥样硬化的关系,为防治动脉粥样硬化性疾病提供新的方向和思路。     

温度敏感Ca2+通透TRPV3通道的结构与功能

瞬时受体电位香草酸3(transient receptor potential vanilloid 3,TRPV3)是Ca²⁺通透的非选择阳离子通道，可被>33℃温度激活。TRPV3在皮肤屏障修复、瘙痒和炎症等疾病的发展过程中扮演重要的角色，其点突变导致以过度角化、瘙痒和脱发为特征的罕见人类遗传病—Olmsted综合征。研究表明，TRPV3是瘙痒和皮肤疾病的潜在治疗靶点，特异性抑制TRPV3可能具有应用前景。本文就TRPV3结构与功能及其病理特别是皮肤疾病相关病理的最新研究进展作一综述。     

TRPV1通道调节血管平滑肌改善高血压作用的研究进展

瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(transient receptor potential vanilloid 1,TRPV1)通道是一种非选择性阳离子通道,可以被辣椒素、高温等多种刺激因素激活。近年来多项研究表明,TRPV1通道在心血管疾病中发挥重要作用。该文旨在综述现阶段TRPV1通道在调节血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cell,VSMC)功能和降低高血压等相关疾病作用的研究进展。     

膀胱中辣椒素受体的分布和功能研究进展

膀胱中的辣椒素受体(TRPV1,VR1)主要来源于支配膀胱的感觉神经纤维和膀胱上皮细胞。表达TRPV1的初级感觉神经纤维主要分布在膀胱上皮的基层及基层下,而表达TRPV1的膀胱上皮主要是表层和基层细胞。膀胱中TRPV1的主要功能是感受伤害性刺激而致痛以及感受压力刺激而参与排尿反射。实验性膀胱炎和逼尿肌过度活动时,膀胱中的TRPV1表达增加或被磷酸化而增强其功能。通过脱敏或阻断剂以抑制TRPV1的功能,可以改善某些膀胱病变的症状。     

瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(TRPV1)在心血管疾病中的研究进展

瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(TRPV1)是TRP超家族一员,是一种非选择性阳离子通道,主要表达于血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和感觉神经元中。近来大量研究揭示了TRPV1和心血管系统之间的联系,发现TRPV1的激活在多种心血管系统疾病的进程中均发挥重要作用。本文主要综述TRPV1在心血管疾病,如高血压、动脉粥样硬化、心肌缺血及缺血再灌注中作用。深入认识TRPV1与心血管疾病的相关性及TRPV1激动剂的药理作用,将有助于为心血管疾病寻找新的治疗靶点。     

PDMS微柱阵列型拓扑结构基底增强HepG2细胞TRPV1、TRPV4通道表达及功能响应性

制备了微柱名义直径为4μm或10μm,名义间距为4μm或7μm,名义高度为4μm的聚二甲基硅氧烷微柱阵列型拓扑结构基底,研究了HepG2细胞与拓扑结构基底复合后细胞瞬时受体电位通道TRPV1、TRPV4在基因和蛋白水平的表达及其功能响应性。细胞TRPV1和TRPV4在基因水平表达的评价采用定量PCR技术进行;TRPV1和TRPV4在蛋白水平的表达以免疫印迹和免疫荧光染色确认;TRPV1和TRPV4功能响应性的研究系以TRPV1和TRPV4激动剂辣椒素和4α-佛波醇-12,13-二葵酸酯刺激细胞,采用钙离子染料钙绿-1结合激光共聚焦显微技术记录钙内流动态过程,以钙内流荧光响应幅度及阳性响应比率进行评价。实验结果表明,在四种拓扑结构基底上细胞TRPV1和TRPV4的mRNA表达量均显著高于平面基底上相应值。免疫印迹实验证实了TRPV1和TRPV4在蛋白水平的表达,且拓扑结构基底上TRPV1和TRPV4免疫荧光染色强度较之平面基底相应值明显增高或趋于增高。在激动剂作用下,TRPV1介导的钙内流表现为快速去敏感化(25秒内)的瞬态内流,且拓扑结构基底上阳性响应细胞比例或相对荧光响应幅度较之平面基底相应值增高;而拓扑结构基底上细胞TRPV4阳性响应细胞比例和相对荧光响应幅度较之平面基底均全面明显升高。上述结果表明,TRPV介导的离子信号可能是基底拓扑结构优化HepG2细胞功能表型的重要信号机制。     

TRPV1通道的功能、门控机制及其调节剂在药物研发中的应用

TRPV1 （transient receptor potential vanilloid-1）是配体门控的非选择性阳离子通道，属于瞬时受体电位通道家族，能够被多种物理和化学刺激激活。TRPV1是药物研发的重要靶点之一，其异常刺激和表达与多种疾病的发病机制有关。一直以来，TRPV1因其调节剂优异的镇痛效果而备受关注。2021年诺贝尔生理学奖对温度和触觉感受器研究工作的认可，使TRPV1再一次成为关注的焦点。TRPV1已有20多年的研究基础，但是其门控机制和药物研发仍然是研究的难点。本文从TRPV1的生理功能、门控机制和药物发现的角度出发，综述了TRPV1的表达分布、功能特点和结构特征，重点阐述了3种门控机制及TRPV1调节剂在药物发现上的进展，并对未来的TRPV1药物进行展望。     

TRPV1 研究的新亮点：TRPV1 剪接变体

TRPV1是一种非选择性阳离子通道蛋白,可被伤害性热刺激、辣椒素和氢离子等所激活。由于TRPV1在痛觉传导(尤其是炎症情况下的痛觉传导)中起重要作用,所以TRPV1的研究对临床治疗有十分重要的意义,研究也越来越深入。因为TRPV1可被多种刺激所激活,人们推论其有多个剪接变体(splice variant),不久,即证实了此设想。本文对迄今为止发现的TRPV1剪接变体做一简单综述。     

温度感受器TRPV1调节疼痛

2021年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖由戴维·朱利叶斯（David Julius）和阿德姆·帕塔普蒂安（Ardem Patapoutian）共同获得，以表彰二人分别在温度感受器辣椒素受体（TRPV1）和触觉感受器PIEZO1/2方面做出的杰出贡献. 此项工作有助于阐明神经系统如何感知冷、热和机械刺激的机制，以及开发治疗疼痛的药物. 本文简介David Julius关于能被辣椒素、 热（>43℃）、酸（pH<6.0）激活的TRPV1的开创性工作，以及TRPV1在外周和中枢敏化，从而增强癌症痛、慢性炎症痛、神经病理性痛等方向的最新成果.     

辣椒素降血压

瞬时受体电位香草酸受体1(the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1,TRPV1)分布于感觉神经系统,如三叉神经节、背根神经节等,并参与多种病理生理过程。有科学研究结果证明,TRPV1阳离子通道与多种心血管-代谢疾病(cardiometabolic     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.