大黄药材、浸膏及其清胃颗粒剂质量的RP—HPLC分析

建立适合大黄药材、大黄浸膏及清胃颗粒剂过程分析与质量控制的反相高效液相色谱方法.采用YWG-ODS 10μm(200×4.0mm ID)色谱柱,流动相组成为甲醇-水-高氯酸(75250.1V/V),检测波长254nm,流速1.0ml/min,柱温控制20℃.以芦荟大黄素、大黄素、大黄酸、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚的峰面积作为定量信息,标准曲线外标法测定样品含量.结果表明,清胃颗粒剂中五种游离蒽醌成分的平均加样回收率分别为芦荟大黄素95.61%(RSD3.05%)、大黄素98.03%(RSD2.77%)、大黄酸100.1%(RSD2.21%)、大黄酚97.49%(RSD3.64%)和大黄素甲醚96.79%(RSD4.12%).本法操作简便、检测灵敏,适合于大黄药材、大黄浸膏及清胃颗粒剂过程分析与质量控制.     

切片厚度和烘干温度对唐古特大黄蒽醌含量影响的研究

采用HPLC-DAD法测定了不同切片厚度在不同烘干温度下唐古特大黄中芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄酚的含量,探究切片厚度和烘干温度对唐古特大黄药材质量的影响。色谱柱采用的是Agilent Eclipse plus C18(4. 6×250 mm,5μm);流动相A相为色谱级别甲醇,B相为0. 1%冰乙酸溶液;柱温25℃;检测波长254 nm。结果表明:75℃烘干,切片厚度以0. 4～2 cm或6～7 cm; 25、50℃时烘干,切片0. 4～3 cm或6～8 cm,药材总蒽醌含量较高,其他厚度含量较低,芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄酚的含量也符合上述规律。结论唐古特大黄产地初加工时,75℃烘干,切片厚度以0. 4～2 cm或6～7 cm为宜; 25和50℃时烘干,切片0. 4～3 cm或6～8cm为宜,从而保证唐古特大黄药材的质量。     

高效液相色谱法检测发酵液中木糖和木糖醇

建立高效液相色谱检测发酵液中木糖和木糖醇含量的分析方法。色谱柱为HypersilNH2 柱 (4 .6mmi.d.× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ,柱温 3 5℃ ,流动相为乙腈—水 (80∶2 0 ) ,流速 1 .0mL .min 1,示差折光检测器检测。木糖和木糖醇在 3 .0～ 60mg.mL 1范围内 ,峰面积与其浓度线性关系良好 (г=0 .9995 ) ;平均回收率分别为 96.0 7% (n =5 ,RSD =0 .5 1 % )和 97.47% (n =5 ,RSD =1 .1 3 % )。方法简便、快速、准确。     

微分脉冲伏安法测定沙苑子中鼠李柠檬素类黄酮含量

在 0 .0 5 m ol/ L 硫酸铵溶液中 ,采用微分脉冲伏安法 ,测定沙苑子中鼠李柠檬素类黄酮含量。灵敏度达 10 - 6mol/ L,在 6 .10× 10 - 6～ 3.0 5× 10 - 5m ol/ L 浓度范围内峰电流与沙苑子苷浓度成线性关系 (r=0 .995 9) ,回收率达96 .9%～ 10 3.0 % (RSD=2 .5 4 % ,n=6 )。结果表明 ,可不经分离直接测定沙苑子提取液中鼠李柠檬素类黄酮的含量     

HPLC法测定头孢克肟的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定头孢克肟的含量 ,HPL C法 C1 8为填充柱 (6 .0× 15 0 mm ) ,以氢氧化四丁铵 -乙腈 (34 0 :16 0 )为流动相 ;检测波长为 2 5 4nm。结果 :线性范围为 0 .144 mg/ ml～ 0 .2 80 mg/ ml(r=0 .9999) ,平均回收率为 99.80 %,RSD=0 .2 0 %(n=3)。本法具有柱效高、经济等优点 ,优于 USP法。     

HPLC法分析不同年限及不同部位掌叶大黄9种成分的积累特征

为研究不同年限及部位掌叶大黄9种成分含量及其变化特征。利用HPLC法进行分析,色谱柱为武本C18 (5μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),流动相为甲醇-磷酸水(0.2%),检测波长260 nm,柱温30℃,体积流量1.0 mL/min,进样量10μL。线性范围良好(R^2>0.995),精密度、稳定性、重复性RSD均小于2%,加样回收率97.30%~108.20%。含量分析表明:同一部位,随着年限增加,除根中没食子酸、根茎中大黄素、叶片中大黄酚的含量无变化外,其他8成分的含量均随年限增加而增加或者第4年增加、第5年无显著变化。同一年限,大黄酚-8-O-葡萄糖苷、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的含量次序为根>根茎>叶片;3年生芦荟大黄素,4年生没食子酸、番泻苷B叶片中含量与根中大致相等且高于根茎;5年生大黄素-8-O-葡萄糖苷的含量次序为叶片>根茎>根,根与根茎中没食子酸、大黄酚的含量相当且高于叶片。本实验成功建立简便快捷、重现性好的HPLC分析方法,明确了不同年限及部位掌叶大黄9种成分积累特征,为大黄质量评价和药材高效生产提供理论依据。     

RP-HPLC法测定盾叶薯蓣细胞中薯蓣皂甙元的含量

本文采用KromasilC - 18柱 (2 5 0× 4 6mm ,5 μm ) ,甲醇∶水 =95∶5流动相 ,流速 1 0mL/min ,UV检测器 ,检测波长 2 0 8nm ,对培养的盾叶薯蓣细胞中的薯蓣皂甙元含量进行测定 ,能将薯蓣皂甙元与杂质分离开 ,薯蓣皂甙元在 3 876～ 19 38μg范围内峰面积与其浓度线性关系良好 (R =0 9993) ,样品平均回收率为97 83% ,精密度RSD为 0 2 1% (n =4 )。该法测定样品快速准确 ,重复性好     

高效液相色谱法测定大黄素在Caco-2细胞中的摄取

目的:采用反相高效液相色谱法,观察大黄素在Caco-2细胞中的摄取特点。方法:将大黄素与Caco-2细胞共同孵育,收集细胞样品,液氮反复冻融。取细胞裂解液,加入甲醇提取,提取液采用HPLC进行分析。色谱分析柱为C18柱(250mm×4．6mm,5μm,Diamonsil),流动相组成为85%乙腈及15%水(含0．1%乙酸),流速1ml·min-1,进样量20μl,柱温25℃,3D模式采集数据。结果:检测Caco-2细胞中大黄素的工作曲线的回归方程为Y=0．278x 0．148(Y=0．9996,n=5),线性范围为0．037～4．8μmol·L-1,最低检测浓度为0．018μmol·L-1。当细胞中大黄素的浓度为0．05、2和8．5μg·ml-1时,回收率分别为(101．3±7．3)%、(96．7±3．0)%和(98．7±2．1)%(n=5);相应的日内标准偏差分别为0．25%、2．9%和1．4%;相应的日间标准偏差分别为2．3%、5．6%和6．3%。大黄素在Caco-2细胞中的摄取达峰时间为10分钟,峰浓度为108．56±11．57 nmol/L·mg·protein,10分钟后Caco-2细胞中大黄素的含量迅速下降。浓度处于2-50μM之间时,Caco-2细胞对大黄素的摄取量呈线性增加,浓度达50μM后,随着剂量的增加大黄素的摄取量变化不明显。结论:大黄素可被Caco-2细胞迅速摄取,随着剂量的增加,大黄素在Caco-2细胞中的摄取存在饱和现象。     

非洲爪蟾卵母细胞GABA_B和GABA_C受体介导的电流反应

实验应用双电极电压箝技术 ,在具有滤泡膜的非洲爪蟾 (Xenopuslaevis)卵母细胞上记录到γ 氨基丁酸(γ aminobutyricacid ,GABA) 激活电流。此GABA 激活电流的特点及有关GABA受体类型的研究和分析如下 :( 1)在 3 5 5 % ( 5 5 / 15 5 )的受检细胞外加GABA可引起一慢的浓度依赖性的外向电流。 ( 2 )GABAA 受体的选择性拮抗剂bicuculline ( 10 -5mol/L)对GABA ( 10 -5mol/L)引起的外向电流无阻断作用 (n =6)。 ( 3 )GABAB 受体的选择性拮抗剂2 hydroxysaclofen ( 10 -4mol/L)能将GABA ( 10 -5mol/L)引起的外向电流可逆性地转变为内向电流 ,后者又可被GABAC 受体的选择性拮抗剂I4AA ( 10 -5mol/L)所消除 (n =6)。 ( 4 )GABAB 受体的特异性激动剂baclofen可引起部分 ( 2 0 % ,12 / 60 )受检细胞产生一慢的浓度依赖性的外向电流。 3× 10 -6 、3× 10 -5及 3× 10 -4mol/L 2 hydroxysaclofen分别阻断baclofen ( 10 -5mol/L) 激活电流 ( 6 3± 3 2 ) % ,( 4 4 1± 2 2 ) %及 ( 86 0± 1 6) % (n =6)。 ( 5 )baclofen激活电流的I V曲线显示逆转电位在 - 96 8± 7 2mV左右 ,此电流可分别被TEA ( 5mmol/L)和BaCl2 ( 2mmol/L)所阻断。以上结果提示 :在非洲爪蟾的卵母细胞上存在内源性GABAB 和GABAC 受体 ,GA     

高速逆流色谱对大黄蒽醌类成分的分离研究

利用高速逆流色谱对大黄中的5个蒽醌活性成分进行了分离,当两相溶剂系统的组成是石油醚∶乙酸乙酯∶甲醇∶水=8∶2∶8∶1时,分离出大黄素;当两相溶剂比为3∶4∶3∶2时,分离出大黄酸和芦荟大黄素;当溶剂比为12∶2∶12∶1时,分离出大黄酚和大黄素甲醚;经高压液相色谱检测大黄素、大黄酸和芦荟大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚的含量分别为98.81%9、9.15%、98.51%9、8.89%和98.16%。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.