黑色素抑制流感病毒诱导宿主细胞凋亡

报道了流感病毒体外诱导狗肾细胞系（ＭＤＣＫ）细胞凋亡的检测结果,对黑色素选择性抑制流感病毒诱导细胞凋亡的可能性进行了探讨,同时与临床上常用的抗病毒药物病毒唑的效果进行比较。结果显示：病毒感染６ｈ后,即可观测到宿主细胞核固缩现象、ＤＮＡ凝胶电泳出现特征性的梯状图谱,感染１２ｈ后,细胞核可见明显的裂解;并且流感病毒株Ａ１／京防８６１诱导细胞凋亡能力强于Ｂ沪防／９３－１;在２０～１２５μｇ／ｍＬ浓度范围内,黑色素可有效抑制６４个血凝单位（ＨＵ）的流感病毒感染诱导的细胞凋亡而无细胞毒性作用,其抑制效率类似病毒唑。初步研究结果表明：黑色素抗流感病毒诱导细胞凋亡机理与其阻断病毒吸附侵入宿主细胞有关     

嗜麦芽假单胞菌黑色素的抗氧化作用研究

采用ＮＢＴ光化学反应法测定嗜麦芽假单胞菌黑色素对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用,结果表明黑色素能明显地清除超氧阴离子自由基。４μｇ的黑色素对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率为８３．６％。黑色素有明显的抗脂质过氧化作用,能抑制鼠肝匀浆在３７℃温育下生成丙二醛,７２μｇ抑制率为９２．５％。黑色素能够降低由Ｈ２Ｏ２所致的红细胞溶血作用,经Ｈ２Ｏ２作用后,溶血率为６５．３％,经黑色素抗氧化作用后溶血率为５２．５％。     

嗜酸乳杆菌DOMLa菌株thyA基因突变株的筛选

为构建以ｔｈｙ基因为选择标记的嗜酸乳杆菌染色体－质粒致死平衡系统。我们建立了嗜酸乳杆菌ｔｈｙ基因突变菌株的筛选方法。从含有三甲氧卞氨啶（ＴＭＰ）２０μｇ／ｍｌ和胸腺嘧啶（ｔｉｈｙｍｉｄｉｎｅ）５０μｇ／ｍｌ的改良ＭＲＳ培养基因中筛选了１００株突变株,从中确定一株生物学性状稳定的菌株ＤＯＭＬａＦ８４作为进一步研究的受体侯选菌株。     

黄芪多糖和白细胞介素2对LAK细胞毒活性的调节作用

采用扶正中药黄芪的有效成分黄芪多糖（ＡＰＳ）和不同来源的白细胞介素２的伍用,探讨其对ＬＡＫ细胞毒性的调节作用,乳酸脱氢酶释放法（ＬＤＨ）测定ＬＡＫ细胞毒性的实验结果表明：ＡＰＳ自身具有增强ＬＡＫ细胞毒性的作用,有效剂量范围为１μｇ／ｍｌ￣１００μｇ／ｍｌ;ＬＡＫ细胞发挥细胞毒活性伍用一定剂量的白细胞介素２;ＡＰＳ（１０μｇ／ｍｌ）和ＩＬ－２（５００μ／ｍｌ）对ＬＡＫ细胞毒性具有非常显著的协同增强作     

小鼠腺病毒单克隆抗体的研制及初步应用

应用杂交瘤技术获得４株分泌抗小鼠腺病毒（ＭｕｒｉｎｅＡｄｅｎｏｖｉｒｕｓＭＡｄ）单克隆抗体细胞株,并对其特性进行分析。经鉴定,它们所分泌的抗体类型均为ＩｇＭ,腹水效价为１０－３～１０－６。相对亲和力分别为０．１μｇ／ｍｌ（Ａ９）、０．６５μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｂｌ）、１２．５μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｇ４）和２３μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｄ４）。与其他１０种鼠源性病毒均无交叉反应,表明ＭｃＡｂ具有良好的特异性。单抗标记ＦＩＴＣ后用于人用鼠源性单抗制品及各种传代细胞和原代细胞中ＭＡｄ检测,获得良好的实验结果。     

流感病毒感染诱导MDCK细胞调亡的研究

用荧光染色、ＤＮＡ凝胶电泳等方法检测了Ａ型流感病毒株Ａ１／京防８６－１和Ｂ型流感病毒株Ｂ／沪防９３－１诱导狗肾传代细胞（ＭＤＣＫｃｅｌｌｓ）的凋亡情况,并采用ＭＴＴ法和流式细胞仪比较了这２株病毒对ＭＤＣＫ细胞毒力和调亡诱导能力水平。结果显示：病毒感染６ｈ后,细胞ＤＮＡ发生断裂,病毒感染１２ｈ后,可见明显的染色质凝聚;在一定范围内,细胞调亡强度表现出明显的时间和剂量依赖关系;并且,Ａ型流感病毒株的毒     

PIC-BE诱导K562/ADM细胞凋亡及逆转其MDR的研究

β榄香烯吗素（ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ）是抗癌新药β榄香烯的水溶性衍生物．采用人红白血病的多药耐药性（ＭＤＲ）细胞株Ｋ５６２／ＡＤＭ作为实验模型,观察ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ对Ｋ５６２／ＡＤＭ细胞的生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用,并进而研究其对该细胞ＭＤＲ的可能影响．结果显示：（１）Ｋ５６２／ＡＤＭ细胞对ＡＤＭ具有明显的抗性,与Ｋ５６２细胞相比,抗性倍数约为４０倍,而两者对ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ的ＩＣ５０接近,无显著差异;（２）ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ（１０．０～３０．０μｇ／ｍｌ）对Ｋ５６２／ＡＤＭ细胞具有明显的生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用,两种作用的强度在一定的范围内均具药物浓度和作用时间依赖性;（３）低毒剂量ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ（１０．０μｇ／ｍｌ）与ＡＤＭ（４．０μｇ／ｍｌ）联合应用,可显著增强ＡＤＭ对该细胞的生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用,升高细胞内ＡＤＭ的浓度,降低该细胞对ＡＤＭ的ＩＣ５０,使该细胞对ＡＤＭ的抗性有数倍逆转．上述结果提示,ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ不仅是一种有效的广谱抗肿瘤剂,而且也是一种有效的ＭＤＲ逆转剂     

用多寄主质粒pSUP106转化荧光假单胞菌Pfx—18

构建了荧光假单胞菌工程菌的转化系统,探索了多寄主质粒ｐＳＵＰ １０６在不同ＣａＣｌ２浓度、不同热激时间和荧光假单胞菌受体在不同生长期的转化频率,建立了一个简便可行的荧光假单胞菌转化方法。结果表明,在荧光假单胞菌Ｐｆｘ－１８生长到０Ｄ６００≈０．５５时,用２５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ＣａＣｌ２处理细胞,热激２ｍｉｎ,转化频率最高,可达１０＆５／ｎｇ ＤＮＡ。同时讨论了Ｍｎ＾２＋和Ｍｇ＾２＋对转化频率的影响,以     

喹诺酮类药物抗乙型肝炎病毒体外实验研究

本文以２．２．１５细胞株为模型,以ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ、细胞存活率为观察指标,综合评价了喹诺酮类药物吡哌酸（ＰｉｐｅｍｉｄｉｃＡｃｉｄ）、氟哌酸（Ｎｏｒｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ）、环丙氟哌酸（Ｃｉｐｒｏｆｌｏｓｘａｃｉｎ）、氟嗪酸（Ｏｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ）体外抗ＨＢＶ效果。结果表明：吡哌酸、氟哌酸、环丙氟哌酸、氟嗪酸对ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ５０％抑制浓度（ＩＤ＿（５０））分别为１１μｇ／ｍｌ、６４μｇ／ｍｌ、９３μｇ／ｍｌ、１０５μｇ／ｍｌ和１９９μｇ／ｍｌ、１１１μｇ／ｍｌ、２４μｇ／ｍｌ、２１７μｇ／ｍｌ,细胞存活率为５０％时的药物浓度（ＣＤ＿（５０））分别为２１９μｇ／ｍｌ、９０μｇ／ｍｌ、１８１μｇ／ｍｌ、１６９μｇ／ｍｌ,在所选定的用药浓度范围内不同程度抑制培养上清液及细胞内ＨＢＶＤＮＡ及其复制中间体的产生。尤其对超螺旋结构ＤＮＡ（ｓｃＤＮＡ）有不完全抑制作用。     

人肾细胞癌细胞阳离子脂质体的转染效率

以ＭＴＳ染色法测定实验剂量的Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ对细胞的毒性作用,以β－半乳糖苷酶基因为报告基因,通过Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ而转染,用Ｘ－ｇａｌ染色法,测定转染效率,结果表明实验剂量（１０μｇ／ｍｌ）的Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ对细胞生长无明显毒性。Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ对多数肾细胞癌细胞的转染是有效的,且转染效率随Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ 度的增高（２．５－１０μｇ／ｍｌ）而增高,说明Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ可安     

黑色素及谷胱甘肽通过抑制NF-κB途径的激活可有效抑制H 5N1禽流感病毒感染

我国是H5N1高致病性禽流感频发区.为筛选天然药物用于H5N1禽流感的防治并研究其抗病毒感染的作用机制,本研究选取黑色素及谷胱甘肽（GSH）为候选药物,通过Hoechst 33258荧光染色,观察了禽流感病毒(AIV)感染后的细胞形态变化;细胞凋亡流式细胞术定量分析表明,H5N1 AIV感染可诱导宿主狗肾上皮细胞(MDCK)凋亡,而黑色素及GSH对其具有显著抑制作用(P<0.01);当20 μg/ml黑色素及10 mmol/LGSH共同作用时,抑制率高达89% (P <0.01);采用MTT法检测,黑色素及GSH可增强AIV感染后的宿主细胞存活率;病毒血凝素(Ｈa)基因的RT-PCR检测结果表明,黑色素及GSH可显著降低AIV在宿主细胞内的增殖(P<0.01);一氧化氮（NO）毛细管电泳（CE）激光诱导荧光检测显示,黑色素及GSH均可显著降低病毒感染诱导宿主细胞内的NO释放量(P<0.05);RT-PCR技术结合ELISA方法,分别分析了病毒感染后宿主细胞的诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）、环氧化酶(cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2)及核因子κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB）在mRNA和蛋白水平表达的差异.结果表明,黑色素及GSH可抑制病毒感染诱导的iNOS与COX-2的基因及蛋白的表达 (P<0.05),并进而抑制NF-κB途径的激活(P<0.01),从而可有效抑制H5N1 AIV感染.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸体外对流感病毒H1N1的抑制作用

目的探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸（N—acetylcysteine,NAC）在体外对流感病毒H1N1的抑制作用。方法采用MTT法、鸡胚接种法和免疫荧光法,观察NAC对流感病毒HlM的抑制作用。采用血球凝集试验、神经氨酸酶活性抑制试验和透射电镜负染技术,初步探讨NAC对流感病毒HlM的抑制机制。结果NAC在MDCK细胞上的最大无毒剂量是6．25mg／mL;流感病毒H1Nl在MDCK细胞上的半数致死感染浓度（TCID-50）为1012-2.25／100μ;在三种作用途径下（治疗性给药、预防性给药和直接灭活后给药）,NAC明显抑制了流感病毒HlNl对MDCK细胞的感染,细胞存活率分别为91．88％、93．21％、94．67％,在对照组,流感病毒H1N1感染后的细胞存活率为28．32％,两者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;免疫荧光结果显示,与病毒对照组形成的强特异性荧光相比,三种作用途径感染MDCK细胞后的特异性荧光明显减弱;鸡胚培养法的结果显示,NAC明显抑制了流感病毒H1N1在鸡胚内的增殖,实验组血凝效价低于1：2,对照组血凝效价为1：1024;神经氨酸酶活性抑制试验和透射电镜的结果显示,NAC能够明显抑制流感病毒川N1的神经氨酸酶活性,对流感病毒H1N1的病毒体结构也有明显的破坏作用。结论NAC在体外对流感病毒川N1有明显的抑制作用,其抑制机制可能与NAC对流感病毒血凝素和神经氨酸酶活性抑制及病毒体的直接破坏有关。     

Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication and cytopathicity by synthetic soluble catecholamine melanins in vitro

Synthetic soluble melanins were synthesized by spontaneous oxidation of L-dopamine, norepinephrine or 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in weak alkaline solution. These three melanins inhibited infection of human CD4+ lymphoblastoid cells (MT-2) by cell-free human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), without cell toxicity, at concentrations of 0.15-10 micrograms/ml. Also, syncytium formation and resulting cytopathic effects when uninfected cells were mixed with chronic HIV-1-infected cells were blocked by these melanins. Antisyncytial activity was greater when infected cells were preincubated with melanin than when uninfected cells were preincubated with melanin, thus suggesting that interaction of melanin with viral proteins is an important aspect of the antiviral mechanism. These results make synthetic soluble melanins interesting candidates for further study as possible anti-HIV-1 therapeutics.     

MDCK细胞微载体悬浮培养放大工艺研究

MDCK细胞对各种流感病毒具有高度敏感性,广泛应用于流感病毒的分离和疫苗制备.通过探索培养基中促进细胞贴壁的关键组分,并筛选水解物,开发了适合MDCK细胞生长的低血清培养基.发现钙、镁离子是细胞贴壁不可缺少的物质,麦麸水解物可以部分代替培养基中的血清.利用该低血清培养基,经过消化转移将MDCK细胞从5L反应器放大至25 L反应器,微载体上细胞贴附均匀、生长旺盛,25 L反应器中培养48 h细胞密度可达30.5×105 cells/ml.研究结果为工业规模反应器微载体悬浮培养MDCK细胞生产流感病毒奠定了基础.     

Isolation of canine rotavirus and study of its immunobiological properties]

Canine rotavirus was isolated in MA104 roller culture of rhesus macaque cells. Two passages in gnotobiotic puppies and two in colostrum-free puppies resulted in isolation of strain P of canine rotavirus. After 20 passages in MA104 culture the virus was adapted to MDCK culture. Optimal conditions for accumulation of canine rotavirus and its antigen (9.01 g TCD50/ml) in MDCK culture are trypsin pretreatment of the virus inoculate in the final concentration of 50 mcg/ml for 30 min at 37 degrees C, presence of trypsin (10 mcg/ml) in the maintenance medium, multiplicity of infection 0.1 TCD50/ml, and incubation in roller culture at 37 degrees C during 24-30 h. After 60 passages in cell culture, canine rotavirus completely lost its virulence for colostrum-free puppies but retained antigenic activity and induced manifest seroconversion in infected.     

Comparison of Different Cell Substrates on the Measurement of Human Influenza Virus Neutralizing Antibodies

Eight cell lines were systematically compared for their permissivity to primary infection, replication, and spread of seven human influenza viruses. Cell lines were of human origin (Caco-2, A549, HEp-2, and NCI-H292), monkey (Vero, LLC-MK2), mink (Mv1 Lu), and canine (MDCK). The influenza viruses included seasonal types and subtypes and a pandemic virus. The MDCK, Caco-2, and Mv1 Lu cells were subsequently compared for their capacity to report neutralization titers at day one, three and six post-infection. A gradient of sensitivity to primary infection across the eight cell lines was observed. Relative to MDCK cells, Mv1 Lu reported higher titers and the remaining six cell lines reported lower titers. The replication and spread of the seven influenza viruses in the eight cell substrates was determined using hemagglutinin expression, cytopathic effect, and neuraminidase activity. Virus growth was generally concordant with primary infection, with a gradient in virus replication and spread. However, Mv1 Lu cells poorly supported virus growth, despite a higher sensitivity to primary infection. Comparison of MDCK, Caco-2, and Mv1 Lu in neutralization assays using defined animal antiserum confirmed MDCK cells as the preferred cell substrate for influenza virus testing. The results observed for neutralization at one day post-infection showed MDCK cells were similar (<1 log₂ lower) or superior (>1 log₂ higher) for all seven viruses. Relative to Caco-2 and Mv1 Lu cells, MDCK generally reported the highest titers at three and six days post-infection for the type A viruses and lower titers for the type B viruses and the pandemic H9N2 virus. The reduction in B virus titer was attributed to the complete growth of type B viruses in MDCK cells before day three post-infection, resulting in the systematic underestimation of neutralization titers. This phenomenon was also observed with Caco-2 cells.     

High Yield Production of Influenza Virus in Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) Cells with Stable Knockdown of IRF7

Influenza is a serious public health problem that causes a contagious respiratory disease. Vaccination is the most effective strategy to reduce transmission and prevent influenza. In recent years, cell-based vaccines have been developed with continuous cell lines such as Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and Vero. However, wild-type influenza and egg-based vaccine seed viruses will not grow efficiently in these cell lines. Therefore, improvement of virus growth is strongly required for development of vaccine seed viruses and cell-based influenza vaccine production. The aim of our research is to develop novel MDCK cells supporting highly efficient propagation of influenza virus in order to expand the capacity of vaccine production. In this study, we screened a human siRNA library that involves 78 target molecules relating to three major type I interferon (IFN) pathways to identify genes that when knocked down by siRNA lead to enhanced production of influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 in A549 cells. The siRNAs targeting 23 candidate genes were selected to undergo a second screening pass in MDCK cells. We examined the effects of knockdown of target genes on the viral production using newly designed siRNAs based on sequence analyses. Knockdown of the expression of a canine gene corresponding to human IRF7 by siRNA increased the efficiency of viral production in MDCK cells through an unknown process that includes the mechanisms other than inhibition of IFN-α/β induction. Furthermore, the viral yield greatly increased in MDCK cells stably transduced with the lentiviral vector for expression of short hairpin RNA against IRF7 compared with that in control MDCK cells. Therefore, we propose that modified MDCK cells with lower expression level of IRF7 could be useful not only for increasing the capacity of vaccine production but also facilitating the process of seed virus isolation from clinical specimens for manufacturing of vaccines.     

两种传代细胞系对轮状病毒D36株(P[4]G2)敏感性的比较

目的探讨轮状病毒D36株在MDCK细胞和Vero细胞上培养的适应性,确定其培养的最佳细胞基质及培养条件。方法将D36株以MOI 1.0按不同培养瓶分组接种MDCK细胞和Vero细胞,补充含有不同浓度胰酶的维持液,于不同时间观察两种细胞病变的情况,同时抽样检测病毒滴度,分析两种细胞对D36株的敏感性。结果D36株病毒感染MDCK细胞后第6天病毒滴度达到最高,为(5.00～5.50)lgCCID50/mL;而D36株病毒感染Vero细胞后病毒滴度于第8天达高峰,为(4.50～4.75)lgCCID50/mL。另外,在两种细胞维持液中加入约0.8μg/mL的胰酶均可提高病毒滴度。结论两种细胞系在同等条件下感染D36株病毒后,MDCK细胞比Vero细胞出现病变的时间早,每一批MDCK细胞培养物病毒滴度高于同批次试验的Vero细胞培养物。     

Broad-spectrum antiviral effect of Agrimonia pilosa extract on influenza viruses

Influenza virus continues to emerge and re-emerge, posing new threats for humans. Here we tested various Korean medicinal plant extracts for potential antiviral activity against influenza viruses. Among them, an extract of Agrimonia pilosa was shown to be highly effective against all three subtypes of human influenza viruses including H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A subtypes and influenza B virus. The EC₅₀ value against influenza A virus, as tested by the plaque reduction assay on MDCK cells, was 14–23 μg/ml. The extract also exhibited a virucidal effect at a concentration of 160–570 ng/ml against influenza A and B viruses when the viruses were treated with the extract prior to plaque assay. In addition, when tested in embryonated chicken eggs the extract exhibited a strong inhibitory effect in ovo on the H9N2 avian influenza virus at a concentration of 280 ng/ml. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis data showed that the extract, to some degree, suppressed viral RNA synthesis in MDCK cells. HI and inhibition of neuraminidase were observed only at high concentrations of the extract. And yet, the extract's antiviral activity required direct contact between it and the virus, suggesting that its antiviral action is mediated by the viral membrane, but does not involve the two major surface antigens, HA and NA, of the virus. The broad-spectrum antiviral activity of Agrimonia pilosa extract on various subtypes of influenza viruses merits further investigation as it may provide a means of managing avian influenza infections in poultry farms and potential avian-human transmission.