黄芪多糖和白细胞介素2对LAK细胞毒活性的调节作用

采用扶正中药黄芪的有效成分黄芪多糖（ＡＰＳ）和不同来源的白细胞介素２的伍用,探讨其对ＬＡＫ细胞毒性的调节作用,乳酸脱氢酶释放法（ＬＤＨ）测定ＬＡＫ细胞毒性的实验结果表明：ＡＰＳ自身具有增强ＬＡＫ细胞毒性的作用,有效剂量范围为１μｇ／ｍｌ￣１００μｇ／ｍｌ;ＬＡＫ细胞发挥细胞毒活性伍用一定剂量的白细胞介素２;ＡＰＳ（１０μｇ／ｍｌ）和ＩＬ－２（５００μ／ｍｌ）对ＬＡＫ细胞毒性具有非常显著的协同增强作     

影响非洲绿猴肾细胞脂质体转染效率的因素

已有实验表明,细胞转染效率可能决定于ＤＮＡ－脂质体复合物的形成以及所转染的细胞种类。利用脂质体ＬｉｐｏｆｅｃｔＡＭＩＮＥ,研究了影响Ｖｅｒｏ细胞转染效率的参数如ＤＮＡ和脂质体的用量,转染的细胞数量以及细胞暴露于ＤＮＡ－脂质体复合物的时间长度。通过检测报告基因β－半乳糖苷酶（β－ｇａｌ）的表达,发现最高转染率只在一较窄范围内获得。β－ｇａｌ的表达随脂质体量增加而显著增加。在标准转染条件下,增加ＤＮＡ用量和延长细胞暴露时间反而使转染效率下降。转染细胞数量为４×１０４细胞／２４孔时,细胞转染效率最高。     

喹诺酮类药物抗乙型肝炎病毒体外实验研究

本文以２．２．１５细胞株为模型,以ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ、细胞存活率为观察指标,综合评价了喹诺酮类药物吡哌酸（ＰｉｐｅｍｉｄｉｃＡｃｉｄ）、氟哌酸（Ｎｏｒｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ）、环丙氟哌酸（Ｃｉｐｒｏｆｌｏｓｘａｃｉｎ）、氟嗪酸（Ｏｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ）体外抗ＨＢＶ效果。结果表明：吡哌酸、氟哌酸、环丙氟哌酸、氟嗪酸对ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ５０％抑制浓度（ＩＤ＿（５０））分别为１１μｇ／ｍｌ、６４μｇ／ｍｌ、９３μｇ／ｍｌ、１０５μｇ／ｍｌ和１９９μｇ／ｍｌ、１１１μｇ／ｍｌ、２４μｇ／ｍｌ、２１７μｇ／ｍｌ,细胞存活率为５０％时的药物浓度（ＣＤ＿（５０））分别为２１９μｇ／ｍｌ、９０μｇ／ｍｌ、１８１μｇ／ｍｌ、１６９μｇ／ｍｌ,在所选定的用药浓度范围内不同程度抑制培养上清液及细胞内ＨＢＶＤＮＡ及其复制中间体的产生。尤其对超螺旋结构ＤＮＡ（ｓｃＤＮＡ）有不完全抑制作用。     

影响非洲猴肾细胞脂质体转染效率的因素

已有实验表明,细胞转染效率可能决定于ＤＮＡ－脂质体复合物的形成以及所转染的细胞种类。利用脂质体ＬｉｐｏｆｅｃｔＡＭＩＮＥ,研究了影响Ｖｅｒｏ细胞转染效率的参数如ＤＮＡ和脂质体的用量,转染的细胞数量以及细胞暴露子ＤＮＡ－脂质体复合物的时间长度。通过检测报告基因β－半乳糖苷酶（β－ｇａｌ）的表达,发现最高转染率在一较窄范围内获得。β－ｇａｌ的表达随脂质体量增加而显著增加。在标准转染条件下,增加ＤＮＡ用     

小鼠腺病毒单克隆抗体的研制及初步应用

应用杂交瘤技术获得４株分泌抗小鼠腺病毒（ＭｕｒｉｎｅＡｄｅｎｏｖｉｒｕｓＭＡｄ）单克隆抗体细胞株,并对其特性进行分析。经鉴定,它们所分泌的抗体类型均为ＩｇＭ,腹水效价为１０－３～１０－６。相对亲和力分别为０．１μｇ／ｍｌ（Ａ９）、０．６５μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｂｌ）、１２．５μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｇ４）和２３μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｄ４）。与其他１０种鼠源性病毒均无交叉反应,表明ＭｃＡｂ具有良好的特异性。单抗标记ＦＩＴＣ后用于人用鼠源性单抗制品及各种传代细胞和原代细胞中ＭＡｄ检测,获得良好的实验结果。     

pH敏脂质体对反义寡核苷酸抗流感病毒活性的影响

为了研究具有临床应用前景的 Ａ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ Ｎ 脂质体转运系统,以临床药用大豆磷脂为主要原料制备了ｐ Ｈ 敏脂质体,并测定了脂质体体外转染活性、ｐ Ｈ 敏特性、细胞毒性和对 Ａ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ Ｎ 抗流感病毒活性的影响 结果发现,批号为 ９８０５１９０３,９８０５１１０２ 和 ９８０５１２０２ 的脂质体具有较高转染活性,但只有ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ 转染活性的 １／５０～１／１００当质粒／脂质体（ Ｗ ／ Ｗ ）为 １∶４～１∶８,转染时间为 ３～５ ｈ,质粒量为 ０５ μｇ,转染后 ２４～４８ ｈ 内检测时转染活性最高 脂质体 ９８０５１２０２ 表现明显 ｐ Ｈ值依赖溶解红细胞膜特性,而脂质体 ９８０５１１０２ 和 ９８０５１９０３ 的 ｐ Ｈ 敏特性不明显 脂质体细胞毒性明显降低,如 ９８０５１９０３、９８０５１１０２ 和 ９８０５１２０２ 的毒性分别是 ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ 毒性的 １／１６、１／８ 和 １／４ｐ Ｈ 敏脂质体 ９８０５１２０２ 具有促进 Ａ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ Ｎ 抗流感病毒作用,当 Ａ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ Ｎ 浓度为 ０２ μｍ ｏｌ／ Ｌ 时,ｐ Ｈ 敏脂质体 ９８０５１２０２ 使其抗病毒活性提高 ５ 倍,但 Ａ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ Ｎ 浓度较高时ｐ Ｈ 敏脂质体对 Ａ Ｓ Ｏ Ｄ Ｎ抗     

细菌荧光酶报告基因载体构建及在Hela细胞中的表达

采用ＰＣＲ点突变技术,构建含有细菌荧光酶融合ｌｕｘＡＢ报告基因的重组哺乳动物载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｌｕｘＡＢ,脂质体ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ转染和Ｇ４１８抗性筛选稳定转染的Ｈｅｌａ细胞。ＰＣＲ和酶切电泳证明构建的正确性;经稳定转染ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｌｕｘＡＢ的Ｈｅｌａ细胞,用发光仪可测得较强的发光强度（最大值为４．１２ｍＶ／４０μｇ细胞总蛋白粗提物）。而亲本及ｐｃＤＮＡ３稳定转染的Ｈｅｌａ细胞则在本底值范围,ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｌｕｘＡＢ稳定转染与亲本及ｐｃＤＮＡ３稳定转染的Ｈｅｌａ细胞在细胞形态和培养条件等方面无明显差异。本工作为细菌荧光酶作为报告基因在肿瘤细胞中的表达和应用建立了基础。     

PIC-BE诱导K562/ADM细胞凋亡及逆转其MDR的研究

β榄香烯吗素（ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ）是抗癌新药β榄香烯的水溶性衍生物．采用人红白血病的多药耐药性（ＭＤＲ）细胞株Ｋ５６２／ＡＤＭ作为实验模型,观察ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ对Ｋ５６２／ＡＤＭ细胞的生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用,并进而研究其对该细胞ＭＤＲ的可能影响．结果显示：（１）Ｋ５６２／ＡＤＭ细胞对ＡＤＭ具有明显的抗性,与Ｋ５６２细胞相比,抗性倍数约为４０倍,而两者对ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ的ＩＣ５０接近,无显著差异;（２）ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ（１０．０～３０．０μｇ／ｍｌ）对Ｋ５６２／ＡＤＭ细胞具有明显的生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用,两种作用的强度在一定的范围内均具药物浓度和作用时间依赖性;（３）低毒剂量ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ（１０．０μｇ／ｍｌ）与ＡＤＭ（４．０μｇ／ｍｌ）联合应用,可显著增强ＡＤＭ对该细胞的生长抑制和凋亡诱导作用,升高细胞内ＡＤＭ的浓度,降低该细胞对ＡＤＭ的ＩＣ５０,使该细胞对ＡＤＭ的抗性有数倍逆转．上述结果提示,ＰＩＣ－ＢＥ不仅是一种有效的广谱抗肿瘤剂,而且也是一种有效的ＭＤＲ逆转剂     

细菌荧光酶报告基因载体构建及在Hela细胞中的表达*

采用ＰＣＲ点突变技术,构建含有细菌荧光酶融合ｌｕｘＡＢ报告基因的重组哺乳动物载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｌｕｘＡＢ,脂质体ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ转染和Ｇ４１８抗性筛选稳定转染的Ｈｅｌａ细胞。ＰＣＲ和酶切电泳证明构建的正确性;经稳定转染ｐｃＤＮＡ_３－ｌｕｘＡＢ的Ｈｅｌａ细胞,用发光仪可测得较强的发光强度（最大值为４．１２ｍＶ／４０μｇ细胞总蛋白粗提物）。而亲本及ｐｃＤＮＡ_３稳定转染的Ｈｅｌａ细胞则在本底值范围,ｐｃＤＮＡ_３<     

SA脂质体介导DNA转染细胞的进一步研究

ＳＡ脂质体可高效介导ＤＮＡ转染ＣＶ－１细胞,本文进步研究表明,ＳＡ脂质体还可介导ＤＮＡ高效瞬时和稳定地转染ＣＨＯ和ＣＯＳ细胞。ＳＡ脂质体和ＤＮＡ形成复合物可保护ＤＡＮ不被核酸内切酶和ＤＮａｓｅＩ降解。荧光标记和细胞松驰素Ｂ抑制实验分别表明,ＳＡ脂质体易被细胞吸附,主要通过内吞传送ＤＮＡ进入细胞,而Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ主要通过融合传送ＤＮＡ进细胞。     

Asialoglycoprotein receptor and liposome synergistically mediate the gene transfer into primary rat hepatocytes

Gene transfer into primary rat hepatocytes was performed by employing cationic liposome as DNA carrier and the specific ligand of hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), asialofetuin, as liver-targeting ligand. The resuits showed that asialofetuin, when added to the gene transfer complexes, could significantly increase the hepatocyte transfeetion efficiency, and alleviate the cellular toxicity of Lipofectin. Several synthetic ligands of ASGPR (galactosyl albumin) could also increase the transfection efficiency of hepatocyte like asialofetuin. It was proved that ASGPR and cationic liposome could synergistically mediate the gene transfer into primary rat hepatoeytes. This novel gene delivery system provided a safer, more simple and efficient gene transfer method for primary hepatocytes, and showed prospecting application in hepatic gene therapy.     

Asialoglycoprotein receptor and liposome synergistically mediate the gene transfer into primary rat hepatocytes

Gene transfer into primary rat hepatocytes was performed by employing cationic liposome as DNA carrier and the specific ligand of hepatic asialoglycopmtein receptor (ASGPR), asialofetuin, as liver-targeting ligand. The results showed that asialofetuin, when added to the gene transfer complexes, could significantly increase the hepatocyte transfection efficiency, and alleviate the cellular toxicity of Lipofectin. Several synthetic ligands of ASGPR (galactosyl albumin) could also increase the transfection efficiency of hepatocyte like asialofetuin. It was proved that ASGPR and cationic liposome could synergistically mediate the gene transfer into primary rat hepatocytes. This novel gene delivery system provided a safer, more simple and efficient gene transfer method for primary hepatocytes, and showed prospecting application in hepatic gene therapy.     

阳离子脂质体介导RNA干扰的效果评价

考察自制的肽型阳离子脂质体CDO14作为RNA转染载体的细胞毒性及其运载si RNA进行RNA干扰的效果。通过MTT法检测脂质体对稳定表达荧光素酶的肺癌A549(Luc-A549)细胞的毒性。以脂质体为载体将荧光素酶si RNA(Luc-si RNA)转染至Luc-A549细胞内,用发光仪检测转染细胞内荧光素酶含量,BCA法检测细胞内总蛋白含量。在裸鼠腋下接种Luc-A549细胞,成瘤后尾静脉注射Luc-si RNA和脂质体的复合物,利用活体成像系统检测模型小鼠体内荧光素酶的表达量。细胞毒性实验表明,自制脂质体的毒性与商品脂质体DOTAP相近,低于商品脂质体Lipo2000;细胞转染实验表明自制脂质体作为基因转染载体的转染效率高于DOTAP;体内转染实验表明CDO14作为载体转染效果优于DOTAP。结果表明,肽型阳离子脂质体CDO14具有毒性小、转染效率高等优点,有望作为转染载体用于基因治疗。     

Unique features of a pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide that improves the transfection efficiency of cationic liposomes

BACKGROUND: One of the critical steps in intracellular gene delivery using cationic liposomes is the endosomal escape of the plasmid/liposome complexes to the cytosol. The addition of GALA, a pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide, is a promising method to accelerate this step in order to enhance the expression of the desired proteins. Detailed studies on the methods of enhancement would broaden the horizon of its application. METHODS: Using representative commercially available cationic liposomes (Lipofectin, Lipofectamine, and Lipofectamine 2000), the effects of GALA on transfection efficiency were studied by luciferase assay and confocal microscopic observations. RESULTS: A concentration-dependent increase in the transfection efficiency was observed for GALA. Addition of 0.1 microM GALA to the plasmid/liposome complex significantly increased the transfection efficiency, especially in the case of Lipofectin, but higher concentration of GALA decreased transfection efficiency. Successful reduction in the liposomal dosage was attained by employing GALA while maintaining a high transfection efficiency. Interestingly, although the transfection efficiency was higher in the presence of GALA, a lower amount of the plasmid DNA was taken up by the cells. Confocal microscopic observations of the rhodamine-labeled plasmid did not show a significant difference in the cellular localization among cells incubated in the presence or absence of GALA, suggesting that a slight increase in GALA-induced release of the plasmid to the cytosol may cause a significant change in the transfection efficiency. CONCLUSION: The unique features of GALA to mediate improved transfection efficiencies were identified.     

Use of a quaternary ammonium detergent in liposome mediated DNA transfection of mouse L-cells

Sonicated liposomes composed of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and a quaternary ammonium detergent (dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, or cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide) mediates functional transfer of pSV2 CAT plasmid DNA to mouse L929 fibroblasts. Successful transfection was determined by assaying for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in cell lysates collected 40 h after exposure to the lipid-DNA complexes. Liposomes prepared with the quaternary ammonium detergents were less toxic than the free detergents at the same concentrations and were more efficient in their delivery of the plasmid DNA to the cells. Analysis of the three detergents in combination with the lipid showed that cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was least toxic to the cells. This detergent, at a minimal concentration of 20 mol% in DOPE, allowed for stable liposome preparations and efficient transfection. Optimal efficiency of transfection occurred with 30 micrograms of DNA. Further increases in the DNA concentration caused a decrease in the transfection efficiency, perhaps due to charge repulsions between the liposomes now saturated with negatively charged DNA and the negatively charged cell surface. The transfection activity of the liposome was limited by its cytotoxicity at high liposome concentrations. These results are compared with that of the Lipofectin, another positively charged liposome preparation which is commercially available. Although the overall transfection activity of the liposome containing the quaternary ammonium detergent is somewhat lower than that of the Lipofectin, it may serve as an inexpensive and convenient alternative.     

Effectiveness of liposomes to transfect livestock fibroblasts

The development of an efficient transfection system in livestock cells is an important step towards investigating gene transfer and the functioning and production of transgenic animals. Important factors involved in cationic liposome mediated gene transfer were evaluated through in vitro transfection of bovine, caprine and ovine fibroblast cells. Transfection of plasmid DNA complexes of different commercially available liposomes (Lipofectamine, Lipofectin, Cellfectin and DMRIE-C; Gibco-BRL, USA) was evaluated utilizing the following parameters: DNA/liposome ratio, cell density, DNA conformation, and the effect of transfection time on the efficiency of bovine fibroblasts to express a reporter gene. The effects and concentrations of liposomes were also evaluated in caprine and ovine fibroblasts. Lipofectamine alone and Lipofectamine with Plus reagent induced high-frequency expression of beta-galactosidase and neo genes in all cells evaluated (47 and 88.3%, respectively). Regarding phenotype, chromosomal stability was similar in transfected and non-transfected cells. The parameters set in this study will establish a foundation for utilizing transfected fibroblast cells to generate transgenic animals through nuclear transfer technology and gene function studies.     

A new cationic liposome for efficient gene delivery with serum into cultured human cells: a quantitative analysis using two independent fluorescent probes

Cationic liposomes are useful to transfer genes into eukaryotic cells in vitro and in vivo. However, liposomes with good transfection efficiency are often cytotoxic, and also require serum-free conditions for optimal activity. In this report, we describe a new formulation of cationic liposome containing DC-6-14, O,O'-ditetradecanoyl-N-(alpha-trimethylammonioacetyl)diethan olamine chloride, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and cholesterol for gene delivery into cultured human cells. This liposome, dispersed in 5% serum-containing growth medium, efficiently delivered a plasmid DNA for GFP (green fluorescent protein) into more than 80% of the cultured human cell hybrids derived from HeLa cells and normal fibroblasts. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the efficiency of the GFP gene expression was 40-50% in a tumor-suppressed cell hybrid, while it was greatly reduced in the tumorigenic counterpart. The enhanced GFP expression in tumor-suppressed cell hybrids was quantitatively well correlated with a prolonged presence of the plasmid DNA, which had been labeled with another fluorescent probe, ethidium monoazide, within the cells. These results suggest that a newly developed cationic liposome is useful for gene delivery in serum-containing medium into human cells and the stability of the plasmid DNA inside the cell is a crucial step in this liposome-mediated gene expression. The mechanisms by which cationic liposome mediates gene transfer into eukaryotic cells are also discussed.     

Rapid delivery of small interfering RNA by biosurfactant MEL-A-containing liposomes

The downregulation of gene expression by RNA interference holds great potential for genetic analysis and gene therapy. However, a more efficient delivery system for small interfering RNA (siRNA) into the target cells is required for wide fields such as cell biology, physiology, and clinical application. Non-viral vectors are stronger candidates than viral vectors because they are safer and easier to prepare. We have previously used a new method for gene transfection by combining cationic liposomes with the biosurfactant mannosylerythritol lipid-A (MEL-A). The novel MEL-A-containing cationic liposomes rapidly delivered DNA (plasmids and oligonucleotides) into the cytosol and nucleus through membrane fusion between liposomes and the plasma membrane, and consequently, enhanced the gene transfection efficiency. In this study, we determined the efficiency of MEL-A-containing cationic liposomes for siRNA delivery. We observed that exogenous and endogenous protein expression was suppressed by approximately 60% at 24 h after brief (30 min) incubation of target cells with MEL-A-containing cationic liposome/siRNA complexes. Confocal microscopic analysis showed that suppression of protein expression was caused by rapid siRNA delivery into the cytosol. We found that the MEL-A-containing cationic liposomes directly delivered siRNA into the cytoplasm by the membrane fusion in addition to endocytotic pathway whereas Lipofectamine™ RNAiMax delivered siRNA only by the endocytotic pathway. It seems that the ability to rapidly and directly deliver siRNA into the cytosol using MEL-A-containing cationic liposomes is able to reduce immune responses, cytotoxicity, and other side effects caused by viral vectors in clinical applications.     

Cationic lipid-mediated transfection of liver cells in primary culture.

We describe transfection of DNA into parenchymal and individual non-parenchymal cell populations from adult rat liver in early primary culture, using cationic lipid as the carrier. All cell populations were transfectable, although lipid requirements varied by cell type and, for hepatocytes, with the age of the culture. For hepatocytes in early primary culture (2-10 hours after plating), pure DOTMA (N-[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride) was strikingly more effective than commercial formulations (Lipofectin or TransfectACE) containing components in addition to, or other than DOTMA. For hepatocytes fully adapted to culture (approximately 48 hours after plating), pure DOTMA and Lipofectin were similarly effective. Under optimal conditions, about 10% of hepatocytes expressed the transfected reporter gene. CAT expression in hepatocytes doubled from 48 hours to 7 days after transfection. The effect of culture substratum on transfection efficiency also was examined. The presence of basement membrane-like matrix (EHS gel) reduced uptake of the DNA-lipid complex. However, cells in early culture that were transfected on collagen and then replated on EHS gel, displayed significantly greater reporter gene activity than did cells maintained throughout on collagen. In contrast to hepatocytes, non-parenchymal cells (lipocytes, Kupffer cells and endothelial cells, respectively) were transfected most efficiently by Lipofectin; DOTMA alone was inactive. The methods described will facilitate studies of gene regulation in individual liver cell populations.     

阳离子脂质体的转染机制及转染效率影响因素

阳离子脂质体是一种非常具有发展前景的基因载体。简要介绍了阳离子脂质体的结构特点;着重讨论了阳离子脂质体作为基因载体时介导基因转移的机制以及在转染过程中对基因转染效率产生影响的主要因素。