基于微滴式数字PCR技术的甲型流感病毒绝对定量方法的建立及应用北大核心CSCD

数字PCR(Digital PCR,dPCR)是核酸绝对定量的新方法,然而,基于dPCR的甲型流感病毒(Influenza A virus,FluA)绝对定量方法还未系统建立。本研究首先对微滴式dPCR的退火温度进行了梯度优化,确定了dPCR反应的最佳退火温度为64.4℃;利用FluA核酸标准品,确定了微滴式dPCR对FluA的检测范围为37.7~8.22"104拷贝/#L,检测的检出限为3.77拷贝/反应。微滴式dPCR的检测结果与标准品拷贝数的相关系数为R2=0.9988,提示该方法检测结果具有较高的可信度。用建立好的微滴式dPCR方法可对待测临床样本中的FluA进行了拷贝数定量。因此本研究建立了基于微滴式dPCR的FluA绝对定量方法,可有效地对临床样本中甲型流感病毒载量进行绝对定量,为临床研究中病毒载量的测定提供了一种技术。     

基于微滴式数字PCR技术的甲型流感病毒绝对定量方法的建立及应用

数字PCR(Digital PCR,dPCR)是核酸绝对定量的新方法,然而,基于dPCR的甲型流感病毒(Influenza A virus,FluA)绝对定量方法还未系统建立。本研究首先对微滴式dPCR的退火温度进行了梯度优化,确定了dPCR反应的最佳退火温度为64.4℃;利用FluA核酸标准品,确定了微滴式dPCR对FluA的检测范围为37.7~8.22"104拷贝/#L,检测的检出限为3.77拷贝/反应。微滴式dPCR的检测结果与标准品拷贝数的相关系数为R2=0.9988,提示该方法检测结果具有较高的可信度。用建立好的微滴式dPCR方法可对待测临床样本中的FluA进行了拷贝数定量。因此本研究建立了基于微滴式dPCR的FluA绝对定量方法,可有效地对临床样本中甲型流感病毒载量进行绝对定量,为临床研究中病毒载量的测定提供了一种技术。     

CYP2C19基因多态性PCR扩增体系的正交优化与验证

本实验通过建立CYP2C19*2、*3和*17基因多态性PCR反应体系和条件,筛选出4μL体系中各因素最佳水平。采用SNaPshot技术对CYP2C19基因3个SNP位点*2、*3和*17同时进行复合扩增检测,利用L9(34)正交实验设计,对影响PCR反应体系和条件的3个因素(PCR Mix, Taq DNA聚合酶,循环次数)在3个水平上进行优化,结果采用综合评分法和极差分析法进行分析。用3组已知样本对正交优化所得条件进行重复性和稳定性验证。结果表明CYP2C19*2、*3和*17基因PCR扩增体系的影响因素依次为:PCR Mix>循环数>Taq DNA聚合酶。最佳反应体系为PCR Mix 2.0μL、Taq DNA聚合酶0.2μL、循环次数32次。3组样本验证效果满意。优化的CYP2C19*2、*3和*17基因PCR反应体系稳定性高,重复性和经济性较好,为该基因多态性的大规模调查奠定了基础。     

动物种群遗传多态性研究中的PCR技术

基因组DNA的变异是种群遗传多态性研究的基础。PCR技术可以在反应管内经济快速地扩增特定DNA序列,在动物种群遗传多态性研究中的应用主要包括三个方面：(1)种群遗传多态位点的检测;(2)基因定位或利用已经定位的单拷贝基因设计染色体位点特异的分子标记;(3)与DNA测序技术相结合,高效经济地获取特定基因座位的全部遗传变异。     

利用ISSR揭示不同类型月季遗传多样性

本研究应用正交设计法对ISSR反应体系中的各个主要影响因子进行了优化筛选,确立了适合月季ISSR-PCR反应的最佳体系.结果表明,25μL的ISSR反应体系中各组分的最适浓度分别为:1×PCR缓冲液、1 U Taq DNA聚合酶、800 pmol/L引物、0.16 mmol/L dNTPs、Mg2+ 1.5 mmol/L.筛选了33个ISSR引物,共得到了11个多态性比较高的ISSR引物,占所筛引物的33.33%.利用筛选出的11条ISSR引物对3种月季类型的23份月季材料进行遗传多样性分析,共扩增出477条DNA带,其中多态性位点有14个,平均每条引物可以检测到4.5个多态性位点.用NTSYS软件对样品进行了UPGMA聚类分析,聚类结果表明丰花月季基本能聚为一类,切花月季与藤本月季交叉聚在一起.这表明月季种质的遗传差异与其应用分类的相关性不紧密.     

基于级联核酸侵入反应的real-time PCR法检测咽拭子样本中UGT1A1*6基因多态性

伊立替康(irinotecan)不良反应与UGT1A1*6单核苷酸多态性相关,目前应用的单核苷酸多态性检测方法具有耗时长、开盖易污染、操作繁琐等缺点,因此需建立一种操作简便且不易污染的适合临床应用的新方法。本研究利用3种已知基因型的DNA样本建立基于级联核酸侵入反应的real-time PCR法检测UGT1A1*6多态性的最佳反应体系,并对其检测口腔咽拭子样本的灵敏度和准确性进行了考察。结果显示,本文成功建立了基于级联核酸侵入反应的UGT1A1*6基因多态性检测方法,可用于咽拭子样本的分型检测,其灵敏度达到6 ng DNA,分型准确性达到100%。因其取样方便对人体无创,单管闭管检测不易产生交叉污染,具有用于临床检测伊立替康的个体化用药相关UGT1A1*6基因多态性的潜力。     

T4多聚核苷酸激酶的原核表达、纯化及初步应用

原核表达、纯化T4多聚核苷酸激酶,并尝试将纯化的T4 PNK用于短探针序列的连接。本研究以合成的pseT基因为模板,PCR扩增出带有NdeⅠ和Bam HⅠ位点的目的片段,构建pseT-pET-15b原核表达载体,并转入E. coli ER2566中诱导表达。Ni-Agarose亲和层析柱纯化重组蛋白后,再进行Western blot鉴定。用纯化后再浓缩的T4 PNK参与探针连接反应,并设置商品T4 PNK和阴性对照。PCR扩增成功获得大于900 bp的目的基因片段,原核表达载体pseT-pET-15b构建成功,经诱导表达的重组蛋白分子量大小约为35 kD,Western blotting确认蛋白表达正确,浓缩后的蛋白浓度达到826μg/m L。电泳结果显示,重组T4 PNK在探针连接中效果较好。本研究成功表达并纯化了可溶性的T4多聚核苷酸激酶,且具有较好的活性,该蛋白可进一步用于后续大批量探针连接反应或其他相关研究,具有一定实际应用价值。     

罗氏沼虾3个群体线粒体COⅠ基因的序列差异和遗传标记研究

利用PCR方法扩增获得罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)线粒体DNA的COⅠ基因,测定该基因片段序列.分析了罗氏沼虾缅甸原种F1代、江苏养殖群体和广西选育F2代3个群体共17只个体的序列核苷酸位点差异和遗传多态.结果表明,缅甸原种F1代遗传多样性最为丰富,江苏养殖群体和广西选育群体的遗传多样性相对贫乏.在长度为498 bp的基因片段中,共检测到10个多态性核苷酸位点(占2.01%),17只个体具有5种基因型,3群体各自的平均核苷酸位点差异分别为0.88%、0.07%和0.UPGMA分子系统聚类树显示,江苏养殖群体和广西选育群体的遗传关系最近,其单倍型混杂聚成一支,而缅甸原种F1群体相对独立为另外一支.COⅠ基因可以作为区分两分支群体的遗传标记.     

一种筛选微卫星位点的改进方法及其在小熊猫微卫星基因文库构建上的应用

微卫星（Simple Sequence Repeat,SSR）基因位点是在各个遗传学领域被广泛使用的分子标记。而对于首次研究的物种,必须筛选出可以应用的微卫星位点。对于分离微卫星位点来说由于只有大约0.5％-2%的重组体含有微卫星位点,所以标准的基因组文库需要至少产生5 000个重组体。传统的筛选方法就是通过检测大量重组体来定位这些少量的位点。近几年来出现了一些新的筛选方法,采用“富集”微卫星序列的技术将包含微卫星位点的重组体比例提高了10-100倍。这样就降低了筛选工作的时间和劳动强度,大大提高了筛选微卫星位点的效率。本文在结合了几种筛选微卫星位点技术路线的基础上,采用生物素标记探针杂交、富集和PCR筛选技术,对原有技术路线进行了改进。主要试验步骤为：1）基因组DNA的提取和消化;2）生物素标记探针富集;3）克隆建库;4）“PCR”筛选;5）引物设计和多态性检测。新的方法在小熊猫微卫星基因文库的构建中取得成功,获得了10个具有多态性的(CA)n重复序列微卫星位点。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.