甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸荧光定量RT-PCR检测技术

目的:建立基于TaqMan荧光探针技术的甲型H1N1流感病毒实时定量RT-PCR方法。方法:分析H1N1流感病毒基因特性,根据新发甲型H1N1流感病毒突变基因片段设计检测引物和TaqMan荧光探针,建立荧光定量RT-PCR检测体系,体外转录制备RNA标准品,进行特异性、敏感性、重复性及盲样检测评价实验。结果:可特异性有效检测新发甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸,与H1～H16流感病毒基因无交叉反应;对RNA标准品的检测敏感性达103拷贝/μL;重复性实验中,阳性标准品Ct值变异系数(CV)10%,阴性标准品检测结果均呈阴性;12份盲样检测结果特异性好。结论:该荧光定量RT-PCR方法可作为甲型H1N1流感防控的病原快速诊断技术。     

用液相芯片方法同时检测流感病毒H5N1和H7N9亚型

基于液相芯片(Multi-analyte suspension array,MASA)技术建立一种同时对H5N1和H7N9亚型流感病毒进行快速检测的新方法。对国家生物技术信息中心(National center for biotechnology information,NCBI)和欧洲生物信息学中心(The european bioinformatics institute,EBI)核酸数据库中已有的H5、N1、H7和N9核酸片段进行比对分析,并参考世界卫生组织,美国疾病预防控制中心和中国疾病预防控制中心等的相关资料,设计简并引物和探针,将合成的探针与荧光编码微球进行偶联,建立检测方法。利用该方法检测H5N1和H7N9亚型流感病毒和其它常见亚型(H1N1、甲流H1N1、H5N2、BH3N2和H9N2)的标本。建立了一种快速的流感病毒分型方法。这种方法可以同时检测H5N1和H7N9,用已知基因型的样本对这种方法进行验证显示它的特异性很好。灵敏度分析实验也表明这种方法具有很高的灵敏度,可以对含有5个拷贝的样本进行有效的检测。利用液相芯片技术研制的H5N1和H7N9亚型流感病毒检测方法能够用于流感病毒H5N1和H7N9亚型的快速、灵敏、特异性的检测及鉴定。     

SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光定量RT-PCR检测埃博拉病毒方法的建立

为了建立一种快速准确的检测埃博拉病毒(EBOV)亚型的方法。本研究根据GenBank中公布的EBOV NP基因序列,通过设计引物和优化反应条件,建立了一种SYBR GreenⅠ荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法检测EBOV。以体外转录的EBOV RNA为模板进行试验,该方法检测的灵敏度可以达到1.0×102个拷贝/μL,检测范围达到9个数量级为102～1010,可检测5种亚型EBOV。建立的方法对马尔堡病毒(MARV)、登革病毒(DENV)、新疆出血热病毒(XHFV)、乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)、流感病毒(H1N1和H3N2)和猪繁殖和呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)E基因组RNA无非特异性扩增。本文将荧光定量RT-PCR技术用于埃博拉病毒的定量检测中,并且建立了EBOV SYBRGreenⅠ荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。     

同时检测新甲型H1N1及人季节性H1N1和H3N2流感病毒的单管多重荧光定量PCR方法

本研究设计的一种4重荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法,以A型流感病毒各亚型的血凝素基因(HA)为检测靶标,实现了同时检测新甲型H1N1流感病毒、人季节性H1N1流感病毒和人季节性H3N2流感病毒。本法使用人细胞RNA酶P基因作为内参,以判断标本来源和实施质量控制。利用不同来源和亚型的流感病毒验证了该方法的特异性;利用连续稀释的新甲型H1N1流感病毒HA全基因体外转录物进行灵敏度分析。结果表明该方法灵敏度高,可检测低至20个拷贝的RNA;特异性强,每对引物只检测出对应的病毒,无交叉反应;并且成功地验证性检验了34份新甲型H1N1流感病毒阳性临床标本和20份人季节性H1N1和H3N2流感病毒及人乙型(HB)流感病毒阳性临床标本。因此,该多重荧光定量RT-PCR法是一种可同时检测2009年新甲型流感病毒及季节性流感病毒的有效方法。     

基于颜色判定的环介导逆转录等温扩增技术检测人甲型H1N1流感病毒基因

建立了一种基于颜色判定的简单、快速和灵敏的检测方法,即环介导逆转录等温核酸扩增技术(RT-LAMP)应用于人甲型H1N1流感病毒基因检测。该技术使用对应于人甲型H1N1流感病毒HA序列中8个基因区段的6条特异引物,在等温条件下(65℃)进行核酸扩增反应1.5h,在扩增前加入染料HNB(羟基萘酚蓝)作为反应指示剂,以HNB的颜色变化做为结果判定标准并经琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证。文中利用这种技术对不同来源及亚型的流感病毒进行了特异性分析,对体外转录的人甲型H1N1流感病毒HA基因RNA的系列稀释物进行了灵敏度分析,成功检测美国CDC提供的人甲型H1N1流感病毒标准品,利用RT-LAMP和RT-PCR同时检测了30份人甲型H1N1和26份季节性流感咽拭子标本。结果显示RT-LAMP方法特异性高,灵敏度可达到60个拷贝RNA分子水平,对临床标本的检出率与常规RT-PCR法相当,利用650nm的比色分析通过标准曲线可以实现对样品的定量。因此,基于颜色判定的环介导逆转录等温扩增方法可用于人甲型H1N1流感病毒感染的快速筛选,具有在基层疾病预防控制中心流感监测网络实验室和哨点医院推广和应用的潜力。     

H3亚型鸭源流感病毒聚合酶PB1基因的序列分析

目的阐明H3亚型鸭流感病毒与其他亚型流感病毒的关系。方法对活禽市场分离的3株H3N8亚型鸭源流感病毒聚合酶PB1基因进行了序列分析。结果3株鸭源H3N8流感病毒聚合酶PB1基因核苷酸同源性为99.9%,与H9N2亚型流感病毒(DK/ST/2143/00)的同源性为96.31%~96.44%,而与H3N8亚型鸭流感病毒(Mal/Alberta/279/98)为88.65%~88.79%。系统进化树分析表明,本实验中的3株病毒属于相同的分支,且与A/duck/Hong Kong/Y439为代表的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒位于一进化分支,说明三株H3N8亚型流感病毒重排了H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的基因片段。结论不同亚型禽流感病毒在贮存宿主体内的重排以及重排病毒的新特点如鸭H3N8亚型流感病毒对禽的致病性,应当引起我们的高度重视。     

禽流感病毒H9N2在人肺组织的复制

禽流感病毒H9N2亚型在多种陆禽流行并反复感染哺乳动物猪和人,其对公共卫生安全呈潜在巨大威胁。本文应用体外禽流感病毒H9N2亚型感染人肺组织和免疫组化实验,探讨禽流感病毒H9N2亚型跨种间感染人的机制、H9N2病毒在人肺组织复制特性及组织嗜性。结果显示,禽流感病毒H9N2亚型(Ck/GX/1875/04、Ck/GX/187/05)和季节性人流感病毒H3N2亚型(A/ST/602/05)均可感染人肺组织;免疫组化检测流感病毒核蛋白(Nucleoprotein,NP),病毒复制的主要靶细胞为肺泡细胞、呼吸细支气管上皮细胞和细支气管上皮细胞;免疫组化和免疫荧光双重染色法检测流感病毒感染肺泡类型,禽流感病毒H9N2亚型感染II型肺泡细胞。结果提示,禽流感病毒H9N2可适应宿主人以及在人肺上皮细胞有效复制,病毒持续感染人有助于病毒基因进化进而演变成大流行新型流感病毒的潜能。     

A型猪流感病毒山东分离株鉴定及其HA基因序列分析

从山东各地疑似流感发病猪分离到10株流感病毒,经国家流感中心鉴定均为A型流感病毒H9N2亚型.将其中一株Sw/SD/1/2003(H9N2)的血凝素全基因(HA)进行克隆与测序,与GenBank收录的其它猪流感和禽流感H9N2 亚型的HA基因进行比较,发现Sw/SD/1/2003(H9N2)的血凝素基因在核苷酸序列方面同广西1999年分离的禽流感毒株Ck/GX/99(H9N2)和2000年云南分离的禽流感毒株Ck/YN/2000(H9N2)的同源性最高;进化树分析表明Sw/SD/1/2003 (H9N2) 起源于禽源的H9N2亚型流感病毒;Sw/SD/1/2003 的HA氨基酸裂解位点与其他H9N2亚型不同,Sw/SD/1/2003 的HA氨基酸裂解位点是R-S-L-R-G, 而其它猪流感和禽流感H9N2亚型都是R-S-S-R-G.     

艾本德公司捐赠PCR仪

近日．艾本德公司向上海市公共卫生临床中心捐赠一台荧光定量PCR仪。作为上海指定的防控甲型H1N1流感的定点医疗机构,上海市公共卫生临床中心应急检测和生物安全实验室凭借自身优势将承担甲型H1N1流感病毒的快速诊断,病毒分离鉴定等重要任务。根据WHO发布的甲型H1N1流感实验室检测指南以及国家疾病预防控制中心甲型H1N1流感病毒实验室检测技术方案,实时荧光PCR方法被用于快速有效检测新型H1N1流感病毒核酸．定量PCR仪成为不可或缺的实验设备。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.