玉米三系及其杂种根尖染色体C-带带型的遗传分析

用玉米的两个雄性不育系,和它们共同的保持系、恢复系以及两个不育系和恢复系杂交的F_1进行了根尖染色体C-带带型的遗传分析。从明显的C-带带型看,不育系与保持系相同,恢复系与不育系和保持系显著不同。在F_1中,从父母本之间带型有明显差异的4对染色体看,每对同源染色体的一条,其带型和一个亲本相似,另一条和另一个亲本相似。以明显的C-带带型作为标记,在杂交后代中可以直接对不同亲本遗传下来的染色体进行追踪。 文中讨论了在明显C-带带型方面细胞质对细胞核有无影响,用品种间明显C-带带型的差异大小作为选配强杂种优势组合的依据,以及从细胞学上鉴定核代换程度的标准的可能性。     

离体条件下核不育水稻突变为细胞质雄性不育

地水稻无花粉型核不育系南广占的体细胞无性系典败变异株ＮＴ１和ＮＴ２经过多代回交已经转成类似野败型的核质互作雄性不育系。ＮＴ１和ＮＴ２的恢保关系与野败型的一致,即野败型的恢复系和保持系同样可作ＮＴ１和ＮＴ２的恢复系和保持系,ＮＴ１现已回交１０代,不育性能稳定。     

水稻红莲型细胞质雄性不育系与保持系mtRNA差异显示和差别片段？…

将Ｔ４ＲＮＡ连接酶和ＡＦＬＰ技术特点相结合构建于适于ｍｔＲＮＡ的差异显示方法,并比较水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）红莲型细胞质雄性不育系,保持系和杂种一代ｍｔＲＮＡ差异。在４组引物对的选择扩增产物中共找到６个差异片段,其中差异条带ＤＴＡ为不育系仅有,条带ＤＡＢ为不育系和保持系特有,而条带ＤＢＦ１、ＤＢＦ２、ＤＢＦ３、ＤＢＦ４为保持系和Ｆ１杂种共有。这表明水稻红莲型不育系粤泰Ａ与杂种一代泰优     

D^2型小麦细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系和恢复系线粒体DNA的比较研究

ｍｓＤ２－ＣＡ８０５７是新育成的具有粗厚山羊草（Ａｅ．ｃｒａｓａ,６ｘ）胞质的Ｄ２型小麦细胞质雄性不育系。采用ＲＦＬＰ和ＲＡＰＤ方法对该不育系及其具有普通小麦（Ｔ．ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ）胞质的保持系ＣＡ８０５７和恢复系保－７６９－２２－６的线粒体ＤＮＡ进行分析和比较,发现该不育系的线粒体ＤＮＡ组织结构明显不同于其保持系,也不同于其恢复系。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ结果表明,该不育系线粒体基因组在ａｔｐＡ、ａｔｐ９、ｃｏｂ和ｃｏｘⅡ基因上或附近具有显著的组织结构差异。ＲＡＰＤ分析证实了这一点。相反,ＲＦＬＰ和ＲＡＰＤ结果都表明保持系与恢复系之间线粒体基因组结构非常相似。这支持了该不育系的胞质遗传特点来源于与普通小麦胞质差异较大的野生型胞质的事实。推测这种胞质差异与育性有关     

小麦粘类雄性不育系生化标记及小孢子细胞色素氧化酶同工酶研究

对4种同核异质小麦粘类非1BL/1RS雄性不育系、保持系和恢复系的幼苗叶片、乳熟期籽粒以及不育系、恢复系和F1小孢子发育四分体至三核期花药进行了细胞色素氧化酶（COD）同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝腔电泳（PAGE）分析。结果表明：（1）幼苗叶片COD同工酶谱带可以标记4种不育系和保持系;乳熟期籽粒COD同工酶谱带可以将4种不育系、保持系及恢复系区别开。（2）COD在不育系小孢子败育时或败育之前（单核到二核期）酶量降低,面在三核期酶量升高。（3）相同胞质背景下引入不同核恢复基因或不同胞质背景下引入桢核恢复基因,F1小孢子COD同工酶谱带之间有差异。可以将不同发育时期COD同工酶谱带作为鉴别1种不育系以及不育系、保持系、恢复系（“三系”的可靠生化标记）。     

红莲型杂交稻(红莲2号)及其骨干亲本的RAPD分析与鉴定

利用RAPD技术,从248个随机寡核苷酸引物（10－mer）中筛出18个引物对红莲型杂交稻组合红莲2号及其亲本（T－07A、T－07B、YD6－05）,另6个红莲型胞质不育系的骨干恢复和汕优63及其亲本共14份水稻材料进行分析。共检测到173个多态性标记。聚类分析结果表明：不育系与保持系间因核背景相似,遗传差异很小;杂种（F1）的基因型更倾向于恢复系;恢复系与保持系间遗传距离的相对较大,但各恢复系之间的遗传距离较小。利用这些标记能有效地地区交组合中不育系,保持系、恢复系和杂种（F1）。     

VE型小麦不育—保持系的细胞遗传学研究

利用ＶＥ型不育系及其蓝粒标记的同型保持系为材料,采用细胞学鉴定方法对其碱数分裂中期的染色体结构进行了观察分析,在花粉母细胞ＭＩ的主要染色体２ｎ＝２１（包括浅蓝粒种子植株和白粒种子植株）,方差分析结果表明染色体结构上存在极显著差异,认为利用蓝粒标记的ＶＥ型不育保持系为４Ｅ染色体的蓝粒基因片段转移而形成的易位系,田间育性调查表明利用这个保持系生产的不育系的不育性是可靠的。同时,由于蓝粒基因片田间育性     

VE型小麦不育-保持系的细胞遗传学研究

利用VE型不育系及其蓝粒标记的同型保持系为材料,采用细胞学鉴定方法对其减数分裂中期的染色体结构进行了观察分析,在花粉母细胞MI的主要染色体结构为2n=21”（包括浅蓝粒种子植株和白粒种子植株）,方差分析结果表明染色体结构上存在极显著差异,认为利用蓝位标记的VE型不育保持系为4E染色体的蓝粒基因片段转移而形成的易位系。田间育性调查表明利用这个保持系生产的不育系的不育性是可靠的．同时,由于蓝粒基因片段的易位仍然能够恢复该不育系的育性,证明了4E染色体的育性恢复基因和蓝色胚乳基因位于同一染色体臂上．对保持系和不育系分别与普通小麦和蓝二体附加系的杂种F1减数分裂的细胞学观察表明,VE型不育、保持系确有促进部分同源染色体配对作用,但在这两个组合中多价体的细胞频率较低．     

普通小麦三种细胞质雄性不育系线粒体DNA的比较研究

对细胞质分别来源于粘果山羊草（Ａｅ．ｋｏｔｓｃｈｙｉ）、偏凸山羊草（Ａｅ．ｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｏｓａ）、提莫菲维（Ｔ．ｔｉｍｏｐｈｅｅｖｉ）的３种普通小麦雄性不育系,其相应保持系和共有的一种恢复系的ｍｔＤＮＡ进行了ＲＦＬＰ比较分析。发现Ｋ型和Ｖ型不育系的ｍｔＤＮＡ在组织结构上不同于Ｔ型,说明Ｋ、Ｖ型不育系是有别于Ｔ型的两种新不育类型。Ｋ型、Ｖ型不育系的ｍｔＤＮＡ与保持系和恢复系显著不同,推测ｍｔＤＮＡ与小麦细胞质雄性不育性有关。实验同时发现Ｔ型不育系与其保持系的ｍｔＤＮＡ非常相似,对这种相似性的原因进行了讨论。     

粘型小麦雄性不育系减数分裂特征及育性恢复研究

调查了粘型1B／1R和非1B／1R小麦雄性不育系,保持系及其F2的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体联会情况、后期Ⅰ出现落后染色体的细胞频率以及末期Ⅱ含有微核的四分体的频率,结果表明：（1）粘果山羊细胞质对1B／1R型不育系减数分裂染色体配对水平具有特异性降低作用;（2）粘型1B／1R不育系减数分裂中期Ⅰ出现单价体细胞频率与后期Ⅰ出现落后染色体细胞的频率呈正相关,也与含微核的四分体频率呈正相关,而对应保持系则没有相关性;（3）粘果山羊草细胞质对非1B／1R不育系减数分裂过程影响不大,5个1B／1R不育系减数分裂过程中,3个时期染色体行为变异率的差异是特定的1B／1R核型与粘果山羊草细胞质互作的结果;（4）粘型1B／1R不育系杂交R2单株减数分裂3个时期染色体行为变异率与其恢复度成反比,这类不育系减数分裂中染色体行为不同步是其恢复不高且变异较大的一重要原因。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV