小麦粘类雄性不育系生化标记及小孢子细胞色素氧化酶同工酶研究

对4种同核异质小麦粘类非1BL/1RS雄性不育系、保持系和恢复系的幼苗叶片、乳熟期籽粒以及不育系、恢复系和F1小孢子发育四分体至三核期花药进行了细胞色素氧化酶（COD）同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝腔电泳（PAGE）分析。结果表明：（1）幼苗叶片COD同工酶谱带可以标记4种不育系和保持系；乳熟期籽粒COD同工酶谱带可以将4种不育系、保持系及恢复系区别开。（2）COD在不育系小孢子败育时或败育之前（单核到二核期）酶量降低，面在三核期酶量升高。（3）相同胞质背景下引入不同核恢复基因或不同胞质背景下引入桢核恢复基因，F1小孢子COD同工酶谱带之间有差异。可以将不同发育时期COD同工酶谱带作为鉴别1种不育系以及不育系、保持系、恢复系（“三系”的可靠生化标记）。

Biochemical Markers and Microspore Cytochrome Oxidase of the Male Sterile Line of NIAN-type Wheat

The seedling leaves and the kernels at milky stage and four Nian-type isonuclear and alloplasmic male sterile lines and their corresponding maintainers and restorers of Nian-type non-1BL/1RS wheat, were investigated, and the anthers of the male sterile lines and restorers and F_1 from the tetrad stage to the trinucleate stage of microspore development were used to determine the cytochrome oxidase isozymes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results revealed that (1) the spectral bands of the cytochrome oxidase isozymes in the seedling leaves could be employed to mark the four male sterile lines and their maintainers, and the spectral bands of cytochrome oxidase isozymes in the kernels at the milky stage were capable of telling the differences among the four male sterile lines and their maintainers and restorers; (2) the content of cytochrome oxidase declined when or before the microspores of the male sterile lines aborted (from the mononucleate stage to the dinucleate stage) and then increase at the trinucleate stage ; (3) with the heteronuclear restoring genes introduced under the circumstances with same kinds of cytoplasm or the isonuclear restoring genes introduced under the circumstances with different kinds of cytoplasm the spectral bands of the cytochrome oxidase isozymes in the F_1 microspores differed. The spectral bands of the cytochrome oxidase isozymes at different developmental stages may be used as the reliable biochemical markers to identify the four male sterile lines and their maintainers and restorers.