定向酶解大豆7S蛋白及其ACE抑制活性的研究

以"活性肽搜寻与蛋白模拟水解数据库"为工具,选择胃蛋白酶+胰蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶对大豆7S蛋白进行模拟水解,得出不同水平的ACE抑制肽肽段,并通过实验比较以上蛋白酶水解物ACE抑制活性的高低。模拟水解结果表明,胃蛋白酶+胰蛋白酶水解大豆7S蛋白得到较多的ACE抑制肽肽段,实验结果表明,碱性蛋白酶水解物ACE抑制活性最大,为73.0965%。     

棉铃虫中肠类胰蛋白酶的部分纯化和性质测定及其对苏云金杆菌δ—内毒素的降解作用

将棉铃虫Helicoverpa armingera中肠液经SephadexG-75、DEAE-SephadexA-50阴离子交换和CM-SephadexC-50阳离子交换柱层析进行分离纯化,得到部分纯化的24.5kD蛋白,该蛋白可以水解胰蛋白酶的专性底物BApNA和TAME,不能水解胰凝乳蛋白酶的专性底物BTEE,蛋白酶抑制剂的抑制试验显示,TLCK、PMSF、STI及SBBI均可显著抑制该蛋白对BApNA的水解作用,而TPCK无抑制作用,由此推断,24.5kD蛋白是棉铃虫的类胰蛋白酶。以BApNA为底物,类胰蛋白酶的最适pH为10.5-11.0。SephadexG-75分离得到了4个洗脱峰,电泳结果显示,各洗脱峰均能使苏云金杆菌库斯塔克变种Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstakiHD-1原毒素降解为60.5kD的活力片段,峰Ⅳ虽然不能水解BApNA和TAME,但仍可对原毒素进行降解,而类胰蛋白酶活力最高的峰Ⅱ已将60.5kD蛋白完全降解,当减少用量至1/3时,才出现60.5kD蛋白。因此,苏云金杆菌δ-内毒素在棉铃虫中肠内的降解有多种蛋白酶参与,类胰蛋白酶在其中起重要作用,CM-SephadexC-50进一步分离得到的类胰蛋白酶可对原毒进行降解,其降解作用受到TLCK、PMSF、STI及SBBI的显著抑制,不受TPCK的影响。     

藤黄新酸抑制肝癌细胞生长的机制研究

在肿瘤细胞中蛋白酶体活性的抑制可以导致细胞凋亡和周期阻滞.藤黄新酸(TH2)是从中药藤黄中提取的一个新的(口山)酮类衍生物.研究结果显示,TH2可以抑制人肝癌Bel-7402细胞的增殖,诱导细胞产生凋亡,且呈浓度和时间依赖性.同时,10μmol/L的TH2与细胞作用24h后,可以导致早期凋亡标志性蛋白PARP发生裂解.在体外采用特异性荧光底物检测TH2对蛋白酶体活性的影响,发现该化合物能够抑制蛋白酶体的糜乳蛋白酶样、胰蛋白酶样活性和谷氨酰后水解活性.抑癌基因p53是细胞内的蛋白酶体降解底物,TH2可使p53蛋白的降解受到阻滞,表达增加.由此可见,TH2具有抑制人肝癌Bel-7402细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡的作用,可能的分子机制与其抑制细胞内蛋白酶体活性、导致p53蛋白降解受阻有关.     

蛋白酶抑制剂对梨小食心虫幼虫中肠蛋白酶活性的影响

【目的】梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta(Busck)是一种危害极其严重的果树害虫。中肠蛋白酶在昆虫生长发育过程中起着重要作用。本研究测定梨小食心虫幼虫中肠内蛋白酶活性的最适p H、蛋白酶抑制剂和激活剂对蛋白酶活性的作用,为利用蛋白酶抑制剂防治该害虫提供新思路。【方法】提取梨小食心虫3龄幼虫中肠液,利用酶专性底物测定各蛋白酶在3种不同缓冲溶液中的最适p H(dd H2O为对照)、蛋白酶抑制剂和激活剂对中肠蛋白酶活性的影响,同时测定饲喂蛋白酶抑制剂(PMSF,TLCK,TPCL和STI)后梨小食心虫中肠蛋白酶活性的变化。【结果】梨小食心虫幼虫中肠总蛋白酶在Tris-HCl,KH2PO4/Na OH和Glycine/Na OH 3种缓冲液中最适p H分别为10.5,11.0和11.0,强碱性胰蛋白酶的最适p H分别为10.5,11.0和11.0,弱碱性胰蛋白酶的最适p H分别为8.5,9.0和9.0,胰凝乳蛋白酶的最适p H分别为8.5,9.0和9.5。5种蛋白酶抑制剂(DTT,PMSF,TLCK,TPCL和STI)中,除TLCK对凝乳蛋白酶激活外,其他蛋白酶抑制剂对4种蛋白酶均表现为抑制,且浓度越大抑制效应越明显。抑制剂DTT对总蛋白酶和弱碱性胰蛋白酶的抑制效果高于其他抑制剂。4种蛋白酶激活剂(Mg Cl2,Ca Cl2,EDTA和EGTA)中,Mg Cl2抑制总蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶活性,而激活胰蛋白酶活性;Ca Cl2激活总蛋白酶和弱碱性胰蛋白酶活性,而抑制强碱性胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶,EDTA对4种蛋白酶均表现为抑制,EGTA除对强碱性胰蛋白酶表现为激活外,对另外3种蛋白酶表现抑制。用蛋白酶抑制剂PMSF,TLCK,TPCL和STI饲喂梨小食心虫幼虫,各抑制剂均可抑制4种蛋白酶活性,且在不同取样时间抑制水平不同。其中STI(50μg/m L)对4种蛋白酶的抑制效果高于其他抑制剂,且浓度越大抑制效应越明显。10,20和50μg/m L STI 3种浓度处理组,在取食后4 h时,4种蛋白酶活性升高,且上升程度与STI浓度有关;酶活性在20μg/m L STI处理后48 h,50μg/m L STI处理后60 h时最低,抑制剂STI表现出持效性。【结论】蛋白酶抑制剂对梨小食心虫幼虫中肠蛋白消化酶的活性具有一定的抑制作用,其中大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂STI在害虫防治中具有极其重要的应用价值。     

从大豆中纯化棉铃虫组织蛋白酶B抑制因子HCB-SoyI

棉铃虫组织蛋白酶B（Helicoverpa armigera cathepsin B,HCB） 在胚胎发育过程中降解卵黄蛋白为氨基酸,供给胚胎发育必需的养料,是棉铃虫胚胎正常发育的重要因素。许多植物种子中存在蛋白酶抑制因子,如大豆和向日葵种子。用棉铃虫组织蛋白酶B为酶源,通过硫酸铵沉淀、排阻层析和离子交换层析等方法,从大豆中分离纯化到了一种对HCB有抑制活性的蛋白酶抑制因子,命名为HCB-SoyI。用牛血清白蛋白为底物进一步证明该抑制因子对HCB具有抑制作用。该抑制因子的纯化为进一步克隆其基因奠定了基础,为转基因抗虫作物研究提供了新的候选靶标。     

三角帆蚌alpha-2巨球蛋白活性测定及不同组织的表达

alpha-2巨球蛋白(alpha-2 Macroglobulin,α2M)是一种蛋白酶结合蛋白,是重要的天然免疫因子。利用α2M的作用原理,用三角帆蚌血浆保护胰蛋白酶,后用大豆蛋白酶抑制剂抑制未被保护的胰蛋白酶。利用Na-benzoyl-DL-arg-nine-p-nitroanilide(BAPNA)作为酶底物检测被保护的蛋白酶活性的方法,首次证明了三角帆蚌体内α2M的存在。在此基础上,克隆了α2M基因保守区受体结合区片段,进一步证明了α2M在三角帆蚌体内的存在。同时,还进行了α2M不同组织的表达检测,结果显示,α2M基因在血细胞中有表达,而在外套膜、闭壳肌、肠和性腺中没有表达。     

柞蚕卵组织蛋白酶B纯化及性质

昆虫卵内蛋白酶在胚胎发育中水解卵黄蛋白,为胚胎发育提供氨基酸。昆虫中已报道过几类卵蛋白酶,如家蚕中半胱氨酸蛋白酶和丝氨酸蛋白等。但是,目前尚不清楚这些蛋白酶是否存在于其他鳞翅目昆虫。了解这些蛋白酶的作用机理可以为我们提供害虫防治的新方法,并且,由于蛋白水解在许多生理过程中具有重要作用。如蛋白质的成熟和转运、受精、萌芽、肿瘤转移和其他形态发生等。因此,阐明这些蛋白酶的生物功能具有重要意义。由于Oi蚕卵粒大,产卵量也很大,因此被选作研究鳞翅目昆虫卵蛋白酶的材料,我们希望通过对数种昆虫卵内蛋白酶的研究,找出卵黄蛋白水解的一般规律。在我们前一篇文章中报道了oi蚕组织蛋白酶B的鉴定。该蛋白酶属于半胱酸蛋白酶类的组织蛋白,最适pH为3．5,可被E－64抑制。本文报道蛋白酶的纯化和蛋白质。经过5步纯化过程,从oi蚕卵母细胞中纯化出组织蛋白酶B,用SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得蛋白酶的亚基分子量在47kDa左右。纯化的蛋白酶活性可被E－64和Leupeptin抑制。因此,该蛋白酶属于半胱氨酸蛋白酶。天冬氨酸蛋白酶特异性抑制Pepstatin不抑制其活性。其活性可被DFP和PMSF部分抑制制。这两种抑制剂通常抑制丝氨酸蛋白酶活性,但在家蚕中有报道,半氨酸蛋白也可被这两种抑制剂抑制。推测该知性中心除含有半胱氨酸残基外,可能还含有丝氨酸残基。由牛血红蛋白测得蛋白酶的最适pH为3．5。在pH3．5条件下对胚胎发育中蛋白酶活性变化进行了研究,并用纯化的蛋白酶制备了抗血清,采用单向免疫扩散对胚胎发育中组织蛋白酶B的含量进行了测定,结果表明这种蛋白酶在胚胎发育中含量较高,是胚肥发育中蛋白酶活性来源之一。     

甘薯和花生胰蛋白酶抑制剂的初步研究

许多植物蛋白制成品均含有抑制动物消化的蛋白酶抑制剂。目前已从某些豆类及蔬菜种子中分离出多种对胰蛋白酶具有抑制作用的活性物质。该实验以花生、甘薯等为原料,通过DEAE-Sepharose4BFF阴离子交换柱层析分离胰蛋白酶抑制剂,以N-苯甲酰-L-精氨酸乙酯(BAEE)为底物测定其对胰蛋白酶的抑制活性;将具有抑制活性的组分通过SDS-PAGE测定蛋白质相对分子质量(Mr);以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳测定蛋白质等电点(pI)。结果显示,甘薯中至少有4种胰蛋白酶抑制剂组分,相对分子质量为20～25kD、等电点在pH5.0～6.6之间;花生中至少有三种胰蛋白酶抑制剂组分,相对分子质量为30～70kD、等电点在pH5.0～5.8之间。     

昆虫胰蛋白酶及其基因表达

胰蛋白酶是脊椎动物消化道中一种主要的蛋白水解酶,由胰脏产生。以无活性的前体──酶原形式释放,一经进人肠腔,由肠激酶活化自其N端水解掉一段6肽（活化肽）而生成有活性的胰蛋白酶。它可以有力迅速地激活其它蛋白酶原（糜蛋白酶原、羧肽酶原、弹性蛋白酶原）而行使消化功能[1]。昆虫胰蛋白酶由中肠肠壁细胞产生分泌进入中肠。过去研究认为：昆虫胰蛋白酶与脊椎动物不同,它不是以无活性的前体释放的,因此就没有相当于脊椎动物的胰蛋白酶原[1]。但最近研究确认,在昆虫消化道中同样存在着类似于脊椎动物的胰蛋白酶原,并对昆虫胰蛋白…     

高纯度α_1-抗胰蛋白酶的提取、抗血清的制备及其火箭免疫电泳测定

α_1-抗胰蛋白酶(α_1-AT)是肝细胞分泌的一种糖蛋白,是血浆蛋白电泳α_1球蛋白的主要成份。它能抑制多种蛋白酶,如胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶、纤维蛋白溶酶等的活性。α_1-AT在血浆中含量较高,在组织中广泛存在,对维持机体正常生理功能,防止组织过度破坏起重要作用。本文报道经我们改良的高纯度α_1-AT提取方法、抗血清的制备及其火箭免疫电泳定量测量方法。一、材料与方法 1、α_1-AT、蛋白质测定方法α_1-AT按Eriksson法测定胰蛋白酶抑制容量(TIC)。结晶胰蛋白酶为Sigma产品,胰蛋白酶的特异性     

A Proteinase from Mung Bean Sprouts That Inactivaties Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor (in English)

By 30%-60% (NH4)2SO4 fractional precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 and anion-exchange chromatography on Waters AP-1 column (ProteinPM-Pak DEAE 15HR), a proteinase which can inactivate soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) was purified from mung bean (Vigna rabiata (L.) Wilczek) sprouts. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 29.8 kD by SDS-PAGE, and its Km and Vmax for STI were 769.2N-α-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester BAEE/mL and 115.3 BAEE·mL-1·min-1 respectively. This proteinase was stable at temperatures lower than 50℃ and pH 6.5-8.5, and 90.91% STI activity of defatted soybean powder was inactivated by this preparation, with proteolytic activity 5 000 BAEE/mL at 50℃ and pH 8.0 in 4 h.     

Purification and properties of Bacillus subtilis SA-22 endo-1, 4-beta-D-mannanase.

beta-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78) from Bacillus subtilis SA-22 was purified successively by ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydroxyapatite chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and DEAE-52 anion-exchange chromatography. Through these steps, the enzyme was concentrated 30.75-fold with a recovery rate of 23.43%, with a specific activity of 34780.56 u/mg. Molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 38 kD by SDS-PAGE and 34 kD by gel filtration. The results revealed that the optimal pH value for the enzyme was 6.5 and the optimal temperature was 70 degrees C. The enzyme is stable between pH 5 to 10. The enzyme remained most of its activity after a treatment of 4 h at 50 degrees C, but lost 25% of activity at 60 degrees C for 4 h, lost 50% of activity at 70 degrees C for 3 h. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Hg2+. The Michaelis constants (Km) were measured as 11.30 mg/mL for locust bean gum and 4.76 mg/mL for konjac powder, while Vmax for these two polysaccharides were 188.68 (micromol x mL(-1) x min(-1)) and 114.94 (micromol x mL(-1) x min(-1)), respectively.     

Purification and characterization of acetyl esterase from Candida guilliermondii

An extracellular acetyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.6) from Candida guilliermondii NRRL Y-17257 was purified to homogeneity by acetone precipitation and QAE sepharose anion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme was a monomer with an apparent molecular weight of 67 kDa and a pI of 7.6. It had maximum activity at pH 7.5 and at 50-60 degrees C. It was relatively stable over a pH range of 5.8-8.0 and exhibited thermal stability up to 60 degrees C. The Km and Vmax values on alpha-naphthylacetate were 2.63 mM and 213.3 micromol alpha- naphthol min-1 mg-1 protein, respectively.     

米曲霉F-81产中性蛋白酶的固定化条件及其特性

以海藻酸钠为载体,戊二醛为交联剂固定化米曲霉F-81产中性蛋白酶,研究了固定化条件及固定化酶的性质。结果表明,固定化的最佳条件为:固定化时间1 h、海澡酸钠浓度4%、戊二醛浓度9%、CaCl2浓度0.7 mol/L。在此条件下固定化的中性蛋白酶活力为游离酶活力的68%。固定化酶的最适作用温度为65℃,最适作用pH值为7.0。60℃下酶稳定性较好,80℃下处理60 min,粗酶中几乎检测不到酶活力;中性蛋白酶pH稳定范围为6.5-9.5。Km值为24.83 mg/mL,最大反应速率Vmax为0.043 12 mg/min。     

枯草芽孢杆菌SA-22 β-甘露聚糖酶的纯化及其特性

利用硫酸铵沉淀、羟基磷灰石柱层析、Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤和DEAE-52离子交换柱层析的方法,将枯草芽孢杆菌SA-22 β-甘露聚糖酶纯化了30.75倍,同时,该酶比活达到3478056 u/mg,收率达到23.43%。利用SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳和Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤的方法测得枯草芽孢杆菌SA-22 β-甘露聚糖酶的分子量分别为38 kD和34 kD。实验发现该酶的最适pH为6.5,在pH 5～10的范围内稳定;该酶最适温度为70℃,在50℃保温4h后其活力不变,在60℃保温4 h后剩余酶活为74.2%,70℃的酶活半衰期为3h。实验还发现Hg²⁺对酶活力有明显抑制作用。该酶对槐豆胶和魔芋胶的K_m和V_max值分别为11.30mg/mL, 4.76mg/mL和188.68(μmol·mL^-1·min^-1), 114.94(μmol·mL^-1·min^-1)。     

Purification of lactoperoxidase from creek-water buffalo milk and investigation of kinetic and antibacterial properties

Water buffalo lactoperoxidase (WBLP) was purified with Amberlite CG 50 H+ resin, CM Sephadex C-50 ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography from skim milk. All purification steps of the WBLP were shown with SDS-PAGE and Rz (A412/A280) controlled the purification degree of the enzyme. Rz value for the purified WBLP was 0.8. To determine purification steps and kinetic properties, the activity of enzyme was measured by using 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) as a choromogenic substrate at pH=6. Km, Vmax, optimum pH, and optimum temperature for the WBLP were found by means of graphics for ABTS as substrates. Optimum pH and optimum temperature of the WBLP were 6 and 60 degrees C, respectively. Km value at optimum pH and optimum temperature for the WBLP was 0.82 mM. Vmax value at optimum pH and optimum temperature was 13.7 micromol/mL x min. Km value at optimum pH and 25 degrees C for the WBLP was 0.77 mM. Vmax value at optimum pH and 25 degrees C was 4.83 micromol/mL x min. The purified WBLP was found to have high antibacterial activity in a thiocynate-H2O2 medium for some pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginose, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus saphrophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Shigella dysenteriae and compared with well known antibacterial substances such as tetracycline, penicillin, and netilmicine.     

漆酶在磁性壳聚糖微球上的固定及其酶学性质研究

以磁性壳聚糖微球为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,共价结合制备固定化漆酶。探讨了漆酶固定化的影响因素,并对固定化漆酶的性质进行了研究。确定漆酶固定化适宜条件为：50 mg磁性壳聚糖微球,加入10mL 0.8mg/mL 漆酶磷酸盐缓冲液（0.1mol/L,pH 7.0）,在4℃固定2h。固定化酶最适pH为3.0, 最适温度分别为10℃和55℃,均比游离酶降低5℃。在pH 3.0,温度37℃时,固定化酶对ABTS的表观米氏常数为171.1μmol/L。与游离酶相比,该固定化漆酶热稳定性明显提高,并具有良好的操作和存储稳定性。     

Properties of immobilized pepsin on Modified PMMA microspheres

In this work we use micro-size poly(methyl methacrylate)/acrylaldehyde microspheres as a support for pepsin immobilization. The aldehyde groups on the microspheres offer a very simple, mild and firm combination for enzyme immobilization. The amount of enzyme we can bind to this support reaches 82 mg/g, which is much higher than for other supports (mostly less than 10 mg/g). Compared to free enzyme, the Km of immobilized enzyme is increased, whereas the Vmax is decreased. Further, the Vmax/Km value for immobilized pepsin is about 50% of the value for free enzyme. This is better than values reported previously, generally lower than 35%. The optimum temperature shifts from 43 degrees C for free pepsin to 47 degrees C. However, the optimum pH does not change between free and immobilized enzyme. This improved resistance of the immobilized enzyme towards changes in temperature and pH also shows that the aldehyde modified poly(methyl methacrylate)/acrylaldehyde microspheres can be a valuable support for pepsin immobilization.     

Glutaraldehyde activation of polymer Nylon-6 for lipase immobilization: enzyme characteristics and stability

An extracellular alkaline lipase of a thermo tolerant Bacillus coagulans BTS-3 was immobilized onto glutaraldehyde activated Nylon-6 by covalent binding. Under optimum conditions, the immobilization yielded a protein loading of 228 microg/g of Nylon-6. Immobilized enzyme showed maximum activity at a temperature of 55 degrees C and pH 7.5. The enzyme was stable between pH 7.5-9.5. It retained 88% of its original activity at 55 degrees C for 2h and also retained 85% of its original activity after eight cycles of hydrolysis of p-NPP. Kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were found to be 4mM and 10 micromol/min/ml, respectively. The influence of organic solvents on the catalytic activity of immobilized enzyme was also evaluated. The bound lipase showed enhanced activity when exposed to n-heptane. The substrate specificity of immobilized enzyme revealed more efficient hydrolysis of higher carbon length (C-16) ester than other ones.     

Preparation and characterization of kappa-carrageenan immobilized urease

Urease was encapsulated within kappa-carrageenan beads. Various parameters, such as amount of kappa-carrageenan and enzyme activity, were optimized for the immobilization of urease. Immobilized urease was thoroughly characterized for pH, temperature, and storage stabilities and these properties were compared with the free enzyme. The free urease activity quickly decreased and the half time of the activity decay was about 3 days at 4 degrees C. The immobilized urease remained very active over a long period of time and this enzyme lost about 70.43% of its orginal activity over the period of 26 days for storage at 4 degrees C. The Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum reaction velocity (Vmax) were calculated from Lineweaver-Burk plots for both free and immobilized enzyme systems. Vmax = 227.3 U/mg protein, Km = 65.6 mM for free urease and Vmax = 153.9 U/mg protein, Km = 96.42 mM for immobilized urease showed a moderate decrease of enzyme specific activity and change of substrate affinity.