假密环菌Armillariella tabescens EJLY2098 β-甘露聚糖酶的克隆、表达及性质分析

本研究利用RT-PCR和RACE技术从Armillariella tabescens EJLY2098(一种食用真菌)中克隆出了β-甘露聚糖酶的全长cDNA,构建到pPICZaA载体上,并在毕赤酵母GSIl5中表达了含His标签的β-甘露聚糖酶(re-atMAN47).该酶的全长cDNA共1481 bp,编码445个氨基酸,序列分析表明该序列除含有β-甘露聚糖酶结构域外,还含有CBD和GHF5的结构域,因此可被归为糖苷水解酶家族5的一个新成员.诱导培养72 h时重组酶活可达到1.067 U/mL,蛋白含量为440 mg/L.重组酶的最适反应温度为60℃.在30℃～65℃比较稳定;酶促最适pH为5.5、4.5～7.0之间比较稳定.这是首次关于Armillariella.tabescens EJLY2098产β-甘露聚糖酶的报道,得到了一个有较好热稳定性、pH稳定性和生物安全性的糖苷水解酶,将在饲料,食品、药物生产等方面有广泛的应用.     

Armillariella tabescens EJLY2098 β-甘露聚糖酶atMAN47的纯化及酶学性质分析

以魔芋精粉为唯一碳源, 对假蜜环菌(Armillariella tabescens) EJLY2098进行培养, 诱导其产生β-甘露聚糖酶。经DEAE－阴离子交换层析后, 分离纯化出β-甘露聚糖酶atMAN47。酶学性质分析: 该酶分子量约为47 kD, 酶的最适反应温度为50°C, 在pH 5.0~6.5之间该酶的稳定性较好; Na+ 和Ba2+ 对该酶有激活作用, 用TLC对酶产物分析, 表明该酶为内切β-甘露聚糖酶。该酶为偏酸性的内切甘露聚糖酶, 适合发展为饲料的酶制剂, 具有良好的应用前景。     

Armillariella tabescens EJLY2098β-甘露聚糖酶的诱导、纯化及酶学性质分析

Armillariella tabescens EJLY2098经魔芋精粉诱导,可产β-甘露聚糖酶,再用正交实验优化诱导培养基,结果在培养基为魔芋精粉2％、蛋白胨1％、土豆汁25％、KH2PO4 0.3％、MgSO4·7H2O 0.15％、维生素B1 0.01％时可诱导出较高活性的酶。用DEAE－阴离子交换色谱从培养上清分离纯化β-甘露聚糖酶,出现2个活性组份。 活性组份P2 的SDS-PAGE分析,发现为电泳纯的一条带,分子量约78.9kD。 HPTLC分析, P2为内切β-甘露聚糖酶;酶反应的最适温度为60℃,最适pH 为4.0～6.0。保温30min的半失活温度t1/2为63℃,在pH 4.5～6.0之间稳定性较好。Na+和Ba2+对其有激活作用,等电点pI约为4.0～4.1。本研究获得了一株产β-甘露聚糖酶的新菌种,为进一步用基因工程方法克隆并构建具有完整自主知识产权的重组β-甘露聚糖酶基因工程菌提供了一个重要的基础工作。     

耐酸性黑曲霉β-甘露聚糖酶的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达分析

目的:克隆黑曲霉β-甘露聚糖酶基因,研究该基因在毕赤酵母中的表达情况。方法:运用RT-PCR从黑曲霉AN070902中克隆β-甘露聚糖酶cDNA片段,与载体pPIC9K相连,构建重组载体VMAN-pPIC9K,电转化毕赤酵母GS115,筛选产酶最高菌株进行5 L液体发酵,对该菌株所产重组酶进行酶学性质分析。结果:克隆获得1152 bpcDNA,编码由383个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质,该蛋白质属于GH5家族,理论pI和相对分子质量分别为4.48和41.6×103;筛选获得的重组菌株VMAN-pPIC9K-GS115在5 L液体发酵中上清酶活达11 785 U/mL;表达的重组酶是一种酸性β-甘露聚糖酶,最适反应pH值为3.0,经pH2.0～9.0处理2 h后剩余酶活保持90%以上;该重组酶最适反应温度为65℃,70℃处理1 h后剩余酶活保持75%以上;该重组酶活性被1 mmol/L的Fe3+和Mn2+显著抑制,被1mmol/L的Co2+显著激活。结论:重组耐酸性β-甘露聚糖酶的特性,决定了其在工业生产中,特别是动物饲料和食品加工中具有应用价值。     

里氏木霉内切-β-甘露聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

采用PCR方法从里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)基因组中获得含有两个内含子的内切-β-甘露聚糖酶全长基因,末端重叠延伸PCR去除内含子后,将其插入到巴斯德毕赤酵母(Picher pastoris)表达载体pPIC9K中,位于α-因子信号肽序列的下游,并与之同框,获得重组质粒pM242。重组质粒线性化后用电击法转化毕赤酵母菌株GS115。经大量筛选,获得高效分泌表达内切甘露聚糖酶的毕赤酵母工程菌株Gpmf25。摇瓶发酵结果表明,培养基中甘露聚糖酶的活力可达12.5IU/mL。重组酶最适pH和最适反应温度分别为5.0和80℃,在pH5.0～6.0时酶活稳定,在pH5.4时70℃保温30min酶活维持50％以上。     

基于易错PCR的假密环菌Armillariella tabescens MAN47 b-甘露聚糖酶耐高温定向进化

本研究利用易错PCR技术突变假密环菌Armillariella tabescens MAN47 β-甘露聚糖酶野生型基因,PCR产物与大肠杆菌-酿酒酵母穿梭表达载体pYCα上连接,在大肠杆菌DH5α中扩增后电转入酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae,构建了库容为104的初级突变体库,筛选得到耐高温最佳突变株M262。DNS法测得80oC处理30min后最大酶活力为25U/mL,较之野生型最适条件酶活力提高了4.3倍。序列分析表明,突变体有3个碱基发生了突变:T343A/C827T/T1139C,相应的氨基酸改变为Ser115Thr/Thr276Met/Val380Ala,利用SWISS-MODEL数据库同源建模显示,这3个突变氨基酸分别位于第4个β折叠的第6个氨基酸、第6个α螺旋的第1个氨基酸、第10个α螺旋和第11个β折叠之间的转角。     

葡萄穗霉中β-甘露聚糖酶基因在黑曲霉中的表达及酶学性质

【目的】以黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)为宿主菌来表达葡萄穗霉(Stachybotrys chartarum)中的β-甘露聚糖酶(β-mannanase)基因。【方法】通过对葡萄穗霉全基因组进行比对分析,获得编码β-甘露聚糖酶基因s16942和s331的序列信息,通过设计引物,PCR扩增得到基因s16942和s331,连接到载体pGm上,并转化到黑曲霉中,获得的转化子经过amdS二筛平板复筛,测序验证,得到高效表达此基因的工程菌株G1-pGm-s16942和G1-pGm-s331。【结果】SDS-PAGE检测结果显示,G1-pGm-s16942和G1-pGm-s331表达的蛋白分子量大小分别约为48 kDa和60 kDa,且阴性对照中没有此条带。粗酶液的酶学性质表明,G1-p Gm-s16942表达的β-甘露聚糖酶的最适反应温度为60°C,最适反应pH为7,粗酶液的酶活最高达521 U/mL;G1-p Gm-s331表达的β-甘露聚糖酶的最适反应温度为50°C,最适反应pH为7,粗酶液的酶活最高达84 U/mL。【结论】本研究首次将葡萄穗霉的β-甘露聚糖酶基因转化到黑曲霉中并成功表达,并且具有较高的活性。     

一种耐热偏酸性β-甘露聚糖酶基因克隆与高效表达

【目的】克隆半纤维素降解高效菌株Bacillus subtilis BE-91的甘露聚糖酶基因并进行原核表达,对表达产物进行酶学性质研究。【方法】采用PCR扩增法从B. subtilis BE-91菌株中克隆β-甘露聚糖酶基因,分别连接到pEASY-E1和pET28a载体,导入Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达。用DNS法对工程菌株的胞内和胞外β-甘露聚糖酶进行定量分析,选取胞外甘露聚糖酶活力高的组分进行酶学性质研究。【结果】从B. subtilis BE-91菌株中克隆的β-甘露聚糖酶基因(GenBank登录号：KP277209)在E. coli中获得高效表达,工程菌株pEASY-man/BL产胞外β-甘露聚糖酶的活性可达229.1 IU/mL;该基因序列全长960 bp,包含319个氨基酸的编码序列和一个终止密码子;表达产物的最适反应温度为65 °C,最适反应pH为6.0,属于耐热偏酸性β-甘露聚糖酶;该酶稳定温度≤65 °C,稳定pH为4.5?7.0;1 mmol/L的Cu2+、Mn2+、Zn2+、Ca2+对该酶有激活作用,而Ba2+和Pb2+有强烈抑制作用。【结论】B. subtilis BE-91拥有珍贵的β-甘露聚糖酶基因资源,其胞外表达产物的耐热偏酸性酶学性质在开发饲料添加剂方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

基于易错PCR的假密环菌Armillariella tabescens MAN47β-甘露聚糖酶耐高温定向进化

本研究利用易错PCR技术突变假密环菌Armillariella tabescens MAN47β-甘露聚糖酶野生型基因,PCR产物与大肠杆菌-酿酒酵母穿梭表达载体pYCα上连接,在大肠杆菌DH5α中扩增后电转入酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae,构建了库容为10_4的初级突变体库,筛选得到耐高温最佳突变株M262.DNS法测得80℃处理30 min后最大酶活力为25 U/mL,较之野生型最适条件酶活力提高了4.3倍.序列分析表明,突变体有3个碱基发生了突变:T343A/C827T/T1139C,相应的氨基酸改变为Ser115Thr/Thr276Met/Val380Ala,利用SWISS-MODEL数据库同源建模显示,这3个突变氨基酸分别位于第4个13折叠的第6个氨基酸、第6个α螺旋的第1个氨基酸、第10个α螺旋和第11个β折叠之间的转角.     

黑曲霉嗜热β-甘露聚糖酶在毕赤酵母中的克隆表达及其魔芋降解产物分析

根据毕赤酵母密码子偏好性优化设计合成一段来自黑曲霉BK01的嗜热β-甘露聚糖酶基因,通过构建表达载体pPICZαA-man线性化后电转化入不同的毕赤酵母宿主,获得最佳重组菌KM71-MAN,其发酵罐发酵酶活最高达2 318.85 IU/mL。表达产物纯化后的分子量约为40 kD,最适反应温度为80℃,最适pH为5.0。该酶在70℃(pH5.0)保温44 h仍能保留43%的酶活力且在pH3.0-7.0范围内保温70 h(50℃)酶活力仍能保留85%以上。利用发酵罐所产重组酶酶解魔芋胶制备甘露低聚糖,产物以甘露二糖和甘露六糖为主,甘露低聚糖得率为55.6%。该重组β-甘露聚糖酶具有良好的热稳定性和pH稳定性,在魔芋制备甘露低聚糖中具有较好的应用潜能。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).