乌司他丁联合生长抑素辅助连续血液净化对重症胰腺炎患者血清HSP70、IL-15、HMGB1水平的影响

目的:研究乌司他丁联合生长抑素辅助连续血液净化对重症胰腺炎患者血清热休克蛋白70(Heat shock protein 70,HSP70)、白介素-15(Interleukin-15,IL-15)、高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group protein1,HMGB1)水平的影响。方法:选择2018年5月～2019年10月在我院就诊的82例重症胰腺炎患者,依据入院先后顺序分为对照组(40例)和研究组(42例)。对照组采用生长抑素辅助连续血液净化治疗,研究组采用乌司他丁联合生长抑素辅助连续血液净化治疗。观察和比较两组临床疗效,症状改善时间,治疗前后血清白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、尿素氮(Urea nitrogen,BUN)、血肌酐(Serum creatinine,Scr)、血淀粉酶(amylase,AMY)、HSP70、IL-15、HMGB1水平及急性生理学及慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分的变化情况和不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,研究组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05),症状改善时间及住院时间均少于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组Alb均较治疗前显著上升,BUN、Scr、AMY、APACHEⅡ评分、血清HSP70、IL-15、HMGB1水平均较治疗前明显下降,研究组以上指标的变化较对照组更明显(P0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁联合生长抑素辅助血液净化有利于重症胰腺炎患者病情恢复,减轻临床症状,降低HSP70、IL-15和HMGB1水平。     

重症胰腺炎早期液体复苏及蛋白血浆制品干预的疗效分析

摘要 目的：探究与分析重症胰腺炎早期液体复苏及蛋白血浆制品干预的疗效。方法：2018年7月到2021年4月选择在本院诊治的重症胰腺炎患者94例,根据随机数字1：1分组法将患者分为研究组与对照组各47例。对照组给予常规早期液体复苏治疗,研究组在对照组治疗的基础上给予蛋白血浆制品治疗,所有患者都治疗观察5 d。对比与记录两组患者的预后变化情况。结果：研究组治疗期间并发症及机械通气发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组治疗的血乳酸值低于治疗前,乳酸清除率高于治疗前（P<0.05）;两组治疗后的SOFA评分和APACHE Ⅱ评分低于治疗前,研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组治疗后的的血小板与血红蛋白水平都低于治疗前,研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：早期液体复苏联合蛋白血浆制品干预在重症胰腺炎的应用能改善患者的病情与血乳酸状况,有利于血小板与血红蛋白水平恢复正常,从而能降低患者的并发症与机械通气发生率。     

小剂量糖皮质激素联合持续性血液净化治疗儿童严重脓毒症的效果及安全性研究

摘要 目的：分析小剂量糖皮质激素联合持续性血液净化治疗儿童严重脓毒症的效果及安全性。方法：选择自2021年1月至2023年1月接诊的102例儿童严重脓毒症患儿作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各51例;对照组予以经典治疗方案,观察组在对照组的基础上,予以小剂量糖皮质激素联合持续性血液净化治疗;记录两组治疗后各项信息,比较两组治疗前后外周血乳酸、中心静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO₂）、血清炎症指标、PCIS评分、APACHE Ⅱ评分,观察主要并发症发生情况。结果：与对照组相比,观察组机械通气、低血压持续及入住ICU等时间较短,7 d内停升压药率较高（P＜0.05）;两组28 d病死率比较无差异（P＞0.05）;观察组治疗后乳酸、降钙素原（PCT）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）水平均较对照组低,ScvO₂水平较对照组高（P＜0.05）;观察组治疗后PCIS评分较对照组高,APACHE Ⅱ评分较对照组低（P＜0.05）;观察组主要并发症发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：小剂量糖皮质激素联合持续性血液净化治疗有利于儿童严重脓毒症患儿病情转归,减少主要并发症发生,可能与阻断炎症反应有关,值得进一步研究应用。     

苓桂术甘汤对老年脾胃气虚型功能型消化不良患者胃蛋白酶原、胃泌素及血液流变学的影响

摘要 目的：研究苓桂术甘汤对老年脾胃气虚型功能型消化不良患者的临床治疗效果,并探讨治疗对患者胃蛋白酶原、胃泌素和血液流变学的影响。方法：选取2020年1月到2021年10月在我院接受治疗的老年脾胃气虚型功能型消化不良患者120例,按治疗方式分为对照组以及研究组,对照组患者给予常规药物治疗,研究组患者在对照组基础上加用苓桂术甘汤进行治疗,比较两组患者临床治疗疗效和治疗前后生活质量评分、中医症候积分、血清胃蛋白酶I和II、血清胃泌素-17、血液流变学。结果：（1）研究组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于对照组（93.33 % vs 75.00 %,P<0.05）;（2）治疗后,两组患者的生活质量评分升高,而中医症候积分降低,且研究组优于对照组（P<0.05）;（3）两组患者治疗后血胃蛋白酶I和II、血清胃泌素-17均显著降低,并且治疗后研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）;（4）两组患者治疗后血液流变学指标（高切全血黏度、低切全血黏度和血浆黏度）均显著降低,并且研究组降低程度显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：加用苓桂术甘汤治疗老年脾胃气虚型功能型消化不良可显著提高临床治疗疗效,改善患者生活质量,降低患者血清胃蛋白酶原、胃泌素以及血流变学指标表达。     

强化肠内营养对急诊重症患者血糖控制及病情转归的影响

摘要 目的：考察强化肠内营养对急诊重症患者血糖、营养状态以及并发症的影响。方法：以300例2018年4月-2020年3月就入住我院ICU的患者为研究对象,分为对照组和研究组,每组150例。对照组患者进行肠外营养支持,研究组患者予以肠内营养治疗,通过考察患者血糖、24 h胰岛素使用量、血清总蛋白(Total protein,Tp)、白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、肌酐(creatinine,Scr)以及并发症等指标,评价其对病情的影响。结果：研究组24 h内平均血糖为89.8±38.4 mg/dl,显著低于对照组的157.6±68.3 mg/dl(P＜0.05),研究组24 h内胰岛素使用量为18.6±12.3 μ,显著低于对照组的34.7±30.6 μ(P＜0.05)。治疗前,两组患者Tp、Alb和肌酐清除率 (creatinine clearance,CCR)水平均无显著差异(P＞0.05),治疗后,两组Tp和Alb水平显著升高,CCR水平显著降低(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,研究组患者Tp和Alb水平显著升高,CCR水平显著降低(P＜0.05)。两组均存在不同程度的腹泻、腹胀以及上消化道出血情况,其中对照组的总发生率为23.33 %,研究组的为26.67 %,经比较,无显著差异(P＞0.05)。结论：强化肠内营养能有效改善急诊重症患者的血糖水平,改善患者的营养状态,安全性高。     

醒脑静联合高压氧对急性一氧化碳中毒患者脑功能、肝肾功能及血清氧自由基的影响

摘要 目的：探讨醒脑静联合高压氧对急性一氧化碳中毒（ACOP）患者脑功能、肝肾功能及血清氧自由基的影响。方法：选取2017年1月至2020年1月期间我院收治的ACOP患者60例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（n=30）和研究组（n=30）,在常规治疗的基础上,对照组给予高压氧治疗,研究组给予醒脑静联合高压氧治疗,对比两组疗效、脑功能、肝肾功能、血清氧自由基以及平均苏醒时间、平均住院时间、迟发性脑病发生率。结果：研究组的临床总有效率为93.33%（28/30）,高于对照组的70.00%（21/30）（P<0.05）。两组治疗后天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后丙二醛 （MDA）较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组治疗后超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）均较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后年龄相关性脑白质改变（ARWMC）分级量表、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）;两组治疗后简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组平均苏醒时间、平均住院时间均短于对照组,迟发性脑病发生率少于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：醒脑静联合高压氧治疗ACOP患者的疗效显著,有助于患者恢复,可有效清除其血清氧自由基,保护其脑功能、肝肾功能,减少迟发性脑病发生率。     

西比灵联合NGF对脑出血患者的NIHSS、ADL评分及血肿体积改善效果

摘要 目的：研究西比灵联合神经生长因子(NGF)对脑出血患者的NIHSS、ADL评分及血肿体积影响。方法：研究对象选取我院2015年9月到2016年10月间收治的脑出血98例,采用随机数字法分为2组,每组各49例。对照组接受常规基础性治疗,在此基础上,研究组患者口服西比灵联合肌肉注射NGF治疗。比较两组患者的治疗总有效率,同时比较血肿、水肿带体积、神经功能缺损量表(NIHSS)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分、神经源性营养因子（BDNF）、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1（MCP-1）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平变化情况及不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗后,两组总有效率比较差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,研究组和对照组血肿体积、水肿带体积比较无显著差异;治疗后,研究组和对照组血肿体积、水肿带体积随着时间的推移而降低,且研究组均低于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,研究组和对照组NIHSS、ADL评分比较无显著差异;治疗后,研究组和对照组NIHSS随着时间的推移而降低,且研究组均低于对照组,ADL评分随着时间的推移而升高,且研究组高于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,研究组和对照组BDNF、MCP-1、NSE比较无显著差异;治疗后,研究组和对照组MCP-1、NSE随着时间的推移而降低,且研究组均低于对照组,BDNF随着时间的推移而升高,且研究组高于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;两组不良反应比较无效显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：脑出血患者应用西比灵联合NGF效果可靠,可明显减少继发性损伤,且治疗安全性较高,值得在临床推广。     

不同营养支持对急性重症胰腺炎的效果对比及对血清钙离子、hs-CRP、AMS、PCT的影响

摘要 目的：探讨不同营养支持对急性重症胰腺炎的效果对比及对血清钙离子、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、淀粉酶（AMS）、降钙素原（PCT）的影响。方法：选择2015年1月到2020年12月在我院接受治疗的131例急性重症胰腺炎患者,采用随机数表法分为试验组（n=66）和对照组（n=65）。对照组给予肠外营养支持治疗,试验组给予肠内营养支持治疗。比较两组临床疗效、钙离子、hs-CRP、AMS、PCT、D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶（DAO）、内毒素、临床症状改善情况及不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗后,两组总有效率比较差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,试验组和对照组血清抑钙离子、hs-CRP、AMS、PCT比较无显著差异;治疗后,试验组和对照组血清hs-CRP、AMS、PCT随着时间的推移而降低,且试验组均低于对照组,血清钙离子随着时间的推移而升高,且试验组高于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗前,试验组和对照组血清D-乳酸、DAO、内毒素比较无显著差异;治疗后试验组和对照组血清D-乳酸、DAO、内毒素随着时间的推移而降低,且试验组均低于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;试验组腹痛缓解、肠鸣音恢复、血淀粉酶恢复及尿淀粉酶恢复时间均显著低于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;两组不良反应总发生率分别为9.09%、15.38%（P>0.05）。结论：在急性重症胰腺炎患者中应用肠内营养支持效果显著,可有效改善血清钙离子、hs-CRP、AMS、PCT水平,且不良反应较低。     

衰弱与老年呼吸衰竭患者预后的关系及对死亡风险的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨衰弱与老年I型、II型呼吸衰竭患者预后的关系及对死亡风险的预测价值。方法：回顾性分析224例因呼吸衰竭入住首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院呼吸与危重症医学科的老年患者的临床资料,根据衰弱量表评分将患者分为轻度衰弱组（衰弱量表评分≤5分）、中度衰弱组（衰弱量表评分为6分）和重度衰弱组（衰弱量表评分为7分）。对比老年I型、II型呼吸衰竭患者不同衰弱程度的临床资料,采用多元Logistic回归分析预后的危险因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）分析衰弱量表评分联合其他指标对患者死亡风险的预测能力。结果：I型呼吸衰竭入院的不同衰弱程度组老年患者的死亡率比较未见统计学差异（P>0.05）;II型呼吸衰竭入院的重度衰弱组老年患者的死亡率高于轻度衰弱组和中度衰弱组（P<0.05）;多元Logistic回归分析结果显示：年龄、血乳酸、急性生理和慢性健康状况评分II（APACHE II）评分是影响老年I型呼吸衰竭患者死亡的独立危险因素（P<0.05）;衰弱量表评分、年龄、APACHE II评分及血乳酸水平均为老年II型呼吸衰竭患者死亡的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。衰弱量表评分联合年龄、APACHE II评分、血乳酸预测老年II型呼吸衰竭患者死亡风险的AUC大于衰弱量表评分、年龄、APACHE II评分、血乳酸单独预测。结论：衰弱与老年I型呼吸衰竭患者预后无关,衰弱是老年II型呼吸衰竭患者发生死亡事件的独立危险因素,对老年II型呼吸衰竭进行衰弱量表评分可辅助评估患者预后。     

连续性血液净化治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨连续性血液净化治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取60例重症急性胰腺炎患者并随机分为两组,观察组(31例)给予连续血液净化治疗,对照组(29例)给予常规治疗。检测盒比较两组治疗前后C反应蛋白(CRP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)、碳酸氢根离子(HCO_3~-)、血肌酐(Scr)水平、急性生理与慢性健康评分(APACHEⅡ)和多器官功能障碍综合征评分(MODS评分)及治疗期间并发症的发生情况和存活情况。结果:治疗后,两组CRP、ALT、HCO3~-、Scr水平均明显下降,PaO_2/FiO_2水平明显升高(P0.05),且观察组CRP、ALT、HCO_3~-、Scr水平低于对照组,而PaO_2/FiO_2水平高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组APACHEⅡ和MODS评分均较治疗前有所下降,且观察组分值明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗期间并发症发生率和存活率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:连续性血液净化治疗对重症急性胰腺炎具有较好的治疗效果,能显著改善多器官功能,降低体内炎症反应,调节水电解质平衡,治疗具有较高的安全性。     

Serology and systematics of the Ebenales and the Theales

The systematic position ofthe Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Ochnaceae, Stachyuraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae has been investigated using serological comparisons of sets of antigenic determinants. The results show that the Sytracaceae and Sapotaceae are undoubtedly more closely associated with the Actinidiaeceae and Theaceae, respectively, than with each other. We found no corresponding determinants betnween antigen systems from the Ebenaceae and systems from any other family whose relations to this family have been proposed. As discovered previously, investigations of antigen systems from the Ochnaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Stachyuraceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae are against the idea of a natural order “Theales” in which these families, or at least some of them, are combined with the Theaceae and Actinidiaceae. This paper completes our previous investigations which largely support a superorder Ericanae sensu Ehrendorfer and Takhtajan. We propose to include the Actinidiaceae and Theaceae in this superorder, assigning them a central position laong with the Sapotaceae and Sytracaeae on one side and the Primulales and Ericales on the other. Another most interesting finding is that there are corresponding determinants between antigen systems from the members of the Ericanae and representatives of the Polemoniaceae and Loasaceae.     

Anthropology and genetics of the caucasus peoples and the problem of the origin of the caucasoids

The electrophoretical polymorphisms of some blood proteins were studied in the Talysh population of Pirasora situated in South-East Azerbaidjan. We calculated the gene frequencies of these polymorphisms and determined the genetic distances between the Talyshes and some Iranian populations of North, Central and South Iran, Afghans, and three populations of Azerbaijan. The Talyshes are very close to Iranians of Shiraz, whereas they are distant from the Azerbaijanians. Anthropological investigations showed that the Caucasoids and Mongoloids lived in the Aragvi Basin since the Eneolithic period. This was stated by Alexeev (1974), who emphasized the mixture of the Caucasus populations from ancient times on. We calculated the genetic distances between the Caucasus populations and numerous populations of other geographic regions, considering 28 alleles of 12 loci of blood group, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms and constructed the dendrogram of these populations. The position of the Caucasus populations in the dendrogram corresponds on principle to the earlier anthropological observations. The clustering of the Caucasoid populations corresponds completely with anthropological and historical data, and supports our earlier hypothesis (Nazarova 1999) concerning the differentiation of Caucasoids, Northern Mongoloids and Amerinds from the populations, which inhabitated Asia in palaeolithic times.     

On the structure and dynamics of the complex of the nucleosome and the linker histone

Several different models of the linker histone (LH)–nucleosome complex have been proposed, but none of them has unambiguously revealed the position and binding sites of the LH on the nucleosome. Using Brownian dynamics-based docking together with normal mode analysis of the nucleosome to account for the flexibility of two flanking 10 bp long linker DNAs (L-DNA), we identified binding modes of the H5-LH globular domain (GH5) to the nucleosome. For a wide range of nucleosomal conformations with the L-DNA ends less than 65 Å apart, one dominant binding mode was identified for GH5 and found to be consistent with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. GH5 binds asymmetrically with respect to the nucleosomal dyad axis, fitting between the nucleosomal DNA and one of the L-DNAs. For greater distances between L-DNA ends, docking of GH5 to the L-DNA that is more restrained and less open becomes favored. These results suggest a selection mechanism by which GH5 preferentially binds one of the L-DNAs and thereby affects DNA dynamics and accessibility and contributes to formation of a particular chromatin fiber structure. The two binding modes identified would, respectively, favor a tight zigzag chromatin structure or a loose solenoid chromatin fiber.     

人类基因组及后基因组研究进展及其应用与开发研究现状

人类对自身基因组的研究,随着人类基因组工作草图的绘制完成和对基因功能研究的深入已加快进入了实质性、关键性的开发利用阶段。本文概述了人类基因组及后基因组的研究进展及依此开展基因治疗及基因（组）药物研制等应用开发研究的现状。     

Kinematics and dynamics of the temporomandibular joint and of the movements of the mandible

In order to analyze the complicated movements of the mandible as the open-closing movement and the protrusio are, it is useful to evaluate the basic kinematic principles and reduce them to simple technical constructions. Both the open-closing movement and the protrusio could be reduced to 4-bar links, which were used to simulate the movements with help of a computer. Besides, the polodes and the curves of points in the muscular attachments could be constructed. The 2 entirely different 4-bar links have 3 things in common: The resting system - cranium, the moving system - mandibula, and 1 of the 2 arms connecting these 2 systems - the ligamentum laterale. As this ligament is taut during movements it can be considered a "guiding ligament" representing 1 of the 3 determining components of the mandibular movements. The other of the 2 arms has no anatomical equivalent; this arm, however, is "replaced" by the 2 other determining components of the mandibular movements: the joint and the muscles. The curves, which the Caput mandibulae describes, are practically identical for the open-closing movement and the protrusio despite of the different 4-bar links and these curves exactly correspond to the Discus articularis, taut by the upper part of the M. pterygoideus lateralis. The muscles do not only just move the mandibula, but they are also the component, which can choose between the different mandibular movements. By means of the curves, which points in the muscular attachments describe, the function of the masticatory muscles could be analyzed exactly.     

Biophysics and Structure of the Patch and the Gigaseal

Interpreting channel behavior in patches requires an understanding of patch structure and dynamics, especially in studies of mechanosensitive channels. High resolution optical studies show that patch formation occurs via blebbing that disrupts normal membrane structure and redistributes in situ components including ion channels. There is a 1-2 μm region of the seal below the patch where proteins are excluded and this may consist of extracted lipids that form the gigaseal. Patch domes often have complex geometries with inhomogeneous stresses due to the membrane-glass adhesion energy (E_a), cytoskeletal forces, and possible lipid subdomains. The resting tension in the patch dome ranges from 1-4 mN/m, a significant fraction of the lytic tension of a bilayer (∼10 mN/m). Thus, all patch experiments are conducted under substantial, and uneven, resting tension that may alter the kinetics of many channels. E_a seems dominated by van der Waals attraction overlaid with a normally repulsive Coulombic force. High ionic strength pipette saline increased E_a and, surprisingly, increased cytoskeletal rigidity in cell-attached patches. Low pH pipette saline also increased E_a and reduced the seal selectivity for cations, presumably by neutralizing the membrane surface charge. The seal is a negatively charged, cation selective, space with a resistance of ∼7 gigohm/μm in 100 mM KCl, and the high resistivity of the space may result from the presence of high viscosity glycoproteins. Patches creep up the pipette over time with voltage independent and voltage dependent components. Voltage-independent creep is expected from the capillary attraction of E_a and the flow of fresh lipids from the cell. Voltage-dependent creep seems to arise from electroosmosis in the seal. Neutralization of negative charges on the seal membrane with low pH decreased the creep rate and reversed the direction of creep at positive pipette potentials.     

The efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in the caesarean section and the effect on the vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in caesarean section and vital signs and the hemodynamics of the lying-in women.MethodsA total of 480 lying-in women who were admitted to this hospital for treatment between December 2017 and June 2018 were enrolled into this study as the subjects, which were divided into the experiment group and the control group, with 240 subjects in each group. In the experiment group, subjects received the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL ropivacaine (0.75%), while those in the control group also took the local anesthesia by infusion of 1.5 mL bupivacaine (0.75%). Thereafter, we observed the differences in the anesthetic efficiency, vital signs and hemodynamics of the lying-in women between two groups.ResultsThe excellent and good rates of the anesthesia in two groups were 92.1% and 87.9%, showing no obvious difference; in the experiment group, the average arterial pressures and systolic pressures at 5 min and 10 min after combined spinal and epidural analgesia (CSEA) were all elevated when comparing to the control group (all P < 0.05); in the experiment group, the onset time was obviously extended, while duration of sensory and motor block and the duration of motor block were all shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). During anesthesia, the incidence rate of the adverse reactions in the control group was 2.50%, significantly higher than 0.83% in the experiment group (P < 0.05).ConclusionDespite that ropivacaine and bupivacaine are efficient in anesthesia in the CSEA in the caesarean section, ropivacaine is more recommended for little influence on the hemodynamics, shorter duration of sensory block and motor block and low incidence rate of adverse reactions, which are conducive to the recovery and also safe to the patients.