Kv3.4通道参与15-羟二十碳四烯酸诱导的大鼠肺动脉收缩

通过组织浴槽血管环方法观察Kv3．4通道特异阻断剂BDS-Ⅰ对15-羟二十碳四烯酸（15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid,15-FETE）收缩肺动脉血管的影响;通过酶法分离、培养Wistar大鼠肺动脉血管平滑肌细胞（pulmonary artery smooth musclecells,PASMCs）,RT-PCR和Western blot技术观察15-HETE对大鼠PASMCs上Kv3．4通道表达的影响,以探讨Kv3．4通道在15-HETE收缩肺动脉过程中的作用。结果如下：（1）15-HETE以浓度依赖方式使肺动脉环张力增加,对缺氧组大鼠肺动脉环张力作用更为明显,与正常对照组相比差异显著;（2）除去肺动脉内皮后,15-HETE引起血管收缩的强度较内皮完整时增强,呈剂量依赖性收缩反应;（3）阻断Kv3．4通道可抑制15-HETE收缩肺动脉;（4）15-HETE下调PASMCs膜上Kv3．4通道mRNA及蛋白质表达。上述观察结果提示Kv3．4通道参与由15-HETE引起的缺氧肺动脉血管收缩（hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction,HPV）。     

阴离子及其通道阻断剂对大鼠主动脉张力的影响

目的：研究阴离子及其通道阻断剂在去甲肾上腺素(norepinephdne,NE)引起的血管收缩中的作用。方法：常规离体血管灌流法。结果：阴离子通道阻断剂尼氟灭酸(niflurnic acid,NFA)和5-硝基-2-(3-苯丙氨基)-苯甲酸[5-nito-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid,NPPB]可以抑制去甲肾上腺素NE引起的血管收缩;用胆碱替代灌流液中的Na^ 后血管张力无明显变化,而谷氨酸钠替代灌流液中的NaCl后血管张力下降,用同族元素Br^-替代Cl^-后血管张力增加,并能被NFA和NPPB所抑制。结论：阴离子在维持血管张力中的作用比Na^ 更为重要,提示阴离子通道可能在高血压发病中起一定作用。     

尼氟灭酸在大鼠低氧高二氧化碳性肺血管收缩中的作用

目的：探讨氯离子通道阻断剂一尼氟灭酸（NFA）在大鼠低氧高二氧化碳性肺血管收缩（HHPV）中的作用。方法：采用大鼠HHPV模型,二、三级动脉环分别随机分4组（n=8）：常氧组（N组）、低氧高二氧化碳组（H组）、DMSO组（HD组）、尼氟灭酸组（NFA组）。在急性低氧高二氧化碳介质中,采用NFA分别孵育肺二、三级肺动脉环,按照低氧高二氧化碳反应性测定的方法测定其二、三级肺动脉血管环张力的变化,并观察NFA对HHPV的影响。结果：①H组二、三级肺动脉均呈现双向性收缩变化（I期快速收缩、快速舒张;II期持续性收缩）与N组相比有显著性差异（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;②NFA组二、三级肺动脉环的低氧高二氧化碳性血管收缩作用明显减弱,尤其是Ⅱ期的持续收缩,与HD组相比有显著性差异（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论：氯离子通道阻断剂一尼氟灭酸可减轻大鼠二、三级肺动脉环的张力变化率（尤其是Ⅱ期的持续性收缩）,从而发挥拮抗HHPV的作用。     

尼氟灭酸对肝癌细胞增殖的影响

为了观察氯通道阻断剂尼氟灭酸(NFA)对人肝癌细胞(kuman hepatoma cell,HHCC)增殖的影响,我们将NFA作用于HHCC,应用细胞计数法及噻唑兰(MTT)比色分析法观察细胞增殖情况;用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期时相;并用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测[Ca^2 ]i的变化。结果发现,NFA使HHCC细胞数及MTT光吸收值(OD)较对照组都显著降低,去除NFA后,OD值逐渐恢复。经100μmol/L NFA处理48h的HHCC细胞G1期细胞比例比对照组明显增高,S期及G2期细胞比例明显低于对照组。细胞外应用NFA(100μmol/L)使[Ca^2 ]i快速降低,去除NFA后,[Ca^2 ]i可恢复。这些结果表明,尼氟灭酸能抑制细胞增殖,其机制可能与细胞内信号转导Ca^2 /CaM途径被抑制有关。     

库容性Ca2+内流参与ACh诱导的大鼠远端结肠平滑肌收缩

应用生物换能技术和Ca^2＋通道特异性阻断剂观察并记录大鼠离体远端结肠平滑肌收缩张力的变化,分析库容性Ca^2＋内流（capacitative Ca^2＋ entry,CCE）是否与ACh诱导的离体远端结肠平滑肌收缩反应有关。结果表明,以无钙的Krebs液灌流或应用EGTA螯合细胞外Ca^2＋后,高K^＋及ACh引起的远端结肠平滑肌收缩几乎完全消失。电压操纵性Ca^2＋通道阻断剂verapamil也能减弱高K^＋及ACh引起的远端结肠平滑肌收缩,其减弱的程度分别为74％和41％。在无钙的Krebs液中,5μmol／LACh可引起离体肠管瞬时性收缩,这是由肌质网（sarcoplasmic reticulum,SR）释放钙所致：然后加入10μmol／L阿托品（atropine）,并在此基础上恢复细胞外Ca^2＋（2．5mmol／L）,结肠平滑肌则出现持续性收缩,待收缩反应达峰值时,加入5μmol／L verapamil,收缩无明显变化,且该收缩反应对钙库操纵性通道（store-operated Ca^2＋ channel,socc）阻断剂La^3＋敏感,20,50和100μmol／L的La^3＋使上述收缩张力分别降低15％,23％和36％,且呈浓度依赖性,但对Cd^2＋不敏感。研究结果提示,细胞外Ca^2＋内流对高K^＋及ACh介导的离体远端结肠平滑肌持续性收缩是必需的,由ACh诱导的远端结肠平滑肌收缩至少包括SR释放钙引起的短暂性收缩及受体操纵性Ca^2＋通道（receptor-operated Ca^2＋ channel,ROCC）、电压操纵性Ca^2＋通道（voltage-operated Ca^2＋ channel,VOCC）和CCE介导的胞外Ca^2＋ 内流等途径。这将从通道水平进一步分析消化管平滑肌收缩的机制和特征,亦将为预防和控制因胃肠动力紊乱所致的消化管疾病寻求有针对性的药物干预和治疗提供理论依据。     

尼氟灭酸通过钙库钙释放引起豚鼠耳蜗螺旋动脉平滑肌细胞超极化(英文)

本研究旨在观察氯离子通道阻断剂尼氟灭酸（niflumic acid,NFA）引起豚鼠耳蜗螺旋动脉平滑肌细胞产生超极化的机制。以豚鼠为实验动物,运用细胞内微电极和全细胞膜片钳记录技术,观察NFA和其它药物对急性分离的耳蜗螺旋动脉平滑肌细胞的作用。结果显示：NFA、indanyloxyacetic acid94（LAh-94）和diSOdium4,4’-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2’-disulfonate（DIDS）可使低静息膜电位的细胞产生超极化,但对高静息膜电位的细胞无明显作用。低静息膜电位细胞的平均静息电位为（-42．47±1．38）mV（n=24）,100μmol／LNFA、10μmol／LIAA-94和200μmol／LDIDS分别使细胞超极化至（13．7±4．3）mV=9,P〈0．01）,（11．4±4．2）mV（n=7,P〈0．01）和（12．3±3．7）mV（n=8,P〈0．01）,这种氯离子通道阻断剂引起细胞超极化反应的效应呈浓度依赖性。NFA引起的超极化和外向电流几乎完全被100nmol／L iberiotoxin、100nmol／L charybdotoxin、10mmol／L tetraethylammonium、50μmol／LBAPTA—AM、10μmol／Lryanodine和0．1-10mmol／Lcaffeine阻断,但不能被100μmol／Lnifedipine、100μmol／LCdCI,和无Ca^2＋灌流外液阻断。结果捉示：氯离_了通道的阻断剂NFA可通过平滑肌细胞内钙库的钙释放增加细胞内钙,进而激活钙依赖的钾通道,产生耳蜗螺旋动脉平滑肌细胞的超极化反应。     

氯离子通道阻断剂对豚鼠耳蜗螺旋动脉平滑肌细胞兴奋性接头电位的影响

血管平滑肌细胞膜上存在氯离子通道,不仅参与调节平滑肌细胞的肌原性紧张,而且参与多种血管床的神经平滑肌细胞之间的信息传递,但氯离子通道及其阻断剂对耳蜗螺旋动脉（spiral modiol arartery,SMA）平滑肌细胞兴奋性接头电位（excitatory junction potential,EJP）是否有影响,尚不清楚。本实验运用细胞内微电极记录技术,在豚鼠耳蜗SMA离体标本上,研究氯通道阻断剂（niflumic acid,NFA,indanyloxyacetic acid 94,IAA-94;disodium 4,4’-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2．2’-disulfonate,DIDS）对去甲肾上腺素（norepinephrine,NE）引起SMA平滑肌细胞去极化反应和平滑肌细胞EJP的影响。结果显示,多数SMA平滑肌细胞在适宜的刺激下,通过神经兴奋传递产生EJP（75％,n=49）。在联合使用α1（prazosin,0．1-1 μmol／L）,α2（idazoxan,0．3-1μmol／L）和P2x（PPADS,10-100μmol／L）受体拮抗剂时,所产生的EJP幅值仅有30％-80％被抑制。在使用上述拮抗剂的基础上,NFA（10-1000μmol/L）能进一步抑制EJP,而且缩短EJP的时程。减少细胞外氯离子浓度（由135．6mmol／L减少到60mmol／L）,在同样刺激强度下激起的EJP的幅度和时程均增加,低氯的这一作用可被IAA-94和DIDS所反转。NFA和IAA-94也可进一步抑制α1、α2和β受体拮抗剂联合使用不能消除的NE（1—50μmol／L）引起的去极化反应。结果提示：NE可能通过激活一类非α、非β肾上腺能受体（可能属于γ肾上腺能受体）引起氯离子通道开放,增加氯离子电导,调节耳蜗SMA平滑肌细胞的生理活动。     

模拟失重增强大鼠脑动脉血管平滑肌细胞大电导钙激活钾通道功能

本工作旨在探讨短期模拟失重大鼠脑动脉血管平滑肌细胞（vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs）大电导钙激活钾通道（large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels,BKCa channels）功能的改变。以尾部悬吊大鼠模型模拟失重对脑血管的影响。应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜测定VSMCs胞内游离钙浓度（[Ca^2＋]i）;采用细胞贴附模式,记录BKCa通道的单通道活动。结果表明,模拟失重1周后,大鼠脑动脉VSMCs的[Ca^2＋]i比对照组显著升高（P〈0．05）：BKCa通道的开放概率（Po）与平均开放时间（To）显著增加（P〈0．05）,而单通道电导与平均关闭时间（Tc）则无显著变化。总之,1周模拟失重可引起脑动脉VSMCs的BKCa通道功能显著增强,且与细胞[Ca^2＋]i的升高同步出现。结果提示,脑动脉VSMCs的离子通道机制可能参与介导模拟失重引起的脑血管适应性变化。     

持续癫痫样放电导致海马神经元钙离子动力学变化的研究

目的：研究低镁介质致痫的培养海马神经元癫痫模型中神经元内游离钙离子（[Ca^2＋]i）的时空分布及其动力学改变,以探讨钙离子在癫痫发病过程中的作用。方法：联合应用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜和膜片钳,运用较高时间分辨率动态观察培养海马神经元癫痫模型[Ca^2＋]i和电生理变化,以及化学门控钙离子通道阻滞剂的影响。结果：致痫后海马神经元胞浆和核内游离钙离子迅速上升到（612±65）nmol／L和（620±69）nmol／L水平,NMDA受体阻断剂MK-801（10μmol／L）和非NMDA受体阻断剂NBQX（10μmol／L）可使[Ca^2＋]i的升高明显减少;升高的[Ca^2＋]i恢复有明显的延迟现象,90min和150min癫痫样放电后[Ca^2＋]i恢复的时间分别为（114．8±5．2）和（135．0±22．7）（P〈0．05）。结论：持续的癫痫样放电可导致海马神经元细胞内钙超载,这个效应可被MK-801阻断,化学门控钙离子通道也参与了细胞外Ca^2＋内流的过程。     

血管平滑肌收缩的Ca^2＋信号调节机制

血管平滑肌细胞内Ca^2＋的浓度（[Ca^2＋]i）的变化及胞内收缩蛋白对Ca^2＋的敏感性是影响血管紧张的主要因素。研究表明细胞内Ca^2＋浓度的变化在血管平滑肌细胞的激活中发挥重要作用。在静息状态,细胞内的Ca^2＋浓度主要受膜电位的调节,同时,[Ca^2＋]i也可反馈调节膜电位。在平滑肌细胞内存在多种[Ca^2＋]i调节机制。本文概述了这些机制在调节血管平滑肌紧张中的作用,主要包括：[Ca^2＋]i在血管平滑肌收缩中的作用;环二磷酸腺苷（cADPR）在调节Ca^2＋释放中的作用;cADPR介导的肉桂碱受体的激活在调节平滑肌紧张度中的作用;血管平滑肌细胞的Ca^2＋闪烁和细胞膜Ca^2＋敏感性钾通道的激活;[Ca^2＋]i与膜电位之间的相互作用等。     

K(+) channel inhibition, calcium signaling, and vasomotor tone in canine pulmonary artery smooth muscle

We investigated the role of K(+) channels in the regulation of baseline intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), alpha-adrenoreceptor-mediated Ca(2+) signaling, and capacitative Ca(2+) entry in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Inhibition of voltage-gated K(+) channels with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) increased the membrane potential and the resting [Ca(2+)](i) but attenuated the amplitude and frequency of the [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations induced by the alpha-agonist phenylephrine (PE). Inhibition of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (with charybdotoxin) and inhibition (with glibenclamide) or activation of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (with lemakalim) had no effect on resting [Ca(2+)](i) or PE-induced [Ca(2+)](i) oscillations. Thapsigargin was used to deplete sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+). Under these conditions, 4-AP attenuated the peak and sustained components of capacitative Ca(2+) entry, which was observed when extracellular Ca(2+) was restored. Capacitative Ca(2+) entry was unaffected by charybdotoxin, glibenclamide, or lemakalim. In isolated pulmonary arterial rings, 4-AP increased resting tension and caused a leftward shift in the KCl dose-response curve. In contrast, 4-AP decreased PE-induced contraction, causing a rightward shift in the PE dose-response curve. These results indicate that voltage-gated K(+) channel inhibition increases resting [Ca(2+)](i) and tone in PASMCs but attenuates the response to PE, likely via inhibition of capacitative Ca(2+) entry.     

Capacitative Ca(2+) entry and tyrosine kinase activation in canine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells

We investigated the role of capacitative Ca(2+) entry and tyrosine kinase activation in mediating phenylephrine (PE)-induced oscillations in intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in canine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). [Ca(2+)](i) was measured as the 340- to 380-nm ratio in individual fura 2-loaded PASMCs. Resting [Ca(2+)](i) was 96 +/- 4 nmol/l. PE (10 micromol/l) stimulated oscillations in [Ca(2+)](i), with a peak amplitude of 437 +/- 22 nmol/l and a frequency of 1.01 +/- 0.12/min. Thapsigargin (1 micromol/l) was used to deplete sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) after extracellular Ca(2+) was removed. Under these conditions, a nifedipine-insensitive, sustained increase in [Ca(2+)](i) (140 +/- 7% of control value) was observed when the extracellular Ca(2+) concentration was restored; i.e., capacitative Ca(2+) entry was demonstrated. Capacitative Ca(2+) entry also refilled SR Ca(2+) stores. Capacitative Ca(2+) entry was attenuated (32 +/- 3% of control value) by 50 micromol/l of SKF-96365 (a nonselective Ca(2+)-channel inhibitor). Tyrosine kinase inhibition with tyrphostin 23 (100 micromol/l) and genistein (100 micromol/l) also inhibited capacitative Ca(2+) entry to 63 +/- 12 and 85 +/- 4% of control values, respectively. SKF-96365 (30 micromol/l) attenuated both the amplitude (15 +/- 7% of control value) and frequency (50 +/- 21% of control value) of PE-induced Ca(2+) oscillations. SKF-96365 (50 micromol/l) abolished the oscillations. Tyrphostin 23 (100 micromol/l) also inhibited the amplitude (17 +/- 7% of control value) and frequency (45 +/- 9% of control value) of the oscillations. Genistein (30 micromol/l) had similar effects. Both SKF-96365 and tyrphostin 23 attenuated PE-induced contraction in isolated pulmonary arterial rings. These results demonstrate that capacitative Ca(2+) entry is present and capable of refilling SR Ca(2+) stores in canine PASMCs and may be involved in regulating PE-induced Ca(2+) oscillations. A tyrosine kinase is involved in the signal transduction pathway for alpha(1)-adrenoreceptor activation in PASMCs.     

Regulation and function of Cav3.1 T-type calcium channels in IGF-I-stimulated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

Arterial smooth muscle cells enter the cell cycle and proliferate in conditions of disease and injury, leading to adverse vessel remodeling. In the pulmonary vasculature, diverse stimuli cause proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), pulmonary artery remodeling, and the clinical condition of pulmonary hypertension associated with significant health consequences. PASMC proliferation requires extracellular Ca(2+) influx that is intimately linked with intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Among the primary sources of Ca(2+) influx in PASMCs is the low-voltage-activated family of T-type Ca(2+) channels; however, up to now, mechanisms for the action of T-type channels in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation have not been addressed. The Ca(v)3.1 T-type Ca(2+) channel mRNA is upregulated in cultured PASMCs stimulated to proliferate with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and this upregulation depends on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling. Multiple stimuli that trigger an acute rise in intracellular Ca(2+) in PASMCs, including IGF-I, also require the expression of Ca(v)3.1 Ca(2+) channels for their action. IGF-I also led to cell cycle initiation and proliferation of PASMCs, and, when expression of the Ca(v)3.1 Ca(2+) channel was knocked down by RNA interference, so were the expression and activation of cyclin D, which are necessary steps for cell cycle progression. These results confirm the importance of T-type Ca(2+) channels in proper progression of the cell cycle in PASMCs stimulated to proliferate by IGF-I and suggest that Ca(2+) entry through Ca(v)3.1 T-type channels in particular interacts with Ca(2+)-dependent steps of the mitogenic signaling cascade as a central component of vascular remodeling in disease.     

New mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension: role of Ca²⁺ signaling

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and progressive disease that usually culminates in right heart failure and death if left untreated. Although there have been substantial improvements in our understanding and significant advances in the management of this disease, there is a grim prognosis for patients in the advanced stages of PAH. A major cause of PAH is increased pulmonary vascular resistance, which results from sustained vasoconstriction, excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling, in situ thrombosis, and increased pulmonary vascular stiffness. In addition to other signal transduction pathways, Ca(2+) signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) plays a central role in the development and progression of PAH because of its involvement in both vasoconstriction, through its pivotal effect of PASMC contraction, and vascular remodeling, through its stimulatory effect on PASMC proliferation. Altered expression, function, and regulation of ion channels and transporters in PASMCs contribute to an increased cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and enhanced Ca(2+) signaling in patients with PAH. This review will focus on the potential pathogenic role of Ca(2+) mobilization, regulation, and signaling in the development and progression of PAH.     

Stretch-activated channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from normoxic and chronically hypoxic rats

Stretch-activated channels (SACs) act as membrane mechanotransducers since they convert physical forces into biological signals and hence into a cell response. Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are continuously exposed to mechanical stimulations e.g., compression and stretch, that are enhanced under conditions of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Using the patch-clamp technique (cell-attached configuration) in PASMCs, we showed that applying graded negative pressures (from 0 to -60 mmHg) to the back end of the patch pipette increases occurrence and activity of SACs. The current-voltage relationship (from -80 to +40 mV) was almost linear with a reversal potential of 1 mV and a slope conductance of 34 pS. SACs were inhibited in the presence of GsMTx-4, a specific SACs blocker. Using microspectrofluorimetry (indo-1), we found that hypotonic-induced cell swelling increases intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). This [Ca(2+)](i) increase was markedly inhibited in the absence of external Ca(2+) or in the presence of the following blockers of SACs: gadolinium, streptomycin, and GsMTx-4. Interestingly, in chronically hypoxic rats, an animal model of PAH, SACs were more active and hypotonic-induced calcium response in PASMCs was significantly higher (nearly a two-fold increase). Moreover, unlike in normoxic rats, intrapulmonary artery rings from hypoxic rats mounted in a Mulvany myograph, exhibited a myogenic tone sensitive to SAC blockers. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that SACs in rat PASMCs can be activated by membrane stretch as well as hypotonic stimulation and are responsible for [Ca(2+)](i) increase. The link between SACs activation-induced calcium response and myogenic tone in chronically hypoxic rats suggests that SACs are an important element for the increased pulmonary vascular tone in PAH and that they may represent a molecular target for PAH treatment.     

Nordexfenfluramine causes more severe pulmonary vasoconstriction than dexfenfluramine

The anorectic agent dexfenfluramine (dex) causes the development of primary pulmonary hypertension in susceptible patients by an unknown mechanism. We compared the effects of dex with those of its major metabolite, nordexfenfluamine (nordex), in the isolated perfused rat lung and in isolated rings of resistance pulmonary arteries. Nordex caused a dose-dependent and more intense vasoconstriction, which can be inhibited by the nonspecific 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2 (5-HT(2)) blocker ketanserin. Similarly a rise in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in dispersed pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) induced by nordex could be prevented by ketanserin. Unlike prior observations with dex, nordex did not inhibit K(+) current or cause depolarization in PASMCs. Removal of Ca(2+) from the tissue bath or addition of nifedipine (1 microM) reduced ring contraction to nordex by 60 +/- 9 and 63 +/- 4%, respectively. The addition of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a blocker of store-operated channels and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, caused a dose-dependent decrease in the ring contraction elicited by nordex. The combination of 2-APB (10 microM) and nifedipine (1 microM) completely ablated the nordex contraction. Likewise the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum by cyclopiazonic acid markedly reduced the nordex contraction while leaving the KCl contraction unchanged. We conclude that nordex may be responsible for much of the vasoconstriction stimulated by dex, through the activation of 5-HT(2) receptors and that the [Ca(2+)](i) increase in rat PASMCs caused by dex/nordex is due to both influx of extracellular Ca(2+) and release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.     

铁对血管收缩活动的影响及其机制

动脉粥样硬化的发生和铁引起的氧化应激密切相关。铁对血管的直接效应及其对血管收缩功能的影响尚不明确。本文采用血管环灌流装置 ,观察铁对离体SD大鼠去内皮胸主动脉环的直接效应 ,及对去内皮主动脉环KCl和苯肾上腺素 (PE)引发的收缩效应的影响。结果显示 :( 1) 10 0 μmol/L枸橼酸铁 (FAC)引起大鼠血管环发生相位性收缩 ,最大收缩幅度可达KCl诱发的最大收缩的 2 4 0 2± 2 3 7%。当 [Ca2 +]o 增加 1倍时 ,铁所致的血管环收缩幅度明显增加 (P <0 0 1)。阻断L 型钙通道后 ,铁所致的血管环收缩幅度明显降低 (P <0 0 1)。在无钙液中 ,用佛波酯收缩血管环 ,待收缩稳定后给予FAC ,此时收缩幅度增加 49 18± 3 75 %。 ( 2 )铁孵育 3 0min后 ,KCl引起血管环收缩的幅度显著降低 (P <0 0 1)。铁孵育可使PE引起的收缩量 -效曲线右移 (P <0 0 5 )。 ( 3 )二甲基亚砜、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽可明显降低铁对PE血管收缩反应的抑制作用 (P <0 0 5 )。从这些结果可得到以下结论 :铁可引起胸主动脉发生相位性收缩 ,其机制可能与L 型钙通道短暂开放导致钙离子内流 ,及平滑肌对钙的敏感性增加有关 ;较长时间与铁孵育后 ,可对血管收缩功能产生损伤 ,氧自由基的生成增加和细胞内GSH的水平降低可能参与铁对收缩功能的     

细菌中钙信号的作用

摘要：越来越多的实验证明二价钙离子（Ca2+）在细菌中有重要调控作用。本文从Ca2+ 信号对细菌生理的影响、细胞内Ca2+ 浓度及测定方法、细菌中Ca2+ 的运输和Ca2+ 结合蛋白四个方面综述了目前细菌中钙信号的研究进展。