《Molecular Plant》文章中文摘要

题目：植物细胞壁基质（matrix）多糖的生物合成（综述） 摘要：伸长中的植物细胞的细胞壁主要由纤维素微纤丝和基质多糖（半纤维素和果胶）以及少量结构蛋白和酶蛋白组成。基质多糖在高尔基体中合成,通过胞吐作用输送到细胞壁,并与纤维素微纤丝相嵌。纤维素微纤丝在细胞膜上合成并直接沉积到细胞壁。已知在生长素诱导的伸长细胞中,高尔基体中存在多糖链合成,然而直到最近才鉴定出合成多糖链酶的相关基因。在基因鉴定研究中,     

天然纤维素超显微结构的扫描隧道显微镜研究

用扫描隧道显微镜（ＳＴＭ）对天然纤维素脱脂棉的超显微结构进行了研究,结果表明用ＳＴＭ可直接观察到脱脂棉的微纤丝和基原纤丝。另外,还直接观察到了脱脂棉中纤维素分子的结晶区和非结晶区以及分叉状结构,从而表明棉花纤维素是一种结晶不完全的多聚物。     

纤维素酶解速度的可视化表征与限制因素分析

纤维素酶解效率是木质纤维素高效生物转化的限制瓶颈,利用原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)可以在水相中原位可视化表征纤维素酶分子运动行为,分析单个酶分子的运动速度及其影响因素.研究发现,高效降解结晶纤维素酶分子仅结合于特定结晶表面上的特定位点上,通过单方向运动完成逐层降解,过量酶分子结合于特定表面上会导致持续性运动"塞车"现象.结晶微纤丝的降解不仅取决于酶分子运动速度及其糖苷键断裂效率,更取决于酶分子可及底物的晶面大小及其晶面氢键解聚程度.以新结合模式、新运动模式或新组织模式的纤维素酶系或复合体应是纤维素酶研究的重点方向.     

植物细胞壁中纤维素合成的研究进展

纤维素是植物细胞壁的主要成分,是植物细胞壁执行生理功能的基础,也是人类生产和生活中必不可少的一类物质。本文对纤维素合成、合成中所需要的酶以及纤维素沉积中微纤丝的作用等方面进行了综述和探讨, 并对纤维素合成的深入研究进行了展望。     

《Molecular Plant》文章中文摘要

摘要：植物细胞壁具有由高分子量的多糖、蛋白质和木质素组成的复杂结构。在细胞壁多糖中,纤维素,一种含有D-1,4氢键的葡聚糖微纤丝,是细胞壁成分中主要的承重部分,也是工业应用的重要前体。纤维素由多聚纤维素合酶（CesA）大型复合物合成,在质膜沿周质微管分布。     

纤维二糖水解酶Ⅰ吸附结构域的新功能

从拟康氏木霉S-38中分离纯化得到的外切酶Ⅰ(CBHI),经过木爪蛋白质酶的有限酶解后通过一系列的柱层析分离获得其吸附结构域(CBM).利用CBM与纤维素在40℃下作用24h后,利用红外光谱测定纤维素结构的变化,发现纤维素的氢键作用减弱,利用分子动力学模拟进一步确认实验的结果,并从纳米尺度上阐明了在CBM分子吸附作用于纤维素表面的过程中纤维素链间的氢键作用明显降低.本研究表明CBM分子不仅具有使CBHI分子定位于纤维素表面的作用,还会在吸附过程中导致纤维表面结构的破坏.本研究为CBHI分子催化结构域与吸附结构域分子间的协同模型提供了一重要证据.     

超声波对木质纤维素糖化过程影响的研究

将超声波应用在木质纤维素预处理及其酶解糖化过程中,通过SEM、FTIR研究了处理前后纤维素的形态结构和结晶性能,并考察了不同预处理方式对原料 成分的影响和超声波对酶解糖化率的影响。结果表明,超声波作用能有效的破坏纤维素分子中的氢键,降低其结晶程度,而且能有效地提高木质素的脱除率和酶解糖化率。对超声波作用于酶解过程中的机理进行了初步探讨     

纤维二糖水解酶Ⅰ吸附结构域的新功能

从拟康氏木霉S-38中分离纯化得到的外切酶Ⅰ（CBHI）,经过木爪蛋白质酶的有限酶解后通过一系列的柱层析分离获得其吸附结构域（CBM）．利用CBM与纤维素在40％下作用24h后,利用红外光谱测定纤维素结构的变化,发现纤维素的氢键作用减弱,利用分子动力学模拟进一步确认实验的结果,并从纳米尺度上阐明了在CBM分子吸附作用于纤维素表面的过程中纤维素链间的氢键作用明显降低．本研究表明CBM分子不仅具有使CBHI分子定位于纤维素表面的作用,还会在吸附过程中导致纤维表面结构的破坏．本研究为CBHI分子催化结构域与吸附结构域分子间的协同模型提供了一重要证据．     

细菌纤维素研究新进展

综述细菌纤维素的结构和性质、生物合成和分泌的过程与调控以及影响合成的因素。细菌纤维素的化学构成与天然纤维素相近 ,但又有其特殊性。参与纤维素合成的酶有 8种 ,其中纤维素合成酶是合成纤维素的关键酶和特征酶 ,环二鸟苷酸系统是研究得比较透彻的纤维素合成调节系统。培养基组成、发酵工艺和设备都会影响细菌纤维素的产量。深入研究细菌纤维素的合成和调节机制有助于揭示植物纤维素的生物合成机理和促进细菌纤维素的大规模商业化应用。     

内切-1,4-β-葡聚糖酶在植物细胞生长发育中的作用

内切-1,4-β-葡聚糖酶(EGases)可以催化水解具有1,4-β-葡聚糖主链的多聚糖,如纤维素和木葡聚糖分子,从而参与对细胞壁的修饰.植物细胞中存在一个EGase蛋白家族,且多为分泌蛋白;在植物细胞中还存在另一类跨膜EGase,是细胞壁纤维素生物合成所必需的,但植物EGases在体外具有降解纤维素人造底物羧甲基纤维素(CMC)的能力,而绝大多数植物EGases在活体细胞中并不能有效地降解结晶态纤维素分子和木葡聚糖分子.本文就EGases在细胞伸长、果实成熟和组织器官脱落等发育过程中的作用,以及EGases在植物纤维素合成与降解中的作用进行综述.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV